今天我们要讲的是电影《异域夜店》 Today, I'll be talking about the movie Exotica.
首先会给大家播放影片中的一个片段 I wanna start out by showing a short clip from it.
讲课之前 我想提醒一下大家 I want to remind you before I get into the lecture today
我们下周要读的内容 about the reading for next time.
我们将开始读柏拉图的《会饮篇》 We'll be starting to read Plato's Symposium.
课程大纲上标明了要读的内容 And on the syllabus it tells you how far to read:
从开头读到185c from the very beginning to 185c.
要提醒大家的是 柏拉图的所有对话 Just to remind you that in Plato's dialogues,
都有一个统一的编号方式 they all have a standard numbering
不管什么版本 that's the same regardless of
哪种翻译都一样 which edition or translation you use.
它们都依据一个早期的现代版本 They are based on an early modern edition,
并以编辑的名字命名为斯蒂芬努斯编号 so they are called Stephanus' numbers after that editor's name.
在文本中 这些数字 Those numbers are embedded in your text
都放在方括号里或以斜体印刷 in square brackets and in italics,
在我指定的版本中 and are also listed at the top of the pages
它们还出现在每一页的最上方 in the translation I've ordered for this course.
我们会从会饮篇的开头 即172a读到185c So I'll read from the beginning of Symposium at 172a to 185c
这些内容涉及了两个人物 which will take you through the first two characters
他们分别作了关于性爱本质的讲话 who give speeches about the nature of erotic love,
菲德鲁斯和包萨尼亚 Phaedrus and Pausanias.
请务必在下次课前读完这些内容 So make sure that you read those pages for next time.
这是我们下周三的讨论主题 They'll be the subject of the lecture on Wednesday.
影片异域夜店是一部异常紧凑密集的电影 Movie Exotica is an unusually tightly packed movie.
影片的各个部分彼此影响 相互交织 The way that the parts of it work together and are integrated,
从片名就开始体现出来 even starting simply from the title,
即Exotica一词(来自exotic异域的 外来的) from the very word "Exotica."
大家可能还有印象exotic这个词 You'll remember that the word "exotic"
数次在影片中的关键地方出现 comes up in a number of very striking places in the movie.
比如... For example... and of course,
当然我不会一五一十地全部找出来 I won't try to dot all the i's and cross all the t's here
举例来说 影片一开始 but for example, near the beginning of the movie
国税局的审计员弗朗西斯 when Francis, the auditor for Revenue Canada,
来到了宠物店 comes into the pet store.
他和宠物店老板汤姆斯... He and Thomas, the pet store owner...
汤姆斯是在父亲死后接手这家店的 he has taken it over after his father has died,
就像佐伊在母亲死后 much as Zoe has taken over Club Exotica
接手异域夜店一样 after her mother has died
问题来自于 The question comes up of
弗朗西斯进行审计的后屋是不是太热 whether the back room is too hot for Francis's decilion
弗朗西斯的话语间仿佛是认为 and Francis says something to the effect that he imagines
汤姆斯要格外注意温度 Thomas has to be careful about the temperature
因为这里都是外来动物 because of the exotic animals.
汤姆斯说 这些动物可比你想的坚强 And Thomas says that "the animals are hardier than you think."
可见从"异域"这个题眼中 So there's some interplay already presented to us
已经能看出一些上下关联 in this title about the exotic.
我们会认为 The exotic is the realm
来自异域的事物不那么坚强 where we might expect things not to be very hardy,
不那么能适应环境 not to be very tough,
但事实上 but it turns out
外来生物却强壮得超乎想象 that things in the exotic world are surprisingly strong.
这并不是说它们不受任何威胁 That doesn't mean they are not under threat.
它们当然受威胁 Of course they are.
而且有各种脆弱之处 They are faced with all kinds of vulnerabilities.
但是不管在宠物店还是在异域夜店 But the exotic in both the pet store and in Club Exotica,
外来事物成了 the exotic becomes something
一种人类力量的象征 that's a symbol of the human power or strength
不管是面临威胁 even when we're under threat,
还是遭受惨痛的创伤 even when we've undergone terrible traumas.
我们可以在影片中找到 There are a number of phrases or words like this
一系列这样的词汇 that one could trace through the movie.
我想这种含义表现最强烈的 I suppose the one that's made most prominent for us
是在伦纳德·科恩的歌曲 is made prominent through the Leonard Cohen song
"人尽皆知"中 "Everybody Knows",
也就是克莉斯汀娜跳少女舞蹈的背景音乐 the song that Christina dances the school girl dance to.
我已经把歌词给大家了 I've given you the words.
当然 这些不是完整的歌词 By the way, these aren't all the words to the song.
感兴趣的同学可能会发现 Those of you who are interested may find
歌曲的后半部分特别有意思 the continuation of the song especially interesting.
阿托姆·伊戈扬导演在影片中使用的歌词之后 The song takes a very distinctively religious turn
歌曲转向了一个明显的宗教主题 after the lyrics that Atom Egoyan uses in this movie.
而"人尽皆知"的声音不断出现 But the repetitive phrase "everybody knows"
则变成了一种钟声 is turned into a kind of bell
回荡在整部影片当中 that we are to listen for throughout the movie.
在一些关键时刻也确实都出现了 And it does occur at some other important points as well.
伦纳德·科恩的歌词 The Leonard Cohen lyrics,
仅从影片引用的部分而言 in so far as they are quoted here in the movie
让我们产生一种讥讽感 一种看到真相的感觉 set us up for a kind of cynicism, for a kind of knowingness,
仿佛我们通常 as if the form of knowledge
对性爱生活的理解 that we typically bring to erotic life
就是一种嘲笑 一种讥讽 一种可被还原的东西 is a kind of sneering, a cynicism, something reductive,
告诉我们其实人人都知道 something that tells us all everybody knows about that.
