请大家听我说一下 Can I have your attention please
耽搁大家30秒钟左右的时间 Just for like 30 seconds
我知道你们中有很多人对商业感兴趣 I know many of you are interested in business
我在这里为商业领导会议做个宣传 I'd like to make a plug for the Business Leadership Conference
这个项目一般在新生周启动 It's a program that takes place in freshman week
你将会和哈佛商学院的教授们一起上课 You take classes with HBS professors
你将会见到顶级的招聘者 You get to meet top recruiters
他们来自银行、对冲基金公司和咨询公司 from banks, hedge funds, consulting companies
你还可以在查尔斯酒店免费就餐 You get free dinners at the Charles Hotel
由哈佛大学学生会负责 It's run by HSA
哈佛大学学生会企业中心 The HSA center for enterprise
我们每年会接收约一百位申请者 We take about a hundred applicants every year
我鼓励你们大家申请 I would encourage all of you to apply
特别是对商学院感兴趣的同学 especially if you're interested in business school
还有正在为招聘季做准备的大三学生 Or if you're a junior gearing up for recruiting season
在这里你们可以在招聘季开始前就着手 You get to make these contacts before recruiting season starts
这个活动的覆盖率很广 BLP's great exposure
截止日期是五月七日 本周日 The deadline is this Sunday, May 7th and
想获取更多信息请登录哈佛大学学生会网站 www.HSA.net You can get more information at the HSA website, www.HSA.net
访问企业中心 Just go to the center for enterprise
可以在网上直接申请 And application will be up online
谢谢 Thanks
所以这是我们最后一节课 So this is our last class
我们还有很多内容要讲 And we have a lot to get through
所以我接着上节课的结尾继续讲 So I'm going to begin, begin with the end
在我们总结之前 before I go into the summary mode
我想做总结 which I wanna do
因为我觉得把我们课上讨论过的想法和主意 Because I think it is important to just
整合在一起是很重要的 Put together some of the ideas that we discussed in class
我今天想结束上周一开始讲的内容 I wanna finish the last lecture that I started last Monday
关于污秽之手 About dirty hands
记得我问过一个问题 And remember the question that I asked
然后Sartre问过 Then that Sartre essentially asked
Badaracco教授也问过的 And that professor Badaracco ask
领导者有可能不犯错地领导吗？ Is it possible to lead, to govern innocently?
作为领导 有可能保证双手不肮脏吗？ Is it possible to lead without getting your hands dirty?
我的答案是 And my answer to that was
不可能 That it wasn't possible
一个领导者不可能置身事外干干净净 That to be a leader requires getting our hands dirty
为什么 Why
因为身为一个领导必须 Because to be a leader requires very
常常在对和对之间做选择 often to choose between right and right
那么问题是 And the question then is
我们怎么做出选择？ How do we make these choices?
我们怎么选择？ How do we make the choice
例如 For instance
要不要裁掉一个不尽职尽责、拖沓不积极的人 Between laying off someone who's not pulling his weight in the organization
因此，是伤害他或者是任其继续下去 And thereby hurting the person or keeping that person on
该怎么作出这些艰难的决定 How do we make these difficult decisions
我们谈到过Levis的Robert Haas We talked about Robert Haas from Levis
我们不想解雇 We didn't want to fire
那些想要保持生产正常运转的人 People who wanted to keep local manufacturing going on
结果他和公司最终付出的代价是 And the price that he and the organization eventually paid
裁员16,000人 Was sixteen thousand layoffs
29家工厂倒闭 And 29 plants closed
这是一些很艰难的决定 These are tough decisions to make
或者是政治领导人不得不做的决定 Or the decisions that political leaders have to make
你怎样定义生命? How do you define life
你要宣战吗 Do you go to war
这些问题总是 These are right, always
要在正确与正确之间抉择 Right versus right decisions
你怎么作出决定呢？ And how do you make these decisions
我们开始谈谈 And we started talking about it
首先我们谈的是 And the first thing we talked about was
你需要划分你的价值等级 That you need to clarify your hierarchy of values
对于你而言 最重要的事情是什么？ What are the most important things for you?
