在课程的前半部分 So in the first half of the course,
我们先后通过多个 we drove our way through a number of
不同的视角去探讨情爱本质 different views of the nature of erotic love.
我们最后看到的观点 We arrived at what in some ways
很明显具有双重性 is clearly the combination of the view
与柏拉图在《会饮篇》中的观点一脉相承 that Plato is developing in his Symposium,
这种观点认为 a view that suggest that
情爱有两个根本方面 erotic love has two fundamental aspects to it,
一方面是我们与另一个人 an aspect that connects us with a special intimacy
有特别的亲密感 to other human beings,
但这种特别的肉体亲密的本质 but that the nature of that special erotic intimacy
不只是或不完全意味着 is not only or is not captured wholly
身体的交融和结合 by connection, by union,
因为肉体亲密的本质 because the nature of erotic intimacy
同时也意味着 is that it has
对可能到来的生育敞开怀抱 a specific kind of openness to creativity or procreativity.
学期前半段最后 We ended the first half of the semester
我们探讨了这种柏拉图式的 by looking at the way this Platonic understanding
对人类情爱动力根本结构的认识 of the fundamental structure of the human erotic drive
如何出现在现当代文化语境中 comes on the scene in contemporary culture,
尤其是通过一些被认为是 particularly through something that's thought of
天主教的特殊视角 as a distinctively Catholic understanding
天主教对婚姻本质的认识 of the nature of marriage,
为此我们主要分析了 something that we looked at most particularly
安德鲁·德布斯的小说 in the short story of Andre Dubus
和教皇保罗六世的通谕 and in the Encyclical of Pope Paul VI.
假期过后 Here after break then
我们继续把焦点对准婚姻 we've continued to explore this focus on marriage
婚姻是所有情爱关系中 as the most complete, perhaps also
最终的 或许也是最麻烦的问题 the most problematic of all erotic relationships.
这部分一开始我们分析了 We kicked off this part of the semester by looking at
莎士比亚伟大的婚姻悲剧《奥赛罗》 Shakespeare's great tragedy of marriage Othello.
《奥赛罗》对婚姻这个话题着墨之多 The fact that Othello focuses so much on marriage
使它不同于莎翁的其他伟大悲剧 distinguishes it from Shakespeare's other great tragedies.
当然 从政治视角来看 Of course, there are many political dimensions as well
《奥赛罗》中政治因素也很多 to Othello as there are
就像《麦克白》《哈姆雷特》《李尔王》一样 in say Macbeth and in Hamlet, and in Lear.
但《奥赛罗》的不同之处在于 But Othello is distinguished
将婚姻关系作为核心主题 by the centrality of the nuptial relationship
夫妻一方若想知道另一方更多东西 in the way that certain kinds of demands of knowledge
可能破坏夫妻之间的信任 can undermine the possibilities for the kind of trust
而信任正是维持婚姻所需的 necessary for marriage to live itself out.
我们今天要分析的是一部电影 What we turn to today is movie
由美国知名导演伍迪·艾伦指导 by the well-known American director Woody Allen,
他年轻时学的是哲学专业 who by the way was a philosophy major in his youth,
影片中有所体现 and it shows.
我认为这部电影 This particular movie to my mind
是他所有影片中最好的 is the finest of all of his movies,
当然肯定会有一些反对声音 though certainly there'll be some disagreements about that.
我猜想很多同学过去几年中 I suspect that many of you have seen at least
至少都看过几部他的电影 a few Woody Allen's movies over the years.
最近的一部叫做《赛末点》 A more recent movie called Match Point
这部电影我也考虑过放给大家看 is another movie that I have considered using in the course
因为有很多学生向我推荐过 because it's been recommended to me by so many students.
但我还是坚持用《汉娜姐妹》 But I persist in using Hannah and Her Sisters
因为这里对婚姻及其挑战的关注 because the focus here on marriage and its challenges
我认为 seems to me
更加符合现代的语境 to extent into a much more contemporary context,
其中很多主题源于《奥赛罗》 many of the themes from Othello.
我想 I'm sure
对于像大家这么有观察力的观众来说 it was not lost on people as observant as all of you
一定注意到了在影片最后一幕中 that in the very last scene of the movie,
汉娜的妈妈恭喜她 Hannah's mother congratulates her
成功演绎了现实版的苔丝狄蒙娜 on taking up the role of Desdemona in a new production.
汉娜母亲的眼光很独特 Her mother has a rather unusual perspective
这个角色也很有意思 and lots enjoyable about the role.
我不想剧透太多 I won't spoil the surprise
因为有个别同学 for that one or two of you
可能还没来得及看电影 may not have the chance to see the movie yet.