影片就是要让观众感受到 The movie means to confront you, the viewer,
这种讥讽感 这种真相所带来的冲突 with your own cynicism, with your own knowingness.
回忆一下影片一开始的场景 Think indeed the very first scene of the movie
汤姆斯正在过海关 when Thomas is coming through customs
而有人正在单向镜子后面监视着他 and he's been viewed from behind a one-way mirror.
我们听到一个海关职员的声音 And we hear a voice over of a customs agent
他在培训一个年轻职员 training the young customs agent
这个年轻职员后来同汤姆斯还有一场戏 who later on has an intriguing relationship to Thomas.
从单向镜子后面 From behind that one-way mirror,
我们自然成了得知真相的一方 of course we take on the position of the knower,
站在了获取真相的角度 the position of knowingness.
我们企图看到一个赤裸裸的他人 We want to see the other person in his bare nakedness.
企图从对方身上 We want to strip away from him
剥下一切伪装的成分 everything that might be a mask.
但是看到别人所有秘密的前提是 But the precondition of our stripping away somebody's secrets
我们自己戴上伪装 is that we put on a mask ourselves.
别人看我们的时候 When they try to look at us
他们看到的只是自己的影子 all they see is their own reflection.
所以伪装和真相这一主题 So the theme of knowledge
从影片一开始就已经 is already very problematic in this movie
显得是个大问题 from the very first scene.
可以说 掌握真相在影片中 Knowledge comes on stage, so to speak,
表现为一种力量 一种打破公平的力量 as a kind of power, as something unfair,
甚或是一种具有控制力的东西 indeed as something controlling,
这种东西充满监视的欲望 as something that intends surveillance.
不管我们想从爱人身上得到什么 Whatever it is we want from our lovers,
不管我们愿意向爱人 however much we might want to
展示多少真实的自己 expose ourselves to our lovers,
或是展示出完整的自己 to be completely known by them,
我们通常不太可能将此描述为 it's unlikely we would usually describe that
想要把自己置于对方的监视之下 by saying we want to be under their surveillance.
我们能把自己完全敞开吗? Can we open ourselves up?
我们能让自己变得脆弱吗? Can we make ourselves vulnerable?
当我们进入一个陌生的性爱世界的时候 Can we make the move into the exotic erotic realm,
能够免受那种威胁吗? and yet not be under the kind of threat
就像影片中所呈现的 that so much of the surveillance in this movie
无处不在的监视 seems to present?
影片中不断出现了很多彼此呼应的平行情节 The way that the movie constantly runs things in parallel
我想当今剧本创作者们所使用的这种手法 a lesson I suppose that every creator of drama
很大一部分是从莎士比亚那儿学来的 has learnt very much from Shakespeare in our own time
即通过平行情节相互补充解释 the way that parallel plots are mutually interpreting
本片导演阿托姆·伊戈扬 Atom Egoyan the director
在片中将这种手法使用得淋漓尽致 puts this to spectacular use in this movie.
比如 我们在海关职员的监视场景中 So that the first one-way mirror that we see
第一次看到了单向镜子 is the surveillance in the customs office.
而之后又在脱衣舞夜店看到了单向镜子 But the next one-way mirrors we see are in the strip club,
偷窥者的乐趣就在于看到别人 而不被别人看到 where it's the voyeur's delight in seeing without being seen,
掌控别人 而不暴露自己 in controlling without exposing himself to the others' power
单向镜子成了一种 that becomes the symbol of
防御性性爱的象征 a certain sort of defensive eroticism.
正如某处佐伊对克莉斯汀娜所说的 eroticism that is, as at one point Zoe says to Christina,
性爱是以某种方式保持距离 不触摸 a mode of detachment, a mode of not touching.
这样影片就担负起了一项沉重使命 So that the movie takes on a heavy burden
即解释触摸意味着什么 about explaining what touch would be,
允许别人触摸自己又意味着什么 what it would mean to allow yourself to be touched.
在讨论这个问题之前 我想给大家放一段... Before I take that theme up, I would like to show...
从影片中截取的6分钟左右的片段 oh, it's about a 6-minute or so clip from the movie.
也就是我发给大家的 This on the outline that I gave you
影片概要中的第17部分 comes in section 17 on the outline.
第16部分讲的是 佐伊在后屋 In section 16, Zoe is in the backroom,
从她母亲用过的东西中找衣服穿 choosing an outfit from among all her mother's paraphernalia,
像假发之类的东西 the wigs and so on.
恰在此时 克莉斯汀娜刚发现 And it turns out that Christina has just discovered,
或者说只是告诉佐伊 她发现了 or is just revealing to Zoe that she has discovered
佐伊和埃里克签的一份协议 a contract that Zoe and Eric have put together
规定埃里克让佐伊怀孕 for Zoe to become pregnant through Eric
但不享有父亲的权利 but to give Eric no parental rights.
佐伊这个名字在希腊语中意思是"生命" Zoe, whose name of course in Greek means "life,"
她只是想怀孕 herself wants pregnancy
但不想受婚姻关系的纠缠 but doesn't want the entanglements of a relationship.
对埃里克而言似乎也一样 And so too it seems for Eric.
正如埃里克所说 As Eric has said,
他对自己的感情需要格外谨慎 he has to be very careful about his own feelings.