这很简单 你会骗那些 So it's no-brainer that you would lie to someone
问你照看的孩子去哪儿了的人 who ask you, you know, where are the children that you're babysitting
这很简单 That's a no-brainer
是简单的正确与正确之间的选择题 That's an easy right versus right
是的，拯救生命当然是正确的 Yeah, of course it's right to save lives
它比诚实更重要 And it's higher on the hierarchy than being honest
但是还有些很难的决定 But there're decisions are so difficult and
只有在你心中把价值等级划分好 Only if you clarify your heart your hierarchy values
你才能在两 三个选项或者更多的选项中做出最正确的决定 Can you make the more right decision out of the two or three options or more
所以我们需要时间思考 And for that we need to take time to reflect
记得与奥普拉的采访中Nelson Mandela说过 Remember what Nelson Mandela said in the interview with Oprah
她开玩笑问Nelson Mandela You know she made fun of him saying
你需要27年来思考么 Did you need twenty seven years to reflect
他的回答是领导者需要 But what he said was that leaders need it
因为领导力的成长是个人的发展 Because leadership development is personal development
它们是一样的 They're one and the same
为了个人的发展 And in order to personal development
为了弄清楚我就是一个怎样的领导者 In order to clarify what am I about is a leader
我一开始为什么要这么做 Why am I doing it in the first place
我们需要抽出时间 We need to take time aside
我给公司组织做的实验之一 One of the interventions that I introduce into organizations
是最开始的干预实验之一 One of the first interventions
也是这么多年过去最成功的一次 and has been the most successful over the years
就是我把领导者们带离公司 is I take the leaders away
没有特别的行程 with no particular agenda
我们就只是简单地闲逛了一个周末 We going and we just hang out for a weekend
因为现在的领导者们都没有时间 because leaders while don't have time today
他们是忙碌的 总是公司组织里最忙碌的 are the busy, often the busiest in the organization
他们是最需要休息时间的人 They're the ones who need the most time off
跟他们应该工作的时间量大大相反 So it works the opposite of the way it's supposed to work
领导者应该利用更多的时间坐下来好好思考 Leaders are supposed to have much more time to reflect and sit down
但他们反而比谁都要忙碌 Instead they're running around usually more than anyone else
我把领导者们带出了组织 So my time with the leaders out of the organization
给他们自己的时间 gives them time aside
在没有任何行程的离开发生了一切令人难以置信的事 It is incredible what happens on these retreats with no agenda
最好的想法出现了 The best ideas come up
最好的策划出现了 The best plans come up
对于一个领导 对于你们 It is important for a leader for you
作为一个领导者或者未来的领导者 as a current leader, future leader
休息很重要 to take time off
这才是最出色的领导者的标志 It's the mark of all great leaders
然后是关于提问 And then it's about asking questions
在正确与正确的决定中做选择不简单 Right versus right decisions don't have easy answers
花时间把这些问题分类很重要 And it's more important to spend a lot of time clarifying these questions
在周一我对Seth Klarman 的采访中 in the interview that I had on Monday with Seth Klarman
Seth Klarman 是最成功的企业家和投资者之一 One of the most successful entrepreneurs and investors
在美国 也是在全世界 In this country hence in the world
他说了什么 What did he talk about?
他怎么做这些艰难的道德决定呢？ How does he make difficult ethical decisions
他问了一些问题 He asks questions
如果新闻明天出现在华尔街报上怎么办 Like what would it be like if it appeared in The Wall Street Journal tomorrow
我的孩子们会怎么想 What would my children think about it
如果他们知道了 If they knew it
还有另一些问题 These are some of the questions that
我的偶像会这么做吗 what, would my role model do it
Seth谈到了马丁路德金 He talked about Martin Luther King
在这种处境下 他会怎么做 What would he has done in this situation
作为一名教师 You know as a teacher
我的偶像是Marvel Collins My role model is Marvel Collins
我会问自己在这种处境下Marvel Collins会怎么做 I ask what would Marvel Collins has done in this situation
我给你们读一段节选自《波士顿环球报》专栏的文字 Let me read you an excerpt from the Boston Globe Op-ed
这段文字让我印象深刻 which really caught my attention
是专栏作家Jeff Jacoby 写的 It's by Jeff Jacoby who is a columnist
他每周都会写文章 who writes every week
在全国上下对Terri Schiavo事件热烈讨论期间 他写了一篇专栏 and he wrote an op-ed during the Terri Schiavo, debate throughout the country
她该不该活着 Should be she kept alive or not
他写了一篇题为《祈求确定的答案》的专栏文章 And he wrote an Op-ed which titled Praying for Certainty
我只是从专栏文章中节选了一些 Here are just excerpts from it
不像许多关于Terri Schiavo 事件的评论 Unlike many of those weighing on the Terri Schiavo matter
我很难给予自己一种泡沫般的愤怒的笃信 I'm having trouble working myself into a lather of outraged certainty
那就是Michael Schiavo 严重残疾的妻子 Is Michael Schiavo profoundly disabled wife
到底是像许多人坚信的那样会是持久性植物人状态 in a persistent vegetative state as so many insist
还是像其他人认为的那样 至少模糊地知道自己的状况？ Or is others claim at least dimly aware of her circumstances
她的状况真的不可逆转了么 Is her condition quite irreversible?
还是她会重新恢复意识？ Or might she yet regained consciousness
堪萨斯的Sarah在昏迷了20年后 在上个月醒过来了 Sarah Scantlin of Hutchinson Kansas did last month after twenty years in a coma
我不能肯定 I couldn't say for sure
怎么会有这么多人能这么肯定 How is it that so many others can
甚至是假设 也很难应付 even as hypotheticals these are tough to wrestle with
你希望你的爱人让你活着吗？ Do you want your loved ones to keep you alive
当你已经失去性格和智力的时候 Once your personality and intellect are gone
你想让你爱的人停止你的治疗么 Would you ever want them to withhold medical care
即使你对疼痛毫无感觉 even if you weren't in pain
而且你的情况还不确定 and your condition weren't terminal
生命的神圣是你的最高优先级吗 Is the sanctity of life, your highest priority
财务开销到底是不是一个问题 Should financial cost be an issue?