但伍迪·艾伦联系莎翁的做法很明显 But clearly Woody Allen wants the gesture towards Shakespeare.
他希望观众能想到奥赛罗 He wants you to have Othello in mind,
想到《奥赛罗》这部戏剧 the play Othello
特别是苔丝狄蒙娜的命运 and in particular the fate of Desdemona,
再来看片中由米娅·法罗扮演的角色 when you think about Mia Farrow in this particular movie
汉娜所经历的事 about what happens to Hannah.
可能有人有机会看过 For those of you who've had occasion to read
易卜生伟大的跨世纪的 Henrik Ibsen's great turn-of-the-century,
写于1900年前后的家庭悲剧 that is around 1900, domestic tragedy,
《玩偶之家》这部话剧 melodrama A Dolls House.
电影一开始 The movie begins in the first scene
向观众介绍汉娜时 by introducing Hannah to us
就说她在《玩偶之家》中成功扮演了诺拉 as someone who's starred as Nora in that play.
也就是说 影片中汉娜是一名演员 So the entire movie frames Hannah to us as an actress,
她演着两个经典的女性角色 an actress who's played two of the classic parts
都是面对家庭悲剧的女性 that represent a woman in a condition of domestic tragedy.
在《玩偶之家》中 Now in A Dolls House,
诺拉奋起反抗获取了自由 Nora breaks out and achieves liberation.
而我们知道在《奥赛罗》中 Of course as we know in Othello,
苔丝狄蒙娜没能为自己反抗 Desdemona fails to break out.
最终 由于奥赛罗未能满足 In the end, the inability of Othello to accept
苔丝狄蒙娜的身体需求 something about Desdemona
致使苔丝狄蒙娜死去 results in Desdemona's death.
可见 伍迪·艾伦一方面当然希望电影 So Woody Allen intends this movie of course
搞笑 有趣 并能触动观众 to be funny, to be entertaining, to be touching.
又笑又哭 就是这样 I laughed, I cried, yeah yeah yeah.
但同时他也希望有思想的人去看 But he also intends smart people to see it,
这些观众会对影片作出自己的解读 people who will bring to bear their own reading
同时结合自己的人生经历 as well as their own life experience
去分析影片中的情节 on what happens in this particular movie.
如果你读过易卜生 If you've read Ibsen,
你就有了一套思想来源 you have one set of references,
如果你读过莎士比亚 and if you have read Shakespeare,
你又有了另一套思想来源 you have yet another set of references.
下面 What I'd like to do now
我将给大家放一段挺长的片段 is to show a rather longish cut from the movie,
取自影片中"秋天的寒意"部分 from the section called Autumn Chill,
看完之后 and then return
再来讨论影片中的一些主题 to discuss some of the themes that emerge from it.
晚上越来越凉快了 The nights are really getting cooler.
夏天过得好快 Summer went so quickly.
马上就该秋天了 Soon it'll be fall.
我的文学老师很喜欢我 My literature professor really likes me.
昨晚跟他约会好开心 It was fun being out with him last night.
可笑 我感觉像在背叛艾略特 Funny, I feel like I'm betraying Elliot
不过太荒谬了 but that's ridiculous.
我干嘛不能跟道格约会? Why shouldn't I see Doug?
艾略特又不单身 Elliot's not free.
不要同时跟两个人约会 Just go one step at a time.
看看再过几个月怎么发展吧 Let's see what the next few months bring.
汉娜 嗨 听着 Hannah? Hi! Listen.
告诉你一个好消息 You'll be happy to know that
你的钱没有完全打水漂 your money has not gone completely to waste.
没 我其实已经写出了一份初稿 No. I have an actual first rough draft of something I wrote.
是啊 没错 我给李看过了 Yeah, yeah, yeah, well, I showed it to Lee.
她给我提了一些好点子 She gave me some good pointers.
我现在离你家很近 And listen, I'm pretty near where you live.
我去把稿子给你行不? I wonder if I could just drop it off?
你要有时间 就读一读 And you know when you have some time, read it.
等我感恩节过去 我们再聊 And we'll talk when I come over at Thanksgiving.
行 就这样 OK? All right.
好的 哦 等等 OK. Oh, wait, wait. Listen. Listen.
我觉得李在哥伦比亚找了个不错的人 I think Lee met an interesting guy at Columbia.
是啊 Yeah, yeah.
他听起来很不错 Well, he sounds eally nice.
是啊 好 就这样 Yeah. OK, all right.
感恩节再说吧 拜拜 Well we'll talk at Thanksgiving. Bye-bye.
这是诺玛唱的那首歌 Now, here's a song that Norma sang on that trip
我们去布法罗看戏的路上她唱的 we made up to the show in Buffalo...
哦 那晚她真是美极了 and, oh, was she beautiful that night.