他想要孩子 He wants a child,
但不想 but he doesn't want
对给他怀孩子的女人动感情 the feelings for the woman who would bear him that child.
就在克莉斯汀娜和佐伊这场戏之后 So after this scene of confrontation between Christina and Zoe,
出现了汤姆斯 他一直在歌剧院找伴侣 we see Thomas in his regular pursuit of opera dates
这次成功找到了一个 正是那个海关职员 has successfully landed the customs agent.
汤姆斯在歌剧院观察 We cut from a scene where Thomas is giving the eye
海关职员的场景过后 to the customs agent at the opera
影片又回到夜店 出现了克莉斯汀娜和弗朗西斯 to Christina and Francis at the club.
这会儿 我们听到了弗朗西斯对克莉斯汀娜说话 At this point we get to overhear what Francis says to Christina.
他对她说 怎么会有人伤害你 And what he says to her is "how could anyone hurt you,
把你从我身边带走 take you away from me."
这种戏剧性的重复似乎是 This is the dramatic repetition that seems to be
弗朗西斯和克莉斯汀娜之间关系的核心 at the heart of the erotic connection,
不管是性爱关系 还是别的什么 whatever it is, between Francis and Christina.
弗朗西斯起身去洗手间 埃里克跟着他进去 Francis leaves and Eric follows him into the men's room.
我给大家截取的片段就从这里开始 It's at this point that I want to show a clip from the movie
我们将看到一对平行场景 where we get the parallel plots running
一个情节关于汤姆斯和海关职员 between Thomas and the customs agent,
就是在单向镜子后 that man who has observed him
监视他的那个人 from behind the one-way mirror,
另一个情节是埃里克和弗朗西斯 and Eric with Francis.
这是什么家伙? What's this machine?
呃... 是个孵化器 Uh, uh, it's an incubator.
干嘛的? What's it for?
你说是干嘛的? Well, what do you think it's for?
孵蛋 Eggs.
没错 That's right.
是你的吗? Are they yours?
什么意思? What do you mean?
我是说 是你坐这上面还是怎样? I mean, shouldn't you be sitting on them or something?
哦 没错 Oh, yeah.
我想我放弃那个巢了 Well, I guess I've abandoned the nest.
里面是什么? What's inside of them?
呃... 蛋 Uh, the eggs.
是的 Yes.
呃... 是蓝紫金刚鹦鹉的蛋 Well, uh, Hyacinth Macaws
如果你非要知道的话 if you want to know the absolute truth.
哪儿来的? And where did you get them?
来自... 很远的地方 From... very far away.
嘿 去试试她 啊? Hey, check her out, eh?
我说你去试试她 I said check her out.
听到没? Yeah.
你在跟我说吗? You talking to me?
对 在跟你说话 Uh, yes, I'm talking to you.
什么?试试谁? What? Check who out?
给你跳舞的那个人儿 The babe that's dancing for you, man.
你为她可花了不少钱 哥们 You've given her quite a run for your money, man.
你什么意思? What do you mean by that?
她整晚都在为你跳舞 She's been dancing for you all night.
是的 Yeah.
没错 而且不止今晚 Yeah, and not just tonight.
其他晚上也见你和她在一起 I mean, I've noticed you with her other nights too.
你常来这儿...? You come in here all the time or...
没错 经常 Uh... yeah. All the time.
那种... 画面 你懂的 This... visuals, you know?
棒极了 It's good.
不过... But, uh...
她好像对你有点意思 不是吗 she seems to have a bit of a thing for you, doesn't she?
我们... 谈得来 We, uh... get along.
不言而喻 伙计 I'm sure you do, my friend.
你俩谈些什么 嗯? What do you two talk about, huh?
呃... 就是... 一般的话题 Oh, just, uh... the usual, I guess.
一般的? The usual?
我想你们谈的可不是什么"一般的" I don't think you're talking about what I would call "usual."
为什么? Why not?
我能看出来 Because I can tell.
你好像很紧张 哥们 You get pretty intense, my friend.
呃... 我本来就这个样子 Well, I guess that's just the way I am.
那... 喂 你干嘛不摸摸她 So, uh- Hey, why don't you give her a little touch, huh?
规定不能摸 You're not supposed to touch.
啊 但她等着你摸 相信我 Ah, but she is into it, believe me.
等着你 Yeah.
你怎么知道 How do you know?
人尽皆知 兄弟 Everybody knows, man.
相信我 伙计 Trust me, my friend.
相信我 轻轻摸一下 Trust me. Just a little touch.
不用太夸张 Nothing too drastic.
然后你浑身上下都能感受到 兄弟 Then you will get the full experience, my friend...
你会喜欢的 and you will love it.
你会喜欢的 嗯? You will love it. Okay?
我摸了会怎么样? And what happens when I touch her?
会怎么样? What happens?
你给我出去! You're outta here, man!
滚出去 Get out!
快走 Come on.
下去 Get down there.
快 快滚 Come on. Go.
喂 你在那找死啊? Hey, what the hell you doin'?
别挡路中间 Get off the road!
走开! Move!
有什么可笑的? What's so funny?
你摸着像个大猩猩 It's like pettin' a gorilla.
好 这个片段中发生了很多事 Now a lot of things are going on in this scene.
首先 First of all,
我们注意到埃里克说了"人尽皆知" we notice in Eric's mouth the words "everybody knows."
弗朗西斯问 When Francis says
你怎么知道她想让我摸她 "how do you know that she wants me to touch her,"
埃里克回答 "人尽皆知 摸摸她 你会喜欢的" Eric says "everybody knows, and if you do it, you will love it."