有些问题的答案是显而易见的 Some answers are clear
但是其它的却不见得 Other's anything but
关于Terri Schiavo 必须得做一个决定 A decision has to be made about Terri Schiavo
我的理智和情感都站在生命的这一边 And my head and my heart are with those who would err on the side of life
不要以为我就这么固执认为了 But don't count me among the dogmatists
这件事需要的不是肯定 而是祈祷 This is one case that calls for less certainty and more prayer
我喜欢他的原因 The reason why l like him
不管你读或没读 赞不赞同他的观点 Whether you agree with his politics if you read him or not
我喜欢这篇专栏的原因是 The reason why like this op-ed is
因为他正在做的仅仅是 because what he's doing
整篇专栏都是在提问 basically the entire op-ed is questions
这是在正确与正确之间的决定 This is a right versus right decision
你要让某人活着么 Do you keep someone alive
可能他们本来第二天会醒 What if they come to, what if they wake up the day after
但是你已经让他们死了 You would have allowed them to die
有可能 Maybe
谁会知道她的大脑里到底在发生什么 Who knows what is going on in the head
有太多的不确定性了 There is so much uncertainty there
他问了很多问题 And he asked questions
问题接着问题 After question, after questions
这就是方法 And this is the approach
在正确与正确做选择时 我们需要这样的方法 We need to take when we have right versus right decisions
如果他最终 Eventually if he was
法官 You know, the judge
必须做出决定 And you would have had to make the decision
他本应该做一个决定 He would have made the decision
但是他觉得很难 But he's realizing that it's difficult
这个方法可以应用于所有难题 And this supplies to all difficult questions
所有需要在正确与正确之间做决定的问题 All right versus right decisions
我们还谈论了 And along with it, we talked about
一个出色的领导是有移情性 The great leader being empathic
有高情商 having emotional intelligence
这是情商的首要 This is the first pillar of emotional intelligence
身为一个领导者不可避免会伤害他人 You inevitably as a leader hurt others inevitably
为什么 Why
因为你不可能任何时候让所有人都满意 Because you can't please all people all of the time
发动战争会伤害他人 If you go to war, you hurt others
不发动战争也会伤害他人 If you don't go to war, you hurt others
反堕胎会伤害他人 If you're pro-life you hurt others
不反对堕胎也会伤害他人 If you're pro-choice you also hurt others
这是不可避免的 It's inevitable
伟大的领导者都会这么做 会认知 And the great leader inevitably does it and recognizes that
与另一方面换位思考 And empathizes with the other side
不会不考虑在自己立场 Doesn't lose the side of the human element
对立方的人们 That's on the other side of his or her decision
因为做出这些决定是如此之难 And because these decisions are so hard
不论是政治上的 还是企业层面的 Whether in politics, whether in organization
领导者需要一些善意的敌人 The leader has to have beautiful enemies
我们很容易忽略另一方 It is very easy to discount the other side
举个例子 这屋子里面 For instance there are people in the room
有支持伊拉克战争和反对伊拉克战争的两方 Or pro war on Iraq and anti war on Iraq
反伊拉克战争的人可能被认为不抵抗主义者 It's very easy to dismiss the people who are anti-Iraq war as detached pacifists
那些支持发动伊拉克战争的 It is very easy to dismiss those who were for the war in Iraq
很有可能被视为饥渴的好战者 As hungry warmongers
很有可能 Very easy
但是了解背后的原因很重要 It's important to understand the underlying reason
大多数人做这个决定的原因 Of most people for their decision
根本原因是因为他们想做点好事 The underlying reason is because they want to do good
你可能会觉得很难去相信别人 May find it hard to believe with others
但究其原因 他们只是想做点好事 But ultimately people wanna do good
世界上有一些人 There are people in the world
就是你所知道的虐待狂 Who are, you know, sadism
他们只想要去伤害他人 Just wanna hurt others
他们是例外 They're the rare exception
大多数人做决定的时候 Most people when they make decisions
他们通常认为他们是在做正确的决定 They think that they are making the right decision
所以 倾听双方的意见非常重要 It's important to listen to both sides
寻找与你持不同意见的人 To seek people who disagree with you
换位思考 To maintain empathy for the other side
然后做出你想做的决定 And then to decide in whatever you decide
你做出个决定 You decide
你可能会犯错误 也有可能不会 You may have made a mistake, maybe not
但是 寻找确定答案的过程 But the process of getting to that certainty
即寻找复杂中的简单性 It has to be the simplicity on the other side of complexity
而不是纯粹的简单性 Not just pure simplicity
因为对于领导者来说没有简单的答案 Because there are no simple answers for leaders
尤其当你身处高层 Especially when you climb up the hierarchy
那里没有容易的答案 There are no easy answers
在自己这方的复杂性里 There are no simple answers
也没有简单的答案 Which are on this side of complexity
你应该去了解对方复杂的一面 Your hope is to get to the other side of complexity
因此 你需要时间 你需要提问 To do that, you need to take time, you need to ask questions
你需要移情 You need to empathize and
你需要寻求善意的敌人 You need to seek beautiful enemies
这是了解对方的复杂性的唯一途径 It' s the only way to get to the other side of complexity.
Seth Klarman 在我周一与他访谈的时候提及了这个问题 Seth Klarman touched on this when I asked him on Monday
我问他 在难以抉择之时你是怎么做的 So how do you make these tough decisions
他说他看到的是更长远宽广的视角 And he says he looks at the broader picture
他谈到不得不开除某个员工 Remember he talked about having to fire someone
那个决定有多难 And how difficult it was
以及他是怎么做的 他说： And how does he do it he says
我着眼的是整个公司 I think about the entire organization
我看到继续把这种人留在公司 And I see the repercussions, the consequences
会对公司有什么样的影响和后果 Of having this person in the organization
那个被炒鱿鱼的人呢 And how that particular person that he ended up firing
尽管他曾经是个优秀的员工 Even though he was a star performer
为公司谋利不少 Made a lot of money for the firm
他炒了他 因为你那个员工在毒害公司 He fired him because he was poisoning the organization
换句话说 他抽离地去看问题 In other words what he did was zoom out
他看到的不仅是这一件事 And look not just at the particular case
他一年能给我带来三亿美元的利润 Here he is making me three hundred million dollars a year
而是看得更广 看到 But zooming out and saying
他在损害我的整个公司 伤害公司道德 He's poisoning my entire organization and hurting the moral
这是 Robert Haas 没做到的 This is what Robert Haas did not do
他拒绝开除员工 When he refused to fire people
为什么 Why
因为他说我不想伤害员工 Because he just said I'm not going to hurt people
我要让他们继续留在 Levis I'm gonna keep them in Levis
他没有着眼大局 He didn't look at the bigger picture
他犯了一个严重的错误 And that was a big mistake
因为他伤害了大局 Because he ended up hurting the big picture
最终16000名员工全被开除 With 16 thousand employees eventually fired
着眼大局是要着眼大局 Looking at the big picture also looking at the big picture in time
时间和空间上的 So both in time and in space.