谢谢 亲爱的 Thank you, honey.
真的 你美极了 Oh, yes, you were.
还记得那一晚吧? Don't you remember that night?
她真是太美了 She was so beautiful.
简直美极了 She was so beautiful that
街上男人们看她走过 when men saw her walking along the streets
都把车开上人行道了 they'd drive their cars right up on the sidewalk.
没错吧 亲爱的 That right, honey?
稍有点夸张 不过只是一点点 A slight exaggeration, but only slight.
你今晚对我很冷淡 You've been very cold to me tonight.
没 No.
出什么问题了 Is something wrong?
别在这儿说 Not here.
周围人太多了 There are too many people around.
嗨 汉娜 我觉得 Hey, Hannah, you know I think
李和她新男友是认真的 Lee is really serious about her new boyfriend.
我看哪 他是个很不错的男人 From what I understand, he sounds really nice.
真为她高兴 I'm so happy for her.
我想她恋爱了 I think she's in love.
喂 你怎么了? Hey, what's the matter?
你的东西真叫我失望 I'm real upset about what you wrote.
我的初稿? My script?
很明显是根据我和艾略特写的 It's obviously based on Elliot and me.
哦 才一点点 Oh, so loosely.
什么"哦 才一点点" No, not "oh, so loosely".
完全照搬的 Real specifically.
你就这么看我们? Is that how you see us?
我就不能接受别人的想法和感受? Can I not accept gestures and feelings from people?
我很拒人千里吗? Do I put people off?
只是个虚构的故事 It's a made up story.
不 根本就是真的 No, it's real exact.
场景 对话 什么都像 The situations, the dialogue, everything.
有很多我和艾略特的亲密细节 It's full of intimate details between Elliot and me
我就奇怪了你是怎么知道的 which I don't see how you could even possibly know about.
怎么知道我们关于收养小孩的对话的? A conversation we once had about adoption?
李告诉我的 Lee mentioned that to me.
所以说 你跟她讨论这些? So obviously, you discussed it with her.
我就听个梗概 I just took the essence,
然后丰富一下 写成了故事 and I blew it up into drama.
我想知道李是怎么知道这些事的 I don't see how Lee could know about these things.
我不是什么都跟她讲 I don't, I don't tell her everything.
也许我伤到你了 I guess I hit a nerve.
你把我写的 You make it sound like you know
好像我无欲无求似的 I have no needs or something.
你觉得我太独立自主了? You think I'm too self-sufficient?
汉娜 我不是有意的 Hannah, that's not what I meant.
每个人都那么依赖你 You know, everybody relies on you for so much.
你总是付出那么多 You're so giving.
我没有说你不是 It's not a criticism.
我们爱你 感激你 We love you. We're grateful.
感激?但你让我愤怒 Grateful, but you resent me.
哦 我不想跟你吵了 Oh, wow. I don't want to have this conversation.
我做错什么了 I didn't do anything wrong.
你自己跟我说 You mentioned to me yourself that
你跟艾略特出了问题 you and Elliot were having some problems.
我们是出了问题 We were having problems.
但那也是我们的事 Problems that are my business
我就不知道你们怎么了解那么清楚 which I don't see how you could know about in such detail.
李是怎么知道的?怎么知道的? How does Lee know about these things? How?
这都是私事 They're private.
你为什么不让我们分担 Why don't you share them with us?
我不想麻烦你们每个人 I don't want to bother everyone.
问题就在这里 That's the point.
我巴不得被麻烦 I'd like to be bothered.
你们怎么就知道这些事 I don't see how you could know about these things
一定是艾略特跟你说的 unless Elliot's been talking to you.
不 他没有 No, he hasn't.
要是我冒犯了你 我很抱歉 If I offended you, I'm sorry.
我们掰了 艾略特 It's over, Elliot.
我已经说的够清楚了 I don't know how to be any clearer.
没戏了 没希望的 It's over. I can't see...
我觉得我可以的 I know I deserve this...
当然我也有错 I'm just as much at fault.
只要你相信 我真心爱你 If you could believe I have such feelings...
还是跟你说实话吧 I've got to be honest with you...
我喜欢上别人了 I've met someone else.
我跟你说过不会永远等下去 I told you I wasn't going to wait forever.
但还没到永远 It hasn't been forever.
从我们第一次到现在快一年了 It's been nearly a year since our first time.
可你还是我姐姐的丈夫 And you're still married to my sister
我现在看清楚了 which I now realize is fine
因为你对我姐姐的爱 because you're probably
比你自己知道的要多得多 much more in love with her than you know.
我们有过好多畅想 We made so many plans.
没错 可实际上你给了我什么? Sure we did. And then where you led me on?