请大家思考两个平行情节间的关系 Think of the parallel here between the two plots.
一个关于外来宠物店老板汤玛斯 The plots of Thomas Pinto, exotic pet store owner,
另一个关于国家税务局的弗朗西斯 and a Francis, the internal revenue service agent.
弗朗西斯定期去异域夜店 Francis regularly comes to Club Exotica
找克莉斯汀娜 in order to be with Christina.
随着故事的进展 我们知道 We know, as the movie develops,
埃里克很嫉妒 that Eric is jealous of
他们两人之间的关系 the connection that Christina has with Francis,
通过平行情节 这一点尤为明显 in fact find this out most explicitly in a parallel scene.
请看影片概要的第24部分 This is No. 24 on the movie outline
这里讲的是弗朗西斯让汤姆斯去做卧底 after Francis has sent Thomas in as his spy,
监视主题的又一体现 another part of the surveillance theme.
汤姆斯在和克莉斯汀娜的 And when Thomas after having
一段热烈的谈话结束后 an intense conversation with Christina
去厕所 has gone to the washroom,
埃里克同样跟了进去 同他说话 Eric again enters to talk to him.
他向汤姆斯提到了弗朗西斯 And he tells Thomas about Francis
并说弗朗西斯不如汤姆斯 but says that Francis, unlike Thomas,
从来不真正了解克莉斯汀娜 never gets to know Christina.
汤姆斯问"你怎么知道?" Thomas says "how do you know this?"
埃里克告诉他 他曾是克莉斯汀娜的男朋友 and Eric tells Thomas that he was Christina's lover.
可见这两个情节有着密切关联 So these two scenes are working closely together.
这里的触摸究竟是个怎样的问题? What is going on here with the problem about touching?
这和这家男性夜店里 It's part of the erotic game
性爱游戏的规定有关 being played in this gentlemen's club
即需要保持距离 that detachment is maintained.
也就是说 客人不能乱摸 That is that there is no touching.
因此我们看到客人们的脸上 This is why when we see faces of the customers,
并看不到多少享受的表情 they don't seem like they are having much fun.
他们脸上写得清清楚楚的是 They are putting on a face that makes it clear
他们也都在保持着一种距离 that they too are maintaining a kind of distance.
他们跟舞者之间并不很友好 They are not being friendly with the dancers,
姑且委婉地称这些人为舞者 as we say, euphemistically.
他们观察的眼神冷酷而僵硬 They are observing them with a stone, cold stare.
显然弗朗西斯在此获得的并非这些 Clearly this is not what Francis gets out of the club.
他来夜店 By coming to the club,
是在躲避自己女儿被杀害所带来的创伤 Francis is replaying the own trauma of his daughter's murder.
影片之后还会进一步交代 We find this out more fully later.
但这里已经暗示了出来 But it's revealed to us in this very scene.
弗朗西斯问"摸了她会怎么样"的时候 When Francis asks "what happens when I touch her,"
影片中闪过了他妻子和女儿的画面 we flash back to a video of his wife and his daughter.
对他而言 触摸会让他想起死亡的悲恸 For Francis, touching brings back to him the pain of the death
先是他的女儿 几个月后他的妻子也离去 of first his daughter and then a few months later, of his wife.
所以弗朗西斯在问 So when Thomas [Francis] asks
"我摸了她会怎么样"的时候 "what happens when I touch Christina,"
他想的是 在他的生命中 he's wondering if ever again in his life,
有没有可能再同他的 there can be the kind of connection
妻子女儿产生联系 that he had to his wife and daughter,
而不用经受由她们的死 without the kind of pain that their deaths,
她们的受害所带来的伤痛 and indeed one of their murders, has induced in him.
他从克莉斯汀娜身上获得的正是这样一种慰藉 What he gets from Christina is a kind of therapy,
因为他能把自己看作她的保护者 because he can see himself as her protector.
他设想自己是这样一个角色 He projects himself into that role;
称克莉斯汀娜是他的天使 he calls her his angel.
但很显然 But of course
他没有意识到克莉斯汀娜并非他的女儿 he doesn't differentiate Christina from his daughter.
他一次次去异域夜店 He goes to Club Exotica over and over again
去做无法为 to do what he couldn't do
他弃尸于野外的女儿做的事 for the girl who's found murdered in the field,
那就是保护她 to protect her.
对他而言 穿着花格裙子 For him, Christina doing
跳天真少女舞蹈的克莉斯汀娜 the school girl innocence dance in her tartan skirt,
一些同学的柜子里可能也有这样一条裙子 maybe some of you have one in your closet somewhere.
在她跳天真少女舞蹈的时候 When she does the school girl dance,
弗朗西斯看到的是一个他能保护的女儿 what he sees is the daughter he can protect now.
我们会以为这是一部关于性的电影 We, we expect this movie to be about sex.
结果它却是关于性爱的 It turns out it's about eros,
有时候性爱与性完全是两码事 and sometimes that's not about sex at all.
我第一次看这部电影时 One of the most powerful moments for me,
给我震撼最强烈的 I think, when I first saw this movie,
是在回想 came when I reflected back
我在看到一些情节的反应时 on my own reactions to some of these scenes
发现自己在解读这些情节时犯了多大的错误 and how falsely I understood them or framed them.
请看电影概要中的第7部分 影片刚开始不久 No. 7 on the movie outline is near the beginning of the movie
我们对里面的人物关系还不是很了解 before you know very much about what's happened.