911过后 如果你专注于世界贸易中心 After 9/11 if you zoom in on the World Trade Center
专注于93号班机 专注于五角大楼 On flight 93, on the pentagon
你肯定会说我们需要发动战争 It is very easy to say we need to go to war
对所有直接或间接参与911事件的国家 And we need to go to war with all the countries that are involved
发动战争 In 911 directly or indirectly
你若只看到那次事件 If you just focus on this incident
谁不会为911事件而愤怒 Who would not be outraged by it
但同时 如果你放大去看 看到受美国袭击的阿富汗地区 At the same time if you zoom in on a village in Afghanistan
或者伊拉克的小村庄 Or Iraq that was hit by American attacks
你很容易觉得 战争不好 It is very easy to say war is bad
我们不该这样 We shouldn't be here
这取决于你放大去看什么 It depends what you zoom on
优秀的领导者也这样 The great leader does that also
但是也会切换视角 从大局着眼 But is also able to zoom out and look at the bigger picture
不同地区 Both in terms of spatially
同时发生的不同事件 In terms of the other things going on at the same time
以及最近导致它的原因 And also temporarily what has led to it
长期内会有什么后果 What will be the long-term consequences to it
发动战争 还是不发动战争 Whether of war or refraining from war
这些都是优秀的领导者会考虑的问题 And these are the questions that the great leader asks
这并不意味着领导者不会犯错 That doesn't mean that the leader wont make mistakes
我们幸或不幸地无法避免错误 We cannot unfortunately or maybe fortunately
我们不能准确地预测未来 We cannot predict the future perfectly
因此 领导者不可避免的会犯错 So leader will inevitably make mistakes
但是 我们也谈到了怎么降低犯错的可能性 We talked about that, however, to minimize the likelihood of mistakes
不考虑周全就做出感性的决定是万万不可的 It is not good just to make an emotional decision based on one instance
理性的决策往往基于全局 But a more rational decision based on the big picture
做到这点不易 但很重要 Not easy but important
最后就是做出决策这一步 And finally it's about making the decision
你需要意识到 你肯定要为此付出代价 And recognizing that ultimately you will pay a price for it
认识到领导力是有代价的 There is a inevitable price for leadership
不要一时冲动做决定 It's not for the faint of heart to make these difficult decisions
但若这是你所信仰的真理 But if this is your truth
你需要让别人信服 You need conviction
记住 我们总结的时候还会讨论 Remember a leader as well talk about when we wrap up.
领导者不能是相对主义者 A leader cannot be a relativist
这也可能是对 那也可能对 Well this may be true or this may be true.
领导者做决策的时候 必须令人信服 A leader, when making the decision, has to have convictions
而且要意识到 需要为此付出代价 And also has to recognize that there is a price for it
会有不可避免的代价 And there is an inevitable price for it.
代价是什么 What is the price
首先 First of all
所有优秀的领导者都有代价 就是 A price all great leaders pay
他们有时也会犯错 They sometimes make mistakes
即使他们没有犯错 But even if they don't make mistakes
即是他们在两两选择中选出了更为正确的一方 Even if they choose the right, the more right of the two options
他们还是会伤害他人 They are still hurting people.
因为开除某个人就是伤害他 Because to fire someone is to hurt someone
批评某个人往往也意味着伤害他 To criticize someone is very often to hurt someone
发动战争还是不发动战争 To go to war or not to go to war
都会伤害到某些人 Is to hurt someone
因为领导者也是人 And then sometimes since a leader is also a human being
领导者也犯错 在两两选择中选了不那么对的一方 A leader makes mistakes choosing the wrong right out of the two
你所处的地位越高 And the higher you go up in the hierarchy
你所做的决定就越难 The more difficult these decisions become
它们的后果也就越重大 And more consequential they become
最后 不可避免的 And finally, inevitably
还有不认同 尽管大多数人都喜欢你这样的领导者 There is rejection, even if the majority like you as a leader
尽管有很多人喜欢你 Even if many people like you as a leader
也会有很多人不喜欢你 这适用于所有的领导者 Many also don't. And that applies to all great leaders
为什么 Why
因为如果人人都支持你的决策 Because if everyone liked what you were doing
那么这个决策就不需要强大的领导力 It wouldn't require great leadership
因为通常伟大的领导力 Because very often great leadership is
需要反其道而行 About going against the grain
至少一开始是的 At least initially
我们来看看那些最伟大的领导者 If we look at our greatest leaders
他们大多付出了巨大的生命的代价 They very often paid off have a high price in terms of their life
甘地尽管这么多年来一直受到了很高的评价 You know, Gandhi who after many years did enjoy
他很受欢迎 但他为此付出了生命 Very high popularity still does, paid with his life
曼德拉付出了27年的光阴 Mandela paid with 27 years
JFK 付出了他的生命 JFK paid with his life
尽管他在当时是一个很受爱戴的总统 Even though he was at the time 62 and 63 a popular president
因此 拒绝是不可避免的 There is inevitable rejection
我并不是说你得 I'm not saying even paying the price
付出生命的代价 In terms of getting killed.