我原来真心以为你跟汉娜过不下去 Because I truly believed you were unhappy with Hannah.
否则 我才不会让自己掺合进来 Otherwise, I would never have let myself be drawn in.
我很脆弱 你也是 I was very weak. So were you.
可我现在有别人了 Now I've met someone else.
晚饭快了吗? Dinner soon?
再过十五分钟 About fifteen minutes.
好的 Ah, Good.
你们说爱就爱吗? And you're in love overnight?
我非常在意他 没错 I care a great deal about him, yes.
完了 艾略特 我是认真的 It's over, Elliot. I mean it. It's over.
亲爱的 我太爱你的手稿了 Sweetheart, I loved your script.
我觉得写得太巧妙了 I thought it was so clever.
哦 我亲爱的妈妈 Well, you're my mother.
不是每个人都那么顶我 Not everybody's going to be such a sucker.
我特别喜欢那个母亲的角色 I particularly liked the character of the mother
一个嗜酒 花心的毒嘴老婆子 just a boozy old flirt with a filthy mouth.
真为你骄傲 I'm so proud.
哦 谢谢妈妈 Oh, Mom. Thanks.
为感恩节干杯 来吧 Now here's a toast to Thanksgiving, all right?
我们要喝啤酒吗?当然! Are we supposed to have beer? Yes!
让我听到你们的声音 Let me hear it.
怎么样 小弗莱切 How's that, Fletcher?
为了感恩节 Now to Thanksgiving.
来干一小杯 Here's a little toast.
一起来 干杯 Come on, bottoms up.
你跟霍利和李 Have you been talking to Holly or Lee
说了我们的私生活? about us about our personal life?
我?当然没有 Me? Of course not.
霍利在她的手稿中写了我们的事 There's things Holly wrote about in her script about us
那么隐秘的事只可能是你说的 that are so personal it could only have come from you.
听着 我头很痛 Look, I've got a splitting headache,
我不想被你冤枉 and I don't like being accused.
我没冤枉你 我在问你 I'm not accusing. I'm asking.
你觉得我付出太多了? Do you find me too giving?
能力太强了? Too competent?
完美得让人反感还是怎么? Too disgustingly perfect or something?
不是 No.
那是什么?我们之间怎么了? What is it then? What's come between us?
我怎么让你疏远我了? How have I alienated you?
汉娜 我脑袋快炸了 Hannah, my head is throbbing.
你从来都不愿谈这些 You never want to talk about it.
我每次提 你都转换话题 Every time I bring it up, you change the subject.
到底怎么了? What is it...?
我们的交流越来越少 We're communicating less and less.
我们一起睡觉越来越少 You sleep with me less and less.
汉娜 我很乱 别吵了行不行! Hannah, I am very mixed up! Please!
你背着我在跟霍利和李说? Do you talk to Holly or Lee behind my back?
是不是?一定是的 Do you? You must.
她们好像知道我们很多事 They seem to know so much about us.
可能是我偶尔想听听她们建议 Well, maybe I've asked advice once or twice
或开了个玩笑 or made a joke.
你做了什么? What did you do?
你跟霍利和李她们说了什么? Do you talk to Holly or Lee or what?
给她们打电话了? Do you phone them?
别吵我了 行不行? Leave me alone, can't you?
上帝 你逼我说 Jesus, I told you.
我需要找个在乎我的人 I need someone I can matter to.
我在乎你 完完全全在乎你 You matter to me. Completely.
跟你很难处 It's hard to be around someone
你付出那么多 却没什么需求 who gives so much and needs so little in return.
我有很多需求 I have enormous needs.
但我看不到 But I can't see them,
李和霍利也看不到 and neither can Lee or Holly.
这部影片同伍迪·艾伦的很多影片一样 This movie, like some of Woody Allen's other movies,
存在人物模式化的问题 could be criticized for being formulaic
其中的人物可以说 for having characters who in a way
就是代表了某种观念或类型 are so representative of a point of view or of a type
以至于看不到人性 that it can take away from their humanness,
不知道多大程度上是真实的 from how much they are realized.
另外有一部电影 A movie that many people point to
很多人认为是伍迪最好的影片 as maybe Woody Allen's best movie,
我想应该拍摄于《汉娜姐妹》之后 a movie made I think just after Hannah and Her Sisters,
就是电影《爱与罪》 Crimes and Misdemeanors,
但我觉得是失败的 seems to me actually to fail
因为过于模式化了 because of this in a variety of ways.
片中的角色不完全是真的 I think the characters aren't fully real.
完全就是一种类型 They are too much just types,
是模式化的人物 just representatives or something.