弗朗西斯开着车来到一个乱糟糟的地方 Francis is driving his car in a tough neighborhood
副驾驶坐着一头金发的特雷西 and there's this blond-, rather empty-headed teenager Tracy
显得不懂世故 in the passenger seat,
当然我们后来会发现她很时髦 though you'll notice she's up-to-date
从来不忘系安全带 and that she always wears a seat belt.
弗朗西斯给她钱 Francis gives her money and asks
问她下周四有没有空 if she's available next Thursday,
她说当然有 and she says "sure."
她下车的时候 And then when she's getting out of the car,
弗朗西斯说"向你爸问好" Francis says "say hi to your dad."
我第一次看这电影的时候 Now the first time I saw that movie,
觉得这情景太恶心了 I realize that was a really icky scene,
因为我以为她是个妓女 because I thought she was a whore.
弗朗西斯从她爸那儿租了她 He's renting her body out from her dad.
还有什么比这更丧失人性的? What can be an ickier scene than that?
还真有 这人竟还是他的侄女 Well here's an ickier scene—it's his niece.
他要见她的原因 And the reason that he sees her
同样是逃避 is so he doesn't have to
女儿的死带来的伤痛 face the pain that his daughter was murdered,
所以还是让特雷西做他女儿的小保姆 so that he repeats scenes of Tracy being a babysitter
和以前一样 for his daughter.
这就是我当时的反应 What was it about me,
我想在座的一些同学也如此 I take it it was the same thing about some of you,
我们一心以为电影要讲的是卖淫 that made me so ready to see this as a scene of prostitution
并且料想着故事下一步的进展 and to expect the movie to go off in ways
会和我们看过上百遍 that we've no doubt all seen a hundred times
或至少几十遍的情节一样 or at least a few dozen.
我们成了偷窥者 We are the voyeurs.
电影将我们置于镜子之后 This movie puts us behind the mirror,
让我们去看这些人的痛苦 and lets us watch the pain of these people
做出错误的解读 和电影里的人物躲猫猫 and misinterpret it and play guard with them.
电影在拷问我们"人尽皆知的是什么" And it asks us "what does everybody know?"
"你认为你知道些什么?" "What do you think you know?"
如果有人想的和我当时想的一样 And if some of you think you knew what I thought I knew,
那就做了恶人了 you are pretty bad people.
为什么我们成了这样的人 Why are we the kind of people
看到那种场景之后 who see that scene
就自然而然地做出了这样的理解? and have such an obvious frame for it?
电影以此试图让我们认清自己 So the movie's trying to confront us with the fact
我们多么容易让自己成为那个偷窥者 that we so easily take up the voyeur role,
尤其是看电影的时候 particularly when we watch a movie.
电影似乎就是为爱偷窥的人发明的 Movies seem to have been invented for voyeurs,
至少电影所瞄准的就是很多这样的人 at least they've been marketed to a lot of them.
弗朗西斯尽其所能地在特雷西 So Francis is trying desperately through repetition with Tracy,
和克莉斯汀娜身上 with Christina,
不断试图找到一种为人父的感觉 trying desperately to hang on to a sense of himself as a father,
成为一个能保护 as somebody who could protect
他天使般的女儿的人 his daughter who was his angel.
因此有一点并不奇怪 It's not so surprising
就是克莉斯汀娜在与汤姆斯交谈时 that later on when Christina is talking to Thomas,
说弗朗西斯真是个自作孽的人 she says Francis is so fucked up.
确实如此 He sure is.
渐渐地 Somehow for him,
保护女儿这件事蒙上了一层性爱色彩 the protection of his daughter has become eroticized.
他对自己男性力量的意识 His sense of his own power, of his own manliness,
已经因为女儿的惨案而减淡 has been so compromised by the murder of his daughter
以致于他在试图找回这种意识的过程中 that his attempt to recapture it
冲破了性的边界 pushes him into a sexual realm
而这一点在他女儿身上是不会出现的 that of course he never would have had with his own daughter.
他是怎么做的? How does he do this?
又怎么重新找回自己? How does he recover from it?
贯穿电影的主题之一就是怎么寻找慰藉 The movie's saturated with the problem of therapy,
怎么治愈一些东西 或者说怎么治疗 with the problem of curing something, or treating something.
异域夜店明确否认是个疗伤的场所 Club Exotica officially denies that it's for therapy.
而是供娱乐的 It says it's for entertainment.
但这同时又引发了一个问题 But it raises the question in our minds
我们所谓的娱乐 how much of what we call entertainment
多大程度上正是做疗伤之用的呢? is in fact a search after some kind of therapy.
我们重新回到刚才播放的片段中 Let me go back to the scene that we showed in the clip.
弗朗西斯打破了 We have Francis breaking
他与克莉斯汀娜之间的界线 a boundary that he set up with Christina,
一条关于触摸 关于真正的性接触的界线 a boundary about touching, about real sexual contact.
这一界线一定程度上 This boundary is preserved in part
是靠金钱的交换维持的 through the exchange of money.
正因为弗朗西斯给克莉斯汀娜钱 Because Francis is paying Christina
他给特雷西钱也是同样 and indeed because he's paying Tracy as well,
所以他才能在他们的关系中占据主动 he is able to maintain control in the situation.
他才能够保持距离 He is able to remain detached.
金钱 报酬 是一种掌握主动的途径 Money, payment, is the means of control.
推荐大家再去看一下电影 It's worth your while to go back through this movie
看看钱 看看钱的交换 and watch the money, watch the exchanges of money,
看看这个主题多么突显 watch how prominent it is,
看看人们在付钱的时候 how people hold the money up
怎么把钱举得高高的 when they are going to pay somebody.