我是说如今企业的当家人 I'm talking about the day-to-day leaders in organizations
你无法总是让所有人都满意 You can't please everyone all of the time
如果你能 那么作为一个领导者 And if you do, it means as a leader,
你做的事情可能不够伟大 You're either doing something that doesn't require greatness
或者你正在做错事 Or you're doing the wrong thing
你也许只是一个伪领导 You are pseudo leader maybe
优秀的领导者总会不可避免地做艰难的决定 Inevitably great leaders have to make tough decisions
可能会伤害到某些人 Which will upset some people
所以 领导者要脸皮厚 So leaders have to have a very thick skin
这种不可避免性引起一个必然的问题是 So the inevitable question from these inevitability is
为什么要成为一个领导 Why being a leader?
为什么要努力成为一名领导 Why even go for it?
为什么如此多的人都做领导者 And why do many people want to be leaders
为什么像你我一样的人 还要学习领袖学你呢 Why would one, you, me, others want to even enter this?
我想给你们念一段 Cuz I wanna read you
林肯的传记节选 An excerpt from the biography of Lincoln
他大概是美国最伟大的总统 Arguably the greatest president this country has seen
这段文字是在描述他的一生 This is describing his life
一个月过去了 As the month passed
致命的疲惫笼罩着他 A deathly weariness settled over him
Noah Brooks 建议他修养身心 Once when Noah Brooks suggested he rest
林肯回复到 Lincoln replied
我想这对身体是有好处的 I suppose it is good for the body
但是我的疲惫是内在的 摸不着的 But the tired part of me is inside and out of reach.
他的内心常常有那么一部分 Theres always been part of him
抽离地注视着他的雄心壮志 Inside and out of reach that had looked upon his ambition with detachment
并且思考 这样是否值得 And wondered if the same was worth the candle
如今 他终于了解了一直以来他模糊知道的真相 Now he could see the truth of what he had long dimly known
那真相一直都被压抑着 那就是： And perhaps hopefully suppressed
对于一个敏感且富有同情心的人来说 That for a man of sensitivity and compassion
在危机之中发挥强大的力量 To exercise great powers in a time of crisis
这是一件烦恼而痛苦的事情 Is a grim and agonizing thing.
与其说是光荣 Instead of glory,
他曾说 他只看到了“尘与血” He once said, he found only quote ashes and blood
这就是他 This was for him
用一生书写的传奇故事 The end project of that success myth by which he had lived
也正因此 他的发言总是那么有说服力 And for which he had been so persuasive a spokesman
他心怀抱负并且付诸实际 He'd had his ambitions and fulfilled them
而且在胜利的时候 心怀悲痛 And met heartache in his triumph
这就是林肯 This is Lincoln
可以说是我们国家历史上最伟大的领袖 Arguably being the greatest Leader this country has seen
当他真正成为一位领袖的时候 仍然心怀悲痛 Met heartache when he actually became that leader
那么为什么要成为一位领导呢 有人会说 So why do it, well some people would say
为了权利 为了威望 For the power, for the prestige
对于很多人来说这的确是一个理由 That's a reason many people go into it for it
但是这并不能维持长期的成功 It cannot sustain long-term success
而且这并不能成就一位杰出的领袖 And it won't make a leader great
最终 有且只有一个原因 Ultimately, it's one thing and one thing alone
能造就出杰出的领导力，培养出伟大的领袖 That drives great leadership, that makes for a great leader
那就是做出改变的渴望 It's the desire to make a difference
因为不论是在企业里 Because no one, not in an organization,
或是一个国家或是团队里 Not in the country, not in the team,
还是一个群体中 没有人能像领导一样有影响力 Not in a group, makes as much of a difference as a leader does
并不一定是官方的领导 It doesn't have to be the official leader
Rosa Parks之前并不是官方的领导 Rosa Parks was not an official leader
但是她站出来了 成为了一位领导 But she stood up and became a leader
但在做决定时重要的是 But the important thing when deciding
这是个非常重要的决定 当你决定成为领导时 This is an important decision when you decide to become a leader
你要意识到这件事情不那么简单 Is to recognize that it's not an easy one
我最不想看到的是你们在学完这个课程后 The last thing I wanted you to come out of this class
认为自己要成为一名领导了 只顾着暗中狂喜 Thinking is well I'm gonna be a leader, I'm ready to be a leader, hurray
这没有那么简单 你要付出代价 It's not easy, you will pay a price for it
重要的是要花足够的时间 It's important to take time aside
去反思 在你的生活里去放大视角 To reflect, to zoom out on your life
包括你的性格 你是谁 你在做什么 On your characteristic, on who you are, on what you're about
你的等级 你的价值 On your hierarchy, your values
问问你自己 我想迈出这一步吗 And to ask yourself, do I wanna step up
我想成为一位领导吗 然后再做决定 Do I want to be a leader and then make the decisions
同时要认识到 And at the same time to realize
成或不成为一位领导 That to be or not to be a leader
是对与对的抉择 Is a right versus right decision
这样的抉择需要时间 And that requires time
需要思考 That requires thought
需要很大的勇气去直面你内心的真实想法 And that requires a lot of courage to be able to face your internal truth
我们复习一下其他的内容 Let's go over some of the things
我们在这学期曾讨论过的 That we discussed throughout the semester
解决一些零碎的问题 Try to make some loose ends meet