《汉娜姐妹》中的人物也有这个问题 In this movie, the people certainly are types in a way,
但我却认为这部电影是成功的 but at least to my eye, this movie is successful
因为它让这些人物类型活灵活现 in making these types utterly human beings.
汉娜是他们家的大女儿 Hannah is the big sister in her family.
后来的汉娜受童年生活影响很大 We see her as the product of a certain kind of childhood.
这让我们想起了 It reminds us, it brings us back to
《理发师的情人》中的某些方面 certain aspects of The Hairdresser's Husband in this regard.
从小她在家扮演的角色 She's the product of being the person in her family
就是去成就每个家人 who made everybody else whole,
去化解家庭矛盾 who fixed things,
特别是她还负责调解 who most particularly fixed things
她那对嗜酒的父母之间的矛盾 between her alcoholic parents.
你会注意到酒这个元素 You'll notice that alcohol and alcoholism
在电影中扮演很重要的串联作用 plays a central organizing role in this movie.
妹妹李一直在参加无名戒酒会 The younger sister Lee goes to AA meetings
以此控制酒瘾 to get herself under control
当时艾略特在追她 when Eliot seduces her.
他追的这个人偏偏非常愿意 If you can seduce somebody who's that willing...
哦 艾略特 你不能对我说这些 Oh Eliot, you shouldn't say things like that to me,
现在还不是时候 except right now save ours
在他们发生第一次的时候 We see their first time
这是李在宾馆房间里说的 as she says it in that scene in a hotel room.
他们一起喝了酒 We see them drinking wine together
对此的一种解读是 so that one can interpret this as
艾略特给她酒让她更顺从 Eliot gives her wine to make her more pliable,
另外一种解读 or which seems to me
我认为与李这个角色更符合 more consistent with the character of Lee in the movie,
可以解读为 李喝酒是为了 you can interpret that as Lee drinks wine in order to
让自己否认她正在做的事 give herself more deniability about what she's doing.
喝了酒之后 Then she has a way that
她就能把责任推给别的东西 she can schlep off the responsibility onto something else,
推给别人 and onto someone else,
这是李的主要性格之一 which is one of her most defining character traits.
这又是个很吸引人的女性 She's a gorgeous attractive woman.
这部影片的美学力量 Part of the aesthetic power
以及让人产生的道德不确定 and of the moral dubiousness of this movie
就表现在让你爱上一个可怕的人 is that it makes you fall in love with such a horrible person.
电影走在一条紧绷的线上 This movie walks a very tight line.
走在高空钢丝上 It's on a high wire,
因为它最后想要成为一部喜剧 because it wants to be in the end a comedy.
影片中人们没有为道德沦丧买单 People do not suffer for their moral depravity in this movie.
总是能从中挽救回来 They are always redeemed from it.
这一点体现地最淋漓尽致的 The most complete sign of this is that
是在影片最后 at the very end of the movie,
整部影片的最后一句话是"我怀孕了" the last thing anybody says is "I'm pregnant."
这是二姐霍利的话 The middle sister Holly,
我觉得这是最变通的一个女儿 the one I think of as the vibrating sister.
这个角色还让演员获得了奥斯卡奖 She actually won the academy award for that role
艾略特扮演者迈克尔·凯恩也一样 as Michael Caine won his role as Eliot,
两人分获最佳男女配角奖 both won the supporting actor and actress awards.
这部影片将孩子 The movie sees reconciliation,
视为调解和赎罪的出路 or sees redemption in children,
因此孩子 生育 不育等 so that children and fertility and infertility are also
也是贯穿于影片的一些主题 themes that wines throughout this particular movie.
我今天只能选取几个主题 Now I'll only be able to pick out a couple of these themes
做一简要分析 to work on them a little bit today.
对大家而言 我想 For yourself, I think
这部影片很值得大家看第二遍 you would find this movie very worth a second viewing.
结构设计非常精巧 It's a very carefully structured movie
各种情节以特别的方式相交缠 so that the plots interact in all sorts of exciting ways.
小女儿李 When Lee, the little sister,
从头到尾让自己有所依赖 constantly puts herself in a position of dependence,
米娅·法罗的角色大女儿汉娜 Mia Farrow's character, the oldest sister
则不让自己依赖于他人 constantly avoids a situation of dependence.
李把自己交给别人就是她的自由 Lee achieves her freedom by turning yourself over to others.
她获取自由的同时 失去了负责的机会 Her freedom comes at the cost of responsibility.
汉娜的自由则相反 Hannah's freedom's the opposite.
她的自由就是 Hannah achieves freedom
对所有人都彻底负责 by being completely responsible for everyone,
包括她的父母 even for her parents.
二女儿霍利的自由又不一样 The middle sister Holly has a different strategy for freedom.
自己自由了 却对别人不负责 She achieves freedom through irresponsibility.