在汤姆斯的平行情节中 也有钱的主题 We see this in the parallel plot with Thomas.
他对钱的处理是拒绝 Thomas's way with money is to refuse to take money
从他在歌剧院搭讪的那些男子那儿拿钱 from the pretty boys he picks up outside the opera.
因为一旦他拿了演出门票的钱 Because if he takes money from them for the ticket,
他们之间就平等了 they become equal.
而只要他是给予的一方 But if he maintains the position of being the gift-giver,
他就能在与对方的关系中处于掌控地位 he's the one in control of the interaction.
把钱还给他们 So by giving back their money,
他就维持住了双方的距离 he maintains his own detachment.
而在海关职员那里 It seems that in the case of the customs agent,
汤姆斯打破了这个惯例 Thomas has broken down their boundary.
我们得假设 海关职员也是 The customs agent, we have to assume,
汤姆斯在芭蕾舞剧院外偶然遇见的 he also met outside the ballet house.
不同的是 这次汤姆斯拿了钱 But this time Thomas took the money,
因为他想跟那人建立一种性爱关系 because he wanted to pursue an erotic relationship,
我们在片段中也看到了这一点 which is what we see in this scene.
在异域夜店 So the scene in Club Exotica
弗朗西斯以我们所能想象的 when Francis, in about as non-sexual a way
最不含性因素的摸一个脱衣舞女的方式 as one could imagine reaching out to tough a stripper,
伸出手放到了克莉斯汀娜身上 reaches out and puts his hand on Christina,
在此 弗朗西斯逾越了界线 that's a scene of Francis breaking a boundary.
在弗朗西斯 The immediately following scene
被赶出夜店之后 right after Francis is thrown out
紧接着影片又回到了汤姆斯的公寓中 takes us back to Thomas's apartment
正是他被海关职员 and it's the scene
像一只大猩猩那样摸着 where he's petted like a gorilla by the customs agent.
可见伊戈扬导演使用了一系列平行情节 So Atom Egoyan the director has run a set of parallel scenes
其中使用触摸和金钱交换的场景 where he uses touching and exchanging money
来破坏我们对于亲昵的感受 to prey upon our own sense of intimacies,
接受亲昵也好 拒绝或是控制亲昵也罢 intimacies accepted and intimacies rejected or controlled.
也破坏那种需要我们越过界线获取亲昵的欲望 the desire for intimacy that have to cross a boundary,
这条界线正是弗朗西斯和汤姆斯 that Francis and Thomas,
也许不只是他们两个人 所试图维持的 and maybe not just Francis and Thomas, try to preserve.
两人打破界线的行为都导致了损失 This boundary-breaking in both cases is a disaster.
弗朗西斯失去的是"女儿" Francis loses his "daughter,"
那个女人能让他 loses that woman who
在保护和脆弱的周而复始中 in this repetition of protection and vulnerability
感受到自己的女儿还活着 allows him to feel his daughter's still alive.
汤姆斯失去了什么? What does Thomas lose?
他失去的刚好是 Well, Thomas happens to lose
他绑在腰间偷运回来的受精蛋 the fertilized eggs that were strapped around his belly.
可以说 汤姆斯失去了妊娠 Thomas loses his pregnancy
因此 汤姆斯的这一情节 So that the parallel plot of Thomas
与佐伊和埃里克以及他们关于生小孩的协议 also inserts itself into the plot with Zoe and Eric
这些内容之间又构成了平行关系 and their contract for Zoe's child.
佐伊和埃里克之间的协议又一次体现了 The contract between Zoe and Eric was once again an example
钱在这里是怎么被用作 of the way money is being used here
一种控制的工具的 as an instrument of control,
或者说一种保持距离的方式 as a mode of detachment.
因为协议中说明了 Because there is a contract that spells out
佐伊和埃里克各自得到什么 what Zoe gets and what Eric gets,
因为这些在协议中说明白了 because there is a contract that spells this out,
因此他们之间就不存在我们所想的 there's to be no involvement of what you might think of
对于这次怀孕的应有的感情 as their natural feelings about this pregnancy,
也就是佐伊该有的对孩子父亲的感情 Zoe's natural feelings for the father of this child
以及埃里克该有的 and Eric's natural feelings
可能不是对孩子母亲 而是对孩子的感情 not so much for the mother of the child as for the child itself.
而这正是协议中写的清清楚楚的 That's what the contract specifies:
佐伊不能对埃里克有什么要求 Zoe will have no demands on Eric
而埃里克也不能对孩子动什么心 and Eric will have no rights to the child.
伊戈扬又一次使用了平行情节 So once again Egoyan is using these parallel plots
让我们直面一系列关于性爱生活的问题 to try to confront us with a set of issues about erotic life
若不以这样的方式可能难以探讨和触及的问题 that might otherwise be hard to approach, hard to get at,
即我们怎么会既想拥有触摸的亲密 issues about how we might desire both the intimacy of touch
又想保持距离 划清界线 达成协议 but also the boundaries of detachment, of contract,
要有清清楚楚的交换物 of having a clear quid pro quo
你得到什么 我有得到什么 都弄得一清二楚 that would define what one gets and what the other receives.
我前面说过 在影片中有好几处 I've mentioned that there are a number of places where,
在看第一遍的时候 it seems to me on first viewing of this movie,
我或者说是我们感到意外 I and perhaps we are surprised,
比如一开始我们把特雷西当成了妓女 the early scene where Tracy when we take her to be prostitute,
而其实他是给人家看孩子的小保姆 it turns out she is a babysitter.