我在最开始提及过Warren Bennis I mentioned in the beginning I quoted Warren Bennis
不容置疑他是当今领导力研究的领头人 Who is inarguably the leading leadership researcher in the world
他曾说如果你要谈论 He said that if you had to talk about
如果你要谈论领导力 If you have to talk about leadership
关于领导力的理论知识 You know as a theory of leadership
他可以谈论几天 He could talk for days
但是要他谈论领导力的发展 But if you had to talk about leadership development
我引用他的话 And I quoted what he said
他只能谈论十到二十分钟 为什么呢 He could only talk for 10 to 20 minutes, why
因为说到领导力的发展 Because when it comes to leadership development
我们还处于蹒跚学步的阶段 我觉得他说的很对 We are in our diapers and I think he is right
他说的对的原因在于A) 因为这个领域还没有发展成熟 And he's right a) because the field has not developed a lot
B)因为领导力的发展从根本上来讲是自身的发展 And b) because leadership development ultimately comes from within
传授如何发展领导力的理论是很困难的 It is very difficult to teach theories about leadership development
这就是为什么我们课程中非常重要的一部分 That’s why such an important part of this class
对于你们其中很多人 不是所有人 来说 I know for many of you, not for all but
是参与指导小组 For many of you has been the coaching groups
在其中 你从其他人身上学到很多 Where you learned a lot from one another
也能帮你更好地认识自己 You learned a lot about yourself
通过内省和反思论文 Through introspection through the reflection papers
但与此同时 有一种领导力理论 But at the same time, there is a theory of leadership that
我认为领导力发展理论正在逐渐形成 I think leadership development, that I think, is forming
这也是我在这学期想传达给你们的 That I try to communicate throughout the semester
综合本学期 我总结了一些重点 So here are some of the highlights from the semester
我们一开始讲了关于领导力的发展 We started off by talking about how leadership development is
就是个人的发展 这两者之间没有差别 About personal development, no difference between the two
孔夫子曰 Confucius
古之欲明明德于天下者 The ancients who wish to illustrate illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom
先治其国 First ordered well their own States
欲治其国者 先齐其家 Wishing to order well their states they first regulated their families
欲齐其家者 先修其身 Wishing to regulate their families they first cultivated their persons
他这里的意思是说 What he's doing here
用哈佛教授杜维明的话 In the words of Harvard professor Tu Weiming
建立一个同心圆 自身置于中心位置 Is creating concentric circles where the self is in the middle,
处于家庭 国家 以至世界的中心位置 The family, the city and so on to the world
与蝴蝶效应一样 And like the butterfly effect
领导者甚至可以引发涟漪效应 And even more so, the leaders can have ripples
可以将影响推往整个世界 Can affect the ripple to the entire world
这就是领导力 This is what leadership is about
但它是以自身为起点的 But it starts with the person
Warren Bennis认为 Warren Bennis
成为领导者的过程 The process of becoming a leader is much
与成为一个完整的人的过程几乎是一样的 The same as the process of becoming an integrated human being
对于领导来说以及任何一个完整的人来说 For the leader as for any integrated person
生活本身就是一种事业 Life itself is the career
这发展在我们一生中持续进行 And it continues for our entire lives, this process of development
它绝不会因我们的课程结束而结束 It certainly doesn't end with the class
也不会在你成为CEO或是政治领袖后结束 It doesn't end when you have become the CEO or the political leader
这种过程一直会存在 It continues always
我们谈论过 多面共存性思考 We talked about Janusian thinking
对于领导来说不走极端是非常重要的 About how important it is for a leader not to thinking either-or categories
反而要有调解看似相反的事物的能力 But should be able to reconcile seeming opposites
找到额外的出路 Generate a third way
我们讨论了 We talked about
黑格尔提出的 论点,对照以及综合 The thesis, antithesis and synthesis that Hagel speaks about
我们引用了Parker Palmer的观点 And we quoted Parker Palmer
他认为矛盾思维需要 Who says paradoxical thinking requires that
我们拥抱这个观点对立又关联的世界 We embrace a view of the world in which opposites are joint
让我们更好地看清并看全这个世界 So that we can see the world clearly and see it whole
结果是 世界将变得更加复杂和混乱 The result is a world more complex and confusing
相较于用非此即彼的思维方式得出的简单世界 Than the one made simple by either-or thought
但那样的简单不过是死亡的沉闷 But that simplicity is merely the dullness of death
当我们一起思考时 When we think together
我们在激发这个世界的生命力 We reclaim the life force in the world,
激发学生们的和我们自己的生命力 In our students, in ourselves
他讲的既是关于教学 He's talking here about teaching
也是关于领导力 He's talking here about leading
我们认为世界不是分离的 We don't think the world apart
我们认为世界是一个整体 We think the world together
这是我们探讨过的几个例子 Here are some examples that we discussed
英雄造时势还是时势造英雄？ Is leadership in the person or is it in the situation?