可以说伍迪·艾伦 So Woody Allen has in a way
系统地探索了一些人性选择 just systematically explored some human options,
一些我们所面临的诱惑 some temptations that we have.
所有这些诱惑 All of these temptations are ways of
都让人失去了爱情所需的一些东西 avoiding something that love might demand.
我们再来看一下汉娜这个人物 Let's think of the character of Hannah for a second here.
汉娜正如刚才片段中所放的 Hannah, as that scene shows us,
从来都不愿让别人觉得 is someone who never wants
她有什么需求 to project herself to others as needy.
片段中她对妹妹霍利说 She says in that scene to her sister Holly,
我不想麻烦什么人 "I don't wanna bother anyone."
电影中"麻烦"这个词 The word "bother" in this movie
有很深刻的含义 has been loaded up with significance
体现在影片的配乐中 through the music of the movie.
即汉娜父母演奏和演唱的曲子 The signature song of Hannah's parents
这曲子一次又一次出现 and it's played over and over again,
有时候有人唱 sometimes with the words
有时候没有人唱 and sometimes without the words
这曲子让人迷醉 带来麻烦和困惑 is bewitched, bothered and bewildered.
这是一首著名的关于恋爱本质的曲子 A famous song about the nature of falling in love,
讲的是被别人找麻烦 about how being bothered by another person,
就像《异域夜店》中的DJ爱说的 being as the DJ in Club Exotica like to say
"火辣的麻烦人儿" "on hot and bothered",
被人找麻烦是我们必须面对的 is something we have to give ourselves up to
这样才能体验某种情爱 in order to experience a certain kind of romantic love.
所以片段中汉娜说 So when Hannah says in that scene
我不想麻烦任何人 "I don't want to bother anybody",
别人理解的意思是 what other people hear is that
我不想得到任何人的爱 I don't want to be loved by anybody.
我只想爱别人 但不要被人爱 I want to love, but I don't want to be loved;
我只想付出 但不要别人给我什么 I want to give, but I don't want to be given.
汉娜遭受的 So the particular kind of
这种"大姐综合症" big-sister syndrome from which she suffers
就是过分揽事儿 is that of trying to take on too much of the role
去规划每个人的人生走向 of being the director of everybody else's life,
这么做当然是好心的 a benevolent director to be sure,
但这种主导者的形象 but taking on that director role
让她觉得充满控制欲 makes her feel controlling to others.
我要给大家补充一点 I add as a kind of a side here that
在这部电影中 this is the sort of movie where the real lives of
演员自己的真实生活 the actress, of the star, the real life of the star actress
也交融在了影片中 shines into the movie
制造了一些让人不太舒服的方面 and creates some very uncomfortable aspects of it.
米娅·法罗自己就有个大家庭 Mia Farrow herself has a large adopted family.
她领养了很多小孩 She adopted many children
就像她在电影中也领养了小孩 just as she has adopted children in this movie.
伍迪和米娅还是情人的时候 Woody Allen of course took up with
与米娅此前领养的一个孩子 one of Mia Farrow's adopted children
发生了关系 并移情别恋 when he was still Mia Farrow's lover.
所以我说 So that when I say
这部电影进入了灰色道德地带 this movie walks into a moral grey zone,
我想伍迪·艾伦一定知道 it seems to me that Woody Allen must have known
这部电影要向观众强调 that this is a movie that enforces on us
艺术源于生活 the fact that art imitates life.
电影中的人物 The characters in this movie
与扮演这些人物的演员之间 have a very discomforting relationship
存在着一种让人很不舒服的关系 to the people playing the characters in the movie.
汉娜独立自主 So Hannah's self-sufficiency,
她不愿麻烦别人 her unwillingness to project need to others,
不让爱她的人为她做任何事 to give anybody else anything to do in loving her,
影片对此提出质疑 comes under question in the movie.
最初正是汉娜的干练个性 Now it was exactly Hannah's directorial skills
吸引了艾略特 that attracted Elliot to her in the first place.
大家应该记得艾略特提过 You'll remember that Elliot mentions that
遇到汉娜之前 他的生活一团糟 his life was a mess before he knew Hannah.
当初汉娜身上吸引他的东西 The very thing that attracted him to Hannah
现在却让他觉得令人窒息 is now the thing that he's finding he's suffocating.
于是就要去找一个他能掌控的人 So he looks for somebody whose life he can direct.
我们在电影中看到 The Lee that we see in this movie
李跟好几个比她大的男人有交往 has a whole series of relationships to older men,
那些能教她东西的男人 older men who can teach her things,
能指导她的男人 who can be her mentors.
最初是跟弗莱德里克 She starts off with Frederick.
然后转向了艾略特 She moves toward Elliot.