而在影片结尾处 The much later scene right toward the end of the movie
我们很多人的期待 where I think many of our expectations
或者说希望故事那样发展的愿望 or our anxieties for the scene
又一次破灭了 are not met,
那就是弗朗西斯 comes when Francis
躲在异域夜店外拐角处的一幕 is hiding around the corner from Club Exotica with a gun,
手里拿着从汤姆斯那儿拿来的枪 the gun of course that he got from Thomas
汤姆斯又是从他父亲那儿继承下来的 and ultimately from Thomas's father.
这时埃里克从停车场那头朝他走来 And Eric comes toward him across the parking lot.
埃里克说他都知道 And Eric says that he knows.
他说"我知道你的一切" He says "I know everything about you."
伊戈扬在此采用了视觉手段 Here, Egoyan does something visually
我觉得很精彩 that seems to me quite stunning.
我想很多人等着弗朗西斯对埃里克开枪 I think a lot of first viewers expect Francis to shoot Eric.
这几乎是完全合理的一个结果 It seems like a reasonable enough thing to do.
但相反 他抱了埃里克 But instead, he embraces him.
弗朗西斯双手搂住埃里克 So Francis puts his arms around Eric
埃里克则把头靠在弗朗西斯肩上 and Eric puts his head on Francis's shoulder.
紧接着 影片又闪回了在野外的场景 Immediately after this, we flash back to the scene in the field,
一群人正在搜寻 where there is a search party looking for
弗朗西斯遭谋杀的女儿的尸体 the body of Francis's murdered daughter.
克莉斯汀娜和埃里克走在一起 And Christina and Eric are walking together
突然看到了尸体 when they spot the body.
克莉斯汀娜转过身 把脑袋放在埃里克肩上 And Christina turns and puts her head on Eric's shoulder
埃里克则双手搂住了她 as he puts his arms around her.
所以弗朗西斯拥抱埃里克的情景可以说是 So that there is a visual quotation of Francis embracing Eric
从埃里克拥抱克莉斯汀娜那儿做了视觉引用 in the scene of Eric embracing Christina.
令这一引用更为有力的是 And to make the quotation even more potent,
我们发现两个场景中 it turns out that in both of those scenes,
克莉斯汀娜和埃里克 Christina and Eric
都有着又长又卷的黑色头发 are both shown to have long, curly, black hair.
由此 电影的结尾 So the end of the movie
向我们传达了修复 疗伤这样的概念 drives us towards some notion of repair, of therapy,
但并不是说人人都渡过难关 皆大欢喜了 but not as if everybody is happy and gets over all his traumas.
每个人自己的慰藉某种程度上 Somehow that their own therapy
是对他人伤痛的一种包涵 involves their acceptance of the pain of the others.
对弗朗西斯尤为如此 And particularly with Francis.
正是他对埃里克经受的苦痛的包涵 It's his accepting of Eric's pain that
使得他去拥抱了埃里克而不是开枪 allows him to embracing Eric rather than to shoot him.
由此而言 电影结尾出现了一个充满希望的注脚 So the movie ends on a hopeful note in that respect,
这个注脚表明 性爱生活的一大部分 a note that seems to suggest that much of erotic life,
远超过一般的观众所能想象的一大部分... much more than the typical movie goer might have thought,
一般的电影观众 the typical movie goer
只会寻求窥探的乐趣 who's obsessed with the pleasures of voyeurism,
这才会去看一部叫做异域夜店的电影 and therefore comes to a movie called Exotica,
这注脚表明 性爱生活远不是这些人想的那样 much more than the typical movie viewer might think,
而是关于对创伤 erotic life is a matter of responding to trauma,
对残缺 对需求的回应 to brokenness, to neediness.
又由于性爱生活能够维持 And in so far as erotic life can maintain
人类生活中的一些积极价值 some sort of positive value in human life,
它也要求我们 it will require us
去包容他人的残缺和创伤 to accept that brokenness, and that trauma in others.
这并不能去除我们自己生命中的伤痕 That won't get rid of the trauma in our own lives.
但至少能让我们的生活不那么艰难 But it will at least make our lives livable,
能够让我们逃离 will allow us to escape
纠缠弗朗西斯的那种空洞无尽的循环 the empty repetition that Francis is caught in.
影片中的最后一幕 The very last scene in this movie,
我想是让人心碎的一幕 I think a really heartbreaking scene,
我们终于知道了弗朗西斯的妻子和女儿 we finally find out where that little video clip
在钢琴边的那段视频片段是从哪儿来的了 of Francis's wife and daughter at the piano came from.
这是克莉斯汀娜来照看小孩之前 It came from Francis taking a video
弗朗西斯拍下的 just before Christina comes to babysit.
他走去开门 And he goes over and opens the door and,
我们眼前一惊 这个异域夜店的舞女 in a bit of visual shock, this vixen from Club Exotica
还是一副甩着麻花辫的14岁小姑娘的容貌 looks like a 14-year-old girl with pigtails.
照看孩子的小保姆同主人间的关系有多亲昵? What is the intimacy of babysitting?
影片试图解答这个问题 This movie is trying to think about that.
为什么... Why is it...
我想我要说的并不是什么新鲜事 I take it that this is not an uncommon experience.
为什么很多小保姆 Why is it that lots of babysitters
在拿钱的时候都怪怪的 feel a little funny about taking the money,
至少她们从来都不数 at least they never count it?
我想之后肯定会数 I'm sure they do later.
但你给她钱的时候她不数 When you give it to them they don't count it.