两种观点都对 Well both
美国不断发展造就了成熟的环境给马丁路德金 The United States was a ripe after a lot of development for Martin Luther King
但如果没有马丁路德金 But without the Martin Luther King
可能过去所发生的 也就不会发生了 What had transpired may not have transpired
所以人和环境都重要 So it's both the person and the situation
我们是实行民主制还是独裁专制 Should we be democratic or authoritarian
答案就是权变理论 And the answer to that was contingency theory
这要视情况而定 Well it depends
有时候是取决于时间 There are times maybe
当你处于一场战争 When you're in the midst of battle
你会想实施独裁统治 You want to be authoritarian
当你没有时间的时候 When there is no time
你也可能想独裁专制 You may want to be authoritarian
当你仍还不了解这个组织的时候 When you still don't know the organization
或者不了解和你一起共事的人的时候 Or the people working with
你可能想实行独裁专制 You may want to be authoritarian
但当然也该有民主制的时候 But there is certainly time for democracy
集思广益 听取意见和想法 For opening up the floor and hearing feedback and ideas
杰出的领导者能够在两者之间运筹帷幄 The great leader is able to navigate between this two
并且找到折中的方法 And find it a synthesis
我们谈论过为什么作为一位领导不能有教条主义 We talked about how a leader cannot be dogmatic
一位杰出领导他的思想必须开明 A great leader has to be open-minded
倾听他人的意见 Listen to other people
征求善意的敌人 Solicit beautiful enemies
那些勇于挑战他们的人 People who will challenge him or her
我之前说过领导还不能是一个相对主义者 At the same time, as I mentioned earlier, leader cannot be a relativist
领导必须要有坚定不移的信念 Leader has to have a real convictions
必须非常清楚自己要做什么 Understand this is what I'm about
清楚自己的价值观是什么 These are my values
什么事情是自己绝对不允许的 These are the things that I will not stand for
什么事情是自己决不妥协的 These are the things that I will not move
我们之前也讲过 作为领导态度既要强硬也要友好 And we talked about a leader having to be tough and nice
一方面 On the one hand
作为一位领导拥有情商是非常重要的 It is important for a leader to have emotional intelligence
要赋有同情心 关心他人 To be empathic, to be caring
同时领导也要能做出艰难决策 At the same time, it's also important for leaders to make tough decisions
对他人严格 And to be tough with others
做他人的善意敌人 To be a beautiful enemy to others
说起来容易做起来难 Easier said than done
这就是本学期我努力完成的 As you know this is something that I worked on for this semester
做一名善意的敌人 To be more of a beautiful enemy
一名亲切的领导 And the nice leaders in the long run
单单只是和蔼的领导 不会获得长久的成功 Those were only nice do not succeed
不幸的是 有很多这样老好人最终失败的例子 Unfortunately there are many examples of these fallen nice guys
然而这并不意味着 At the same time, that doesn't mean
我不能做一个有同情心的人 不能关心他人 We cannot be empathic and caring
我们要找出正确的折中方式 We need to find the right synthesis
做到因时制宜 但始终尊重他人 Of when to be when, always be respectful, always respectful
同时我们该严格的时候就要严格 At the same time, we need toughness as well
然后我们谈到教练模式 Then we talked about the coaching model
在某种程度上来说你在小组中已经实行了 That you implemented to some extent in your group
教练模式第一部分是无条件接受 The first part of the coaching model is unconditional acceptance
第二部分是欣赏式探询 The second is appreciative inquiry
领导力的发展就是在这里进行的 And this is where leadership development takes place within this
但也包括其他的事情 But also other things
例如 人际关系 子女教育 个人发展 Such as your relationships, parenting, personal development
这些都是在你所创造的环境中进行的 Takes place within the space that you create
通过无条件接受 Through unconditional acceptance
和通过欣赏式探询 And through appreciative inquiry
所谓的无条件的接受 Unconditional acceptance
大地和泥土一样 I drew an analogy to the ground, to the soil,
你需要泥土让一颗种子生长 You need the soil to create growth for it, for a seed.
而肯定式探询就是这颗种子顶上的阳光 Appreciative Inquiry is the sunlight on top of this
泥土顶上的阳光 On top of the soil
若无阳光 种子就会枯萎 凋亡 Without sunlight the seed will wither and die
这是肯定式探询的定义 Here is what Appreciative Inquiry is about.
解决问题的传统方法 用定义来说 Traditional approaches to problem solving are, by definition,
是一种把世界看作半空玻璃杯的方法 A way of seeing the world as a glass half empty.
肯定式探询是一种替代方式 The Appreciative Inquiry is an alternative process
来引起组织变革 To bring about organizational change
这种方式把世界看作半满的玻璃杯 By looking at the glass as half full.
根本上 肯定式探询在组织变革的角度看 Essentially, Appreciative Inquiry varies from other approaches
和其他方式不同 To organizational change
因为它基于有效的方法 In that it builds on what works well.
这种方式 这门课的关键点是 One of the key aspects of this, of this class
让我们关注哪种方式效果更好 Let's focus on what works well
让我们关注并欣赏这种方式的潜力 Let's focus on the potential and appreciate it
Appreciate 有两个意思 And appreciating the two senses of the word.
首先是心存感激 Be grateful for it
其次是和金钱升值 变多一样 让它升值 And also like money appreciates, like money grows, make it grow.
肯定式探询关注过去成功的行为 And Appreciative Inquiry is about looking at what worked in the past,
利用此启发当下 利用它影响未来 Using it to inspire the present and leverage it to the future
这种卓有成效的技巧不仅能用在职场 Very effective technique that works not just in the workplace
不仅能用在领导力培养 Not just in leadership development
还能用在我们之前提及的人际关系 But also as we said earlier in relationships
教育子女以及日常生活中 In parenting, in your daily life
我们常常重视的东西就是我们所强调的 Very often what we focus on is what we accentuate
如果我们只关注组织中的消极面 弱势 And if we only focus on the negatives, on the weaknesses of the organizations
或者我们领导里的弱点 Or our weaknesses as leaders
它就会扩张 Very often that is what expands
我们谈真实性领导 We talk about authentic leadership
以及真实性领导如何由两部分构成 And how authentic leadership comprises two parts
首先 真实性领导是认识自己 了解你自己 First of all, it's about knowing thyself, knowing what you are,
你得长处 你的弱势 你的希望 Your strengths, your weaknesses, your hopes
你的抱负 你的价值观 Your aspirations, your values
你愿意折中什么 不愿意妥协什么 What you're willing to compromise, what you're not.