最后是跟哥伦比亚的道格 She ends up with the guy from Columbia Doug.
汉娜就是一个指导者 Hannah is the mentor.
她让其他人生活得更好 She is the one who makes other people's lives better.
可以注意一下她总是占据主动权 Notice how she's always shown taking the initiative in things.
片中出现过 When we have flashbacks
她和米奇做夫妻时的画面 to when she was married to Mickey,
我们看到她同样也是 we see her as the primary driving force
他们生活中的主导力量 in their lives as well,
尤其是他们去诊所检查不孕时 particularly in the scenes involving the infertility clinic.
在汉娜独立自主这个问题上 Whose side are we supposed to be on
我们应该站在谁的一边 when it comes to Hannah's self-sufficiency.
汉娜当然不认为自己 Hannah of course does not interpret herself
是一个没有需求的人 as a person with no needs in
影片中有一句让我觉得最可怕的话 what I think is the most horrifying line in the whole movie,
听了让人很不安 I think a deeply disturbing line
在我们看到的片段中显得很悲情 because it's so very sad in this scene we just saw,
是汉娜对艾略特说的一句话 when she says to Elliot,
我有很多需求 "I have enormous needs."
设想一下 Imagine being in a position where
你需要说服你的爱人 you have to convince your lover
你对他/她是有需求的 that you have any need of him.
这对汉娜糟糕透了 It's a terrible situation for her.
那些她以为 All of the things she thought of
作为馈赠所做的一切 she has giving to others as a gift,
她的所有帮助 all of the help,
不麻烦别人做的所有努力 all of the avoidance of bothering them,
现在都重重地打回她脸上 is now being thrown back into her face
仿佛她那么做都是因为自私 as if they were exercises of her selfishness
而不是无私 rather than of her selflessness.
别人并不感激她 People can't feel gratitude toward her
因为他们没法给她什么 because there's nothing they've been able to give back.
汉娜的这种性格 This aspect of Hannah of course
显得有些荒谬 has something comic about it.
我记得我小的时候 每到圣诞 I know that when I was a kid, every Christmas
我爸就会叫来我们几个小孩 my Dad would give my brothers and sisters and me,
给我们一些钱 he gave us some money,
让我们去商场 and then like we go to a mall or something
给妈妈买些东西 and he tell us to buy something for my mom.
他从来没有说过 给我买些什么 Now he never told us buy something for me,
如果我们真拿钱给他买了东西 and he would have felt really weird
他会觉得这事就不应该 if that's what we did with the money.
他是个很好的送礼物的人 He was a much better gift-giver
却不善于收礼物 than he was gift-receiver.
但现在好多了 He's better about it now.
倒不是说他变贪了 He's not greedy,
而是更习惯收礼物了 but he's better about accepting gifts now.
但我想他一定花了很长时间 But it took him a long time I think
才学会收孩子送来的礼物 to learn to be able to accept gift from one of his children.
事实上我觉得 In effect, that's the way, it seems to me,
汉娜就是这么对待她妹妹和父母的 that Hannah treats her siblings and her parents,
还有她的丈夫 but also treats her husbands.
影片所有人物中 Of all of the people in this movie,
我觉得最不讨人喜欢的 the one that I find probably least likeable,
演的却是最棒的 but the one that I think gives the greatest performance
是迈克尔·凯恩 is Michael Caine.
来回想一下影片的画面 If you think back to this movie visually,
有一点会让大家感到惊讶 something that I think you will be struck by
即凯恩扮演的艾略特 is how much of Michael Caine's performance as Elliot
常常是背影对着镜头 is shot over one of her shoulders, or shot to his back.
他的想法 Somehow he is able to convey
会通过手势表达 through the gestures of his hands
通过耸肩表达 and the shrug of his shoulders,
通过他的身体姿态表达 the kind of posture that he has,
他正面的镜头都没有那么丰富 even more than he does by direct shots of his face.
他这个人怎么样? What kind of a man he is?
有这样一个场景 So that in the scene after
在弗莱德里克和李的家 he has just made a very clumsy lurch
艾略特很莽撞地吻了李 in Fredrick and Lee's apartment toward trying to kiss Lee,
结果他碰到了留声机的唱针 and then he hits the needle on the phonograph,
这是以前的技术产物 a piece of ancient technology,
慢节奏曲调突然变快 and changes the song from a slow one to a faster one,
改变了影片节奏 changes the movement.
接着影片炸开了锅 And then everything blows up
达斯蒂本想向弗莱德里克买幅画 with Dusty trying to buy a painting from Fredrick
去配他的沙发 that matches his sofa,
结果怒气冲冲跑到了街上 and they end up running out in the street.