很多小保姆甚至不问你 Most babysitters don't even ask you
会给多少报酬 how much you are going to pay,
这点很糟 因为狡诈的人很多 which is too bad because a lot of people are really cheap
欺骗那些小保姆 and cheat their babysitters.
克莉斯汀娜给弗朗西斯照看他的小孩 Christina is embarrassed to take the money
但她从这个布朗先生那儿拿钱却显得很尴尬 from Mr. Brown, from Francis for babysitting,
因为她觉得她和弗朗西斯之间如此亲密 because she realizes that she's too intimately related to him
以至于两人之间不是一纸协议那么简单 for this just to be a contact.
照看别人家的小孩是一个非常亲昵的行为 Taking care of somebody's children is a very intimate act.
但这并不意味就不该拿钱 That doesn't mean that you should refuse to take money for it.
教哲学也是一种相当亲昵的行为 After all teaching philosophy's a pretty intimate act
但我还是打算领报酬的 and I'm planned to be paid for that.
这是苏格拉底提出的一个问题 It's a regular problem about Socrates.
他认为 He suggested that
因为给人传授哲学而拿钱 there is something really wrong with taking money,
是非常错误的做法 for practicing philosophy with people,
这不是因为哲学一文不值 not because philosophy wasn't worth anything
当然有人对此存有异议 where, well, some people had their suspicions,
而是因为它太过亲昵 太过接近了 but because it was too intimate, it was too close,
是一个充满人性的行为 was too human an interaction.
这部影片也是如此看待照看人家小孩这事的 That's the way this movie sees babysitting.
因此 And so
在这最后一幕再次复现 the repetition of the question of intimacy vs. boundaries
亲昵与界线这一对关系问题承载了 at the very last scene has been loaded up
整部电影所要揭示的意义 with significance throughout the entire movie.
我想 有一个答案我们直到最后一幕才明白 What we didn't know until I think that last scene
那就是汤姆斯问过克莉斯汀娜的一个问题 was the answer to Thomas's question to Christina
汤姆斯在异域夜店这么问过 when he talks to her in Club Exotica,
他为你做过什么? the question "what does he do for you?"
她只能结巴地说出 She can say only in stumbling words
他为我做了这些 我为他做了这些 "he does this thing for me and I do this thing for him."
事实上 弗朗西斯为克莉斯汀娜做过的只是 It turns out the only thing Francis Brown did for Christina was
聆听她的讲话 并看着她 仿佛她讲的很重要 to listen to her and to look at her as if she was worth hearing,
很明显 something that apparently
这是她的家庭生活中所缺少的 she didn't experience around her household.
她是不是受过 Whether we are to understand
肉体或精神的折磨我们不必管 that she was physically or emotionally abused or not,
明白一点就足够了 perhaps it's enough just to say that,
那就是对于这样一个十四五岁 for her, at that particular age,14, 15,
或者不管多大的女孩而言 however old she's supposed to be,
只要有一个成人能同她交谈 觉得她很重要 just to have a grown-up talk to her as if she's worth hearing
就能对她产生重大的影响 had a tremendous impact on her.
所以影片最后 So that the last scene
通过重复之前的场景 with all of its replays of the earlier scene,
比如送特雷西下车 dropping off Tracy,
以及关于亲昵和界线的各种问题 all the questions about intimacy and about boundaries,
是在表明 the last scene suggests
一些看似简单的东西可能会让 that something that might look very simple might have made
这些人的生活发生重大改变 a tremendous difference in the lives of these characters.
关于那只鸟我还想说一点 Let me say one thing about the bird,
就是那只出现多次的 the Hyacinth Macaws that appear
蓝紫金刚鹦鹉 in a number of places in this movie.
大家会发现在异域夜店有一只 You'll notice that there is one in Club Exotica,
在宠物店也有一只夺人眼球 there's one prominently displayed at the exotic pet store,
弗朗西斯的兄弟 特雷西的爸爸 and Herold has one on his shoulder—
赫罗尔德肩上也有一只 that is Francis's brother, Tracy's dad.
影片中 蓝紫金刚鹦鹉 The Hyacinth Macaw in this movie
是被赋予生命的动物 is the thing that's given birth.
汤姆斯的受精蛋正是这种鹦鹉的蛋 It's what in those eggs of Thomas's.
我觉得 It seems to me
导演正是以此作为一种生命的象征 that the director uses it as a kind of symbol of life.
这正是电影开始的时候弗朗西斯在宠物店 It's a symbol of what Francis says
对汤姆斯说的话中触及的一种观念 when he's talking to Thomas early on at the pet store
即外来的东西同样可以很坚强 the notion that something can be exotic and still be hardy.
因此 蓝紫金刚鹦鹉的多次出现就是要告诉我们 So that the reappearance of the Hyacinth Macaw is to tell us
即便面临创伤又受性爱困扰 that a kind of rebirth is possible
重生也是可能的 even in the face of eroticized trauma.
影片中的一个个生命向我们展示了一种可能性 The sight of all of these lives gives a possibility,
当然不是每个人都能利用好这种可能性 a possibility not everyone would take advantage of, to be sure,
但它却永远存在 but one that's always there.
一部关于脱衣舞夜店的电影却是一部 How a movie about a strip club
试图通过一系列重复 turned out in fact to be a movie about the attempt
探寻如何治愈创伤的电影 through repetition to heal trauma
我想这是一个很有意思的问题 seems to me a very interesting question.
谁知道阿托姆·伊戈扬是怎么想到这个思路的 Who knows how Atom Egoyan came up with that idea?
不是谁都知道 也许只有上帝知道 Not everybody, maybe God.
下周三再见 See you Wednesday.