接着李也出来 But then Lee comes out
找凯恩扮演的艾略特 and looks for Michael Caine for Elliot,
接下去的画面 and there's a scene
就是从迈克尔·凯恩的背后拍的 where it's shot from the back of Michael Caine
李在向他让步 showing Lee giving into him,
或者说李在扮演一个向他让步的角色 or playing the part as someone giving into him,
这一幕的最后艾略特说 and it's the scene that ends with him saying
我知道答案了 "now I have my answer."
他知道他妻子的这个妹妹 He knows that his wife's sister
愿意跟他发生关系 is willing to have an affair with him.
这场与李的交锋是片中重要的一刻 The whole interchange with Lee, a key moment in the movie,
却没有出现凯恩的脸 doesn't show Michael Caine's face.
可以说他的一生是不忠的一生 Somehow his life is life of infidelity,
这一点非常明显 is lived out so fully
已经不需要他的语言 that it doesn't need his language,
不需要他的表情了 it doesn't need his expression;
这个人存在就说明了问题 it just needs all of him.
我觉得伍迪一个很大的成就 It seems to me a very fine accomplishment of Woody Allen's
就是从一个演员的身体上 to draw on so expressive a performance
挖掘出强烈的表现力 out of an actor's body,
而不是通过演员的面部表情 not out of an actor's facial expressions.
那么总体来看 这部电影的成就是什么 What kind of accomplishment then over all
电影探索了 is this movie as an exploration
婚姻面临的一些挑战 of some of the challenges of marriage.
从某个角度来看 电影非常乐观 In a way the movie's extremely optimistic,
因为尽管有婚姻灾难 because despite their marital disasters,
尽管他们所处的婚姻本身就是灾难 despite growing up in a marriage that itself was a disaster,
这些人物还是找到了爱 these characters find a way to love.
当然 They don't, it's true,
他们的第一段婚姻都不怎么成功 have much success with their first spouse.
但影片背后仿佛蕴含了 It seems the view of marriage behind this movie
这样一个道理 is something like this:
熟能生巧 practice makes perfect.
通过跟一个人相处 The people get better
他们能学会更好地应对一些事情 by working out some things with one spouse,
足够成熟之后 and then grow up enough
去跟另一个人开启一段真正的婚姻 to make a real marriage with another spouse.
我们应该认为 汉娜自始至终 I don't think we're to understand Hannah as ever discovering
都不知道丈夫艾略特和她妹妹出轨 that her husband Elliot has been sleeping with her sister Lee,
因此我们不必追问 so we're not forced to confront Hannah's ability
汉娜有没有能力应对丈夫的不忠 to work through that very specific form of infidelity.
但我们确实看到了 But we do see in the movie
所有夫妻都有幸福的结局 that all of the couples end happily,
都找到了自己的真爱 they all find a way toward love.
但在影片乐观的一面之外 But that bright comic side of the movie
还伴随着很负面的基调 is counterbount by a very dark undertone,
仿佛婚姻中的忠诚 an undertone that makes fidelity in marriage
不仅很难实现 look like something not only difficult,
而且可能无法实现 but perhaps impossible;
不仅无法实现 not only impossible,
而且就算可以实现也不值得追求 but perhaps not worth having even if it were possible.
这部电影中 The infidelities in this movie turn out
不忠没有深深地烙印在人物身上 not to go very deep into these characters,
他们很容易地度过了困难 they overcome them much more easily
不像奥赛罗那样无法面对 than say Othello was able to overcome
尽管苔丝狄蒙娜的不忠只是假象 even his mere fantasy of Desdemona's infidelity.
这种对婚姻不忠的关注 Does this lightening of marital infidelity
我想影片说的就是这个 as I think of it in this movie...
它让我们带着更乐观还是悲观的视角 Does this make for a more optimistic or more pessimistic view
去看待婚姻以及婚姻对每个人的要求? of what marriage is, of what marriage would call us to become?
我想这是个很现实的问题 It seems to me a very live question,
值得我们看过电影后去问 a question that the movie deserves us to ask.
只是觉得电影很消遣 To find this movie merely entertaining
那就没有看懂电影 is not really to enter into it.
影片是让我们作出判断 The movie is calling for a judgment.
我对影片的判断是很负面的 My own judgment on the movie is quite negative.
电影当然是很成功 适合消遣 As successful and as entertaining as I think the movie is,
但我觉得它不道德 I think it's immoral.
我觉得影片让我们带着轻慢的态度 I think the movie is trying to make us take up a comic view
去看待诱惑和不忠 toward our own temptations, toward infidelity.
这也许是不公平的 Perhaps that's not fair,
但我也没说过我们的课程要公平 but then I didn't say the course was going to be fair.
周三再见 See you on Wednesday.