同时对自我真诚 认识自己 做自己 And being true to oneself, know thyself and be thyself.
这是领袖力的第一步 That is leadership on one foot.
正如 Parker Palmer 所说 关于教育和引导 As Parker Palmer says, about teaching and about leading
好的教育不能沦为技术流 Good teaching cannot be reduced to technique;
好的教育来自教师的个性和正直 Good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher.
个性 ——认识自己 知道自己是谁 什么身份 Identity - know thyself, know who you are, what is your identity.
正直——做自己 Integrity- be thyself.
遵循自己的个性正直的生活 Live according to this
这不只是对教师 领导者的建议 And this is advice not just for teachers, not just for leaders
还是对所有人过健康生活的建议 But for healthy living.
因为我们都读过一篇关于“自我概念清晰度”的文章 Because we also read that article about self-concept clarity
那些人都拥有最高水平的自尊 That these are people with the highest levels of self-esteem
以及最大程度的幸福感 Highest levels of happiness
长远来看 他们是最成功的人 These are the most successful people in the long run.
换句话说 成功就是找出自己热情所在 Or in other words, what it's about, is identifying your passions
找出自己优势所在 Identifying your strengths
然后说 这是我将要引导的 And then saying this is what I'm going to lead
这就是伟大领袖力的范畴 And this is the zone of great leadership
伟大的领袖之间的共同点很少 There are very few things that are common to great leaders.
但这是其中之一 This is one of them.
我擅长什么 What am I good at?
记得有文章讲过 Because remember in the article that we talk about
把10变成40比把-10变成-4简单 It's easier to get from a 10 to a 40 than from a -10 to -4.
如果我们关注自身优势 So if we focus on our strengths
如果我们更倾向强调自身优势 If we are much more likely to accentuate them,
如果我们领会自身优势 If we appreciate them
它们就更容易发扬 They're much more likely to grow
这就是我们成功的时刻 And that's when we are successful
尤其是我们发现自己的饱满热情所在 Especially we find those things that we're passionate about
我们最重视的事情的时候 That we care about deeply.
然后我们讨论了这区域 We then moved inside, okay
所以这就是伟大伟大领袖力的范畴 So this is the zone of great leadership
我想把我的潜力应用在哪里 Where do I want to apply my potential to
我想在哪里播种我的种子 Where do I want to apply to plant my seed?
这就是我们之前想说的愿景 And that's what we talked about the vision.
Warren Bennis 说过 Warren Bennis
领袖力的第一个基本要素就是指导性的愿景 The first basic ingredient of leadership is a guiding vision
领导者很清楚自己想做什么 The leader has a clear idea of what he or she wants to do
不管是组织或个人层面上 Professionally and personally
领袖力培养和自身发展 Leadership development and personal development
以及面临挫折甚至失败时不屈不挠的力量 And the strength to persist in the face of setbacks, even failures.
Warren Bennis 写过一本书叫 极客和怪杰 Warren Bennis wrote a book, called Geeks and Geezers
他想找出极客和怪杰之间的不同点 Where he wanted to see the difference between leaders
极客是指30多岁的年轻领导者 Who are young in their 30s, the geeks
怪杰是指70、80多岁的老一辈领导者 And leaders who are older in their seventies and eighties, the geezers.
当他比较两个群体时 发现有很多不同点 And he compared between the two groups and there were many differences
不同点之一是年轻群体关注工作与生活的平衡 One of the difference was that the younger group cared about work-life balance
而老一辈群体不知道那是什么 The older group didn't know what he was talking about.
这是不同点之一 That was one of the differences
Seth Klarman 也提到了工作和生活的平衡 Seth Klarman spoke about this
而且承认了它很重要 And admitted how it is important for him
但他在两个群体中发现的共同点是 But one commonality that he found between the two groups
所有杰出的领导者 Is that they are all the great leaders
他们无一例外地都经历过严酷的考验 They all inevitably went through crucibles
他们经历了严酷考验 有过艰难的遭遇 They went through crucibles, through difficult experiences
这些经历塑造了他们 成就了他们 That had shaped, that had formed them.
有些艰难遭遇可以是痛失挚爱 It could be something like losing a loved one,
但让他们思考人生以及生命的价值 But made them think about their life and the value of their lives
有些是事业失败 破产 It could be about failing in business, going bankrupt
通过这些挫败 通过这些严酷的考验 And it was through that failure, through the crucible
他们得以用更坚强的面貌重新出现 They were able to emerge even stronger
正如尼采所说 那些杀不死我的东西 只会让我变得更强 As Nietzsche said if it doesn't kill me, it makes me stronger.
他们在严酷的考验过后 以更坚强的姿态出现 Where they be emerged much stronger from these crucibles
尤其是如果你让自己冒险 Especially if you put yourself on the line
你将面对挫折 你将面对失败 这都是无法避免的 You will face setbacks, your will face failures, it's inevitable.
杰出的领导者和一般领导者的区别是 What differentiates great leaders from the not so great is
是你能否在这些失败后振作 Are you able to get up after this failure
那些最后卷土重来的人 才是最有影响力的人 Those who do ultimately emerge as the people who make the most difference.
这不简单但是这是成功的必要条件 Not easy but that's what it takes.
因为如果它简单 人人都能成为领导者 Because if it was easy, everyone would have been a leader
那么我们就不需要领导者了 And then we would not really need leaders.
愿景最重要的是执行力 The most important with the vision is to follow up with action
密歇根大学的 Noel Tichy 说过 Noel Tichy from University of Michigan
除非用行动让愿景得以维持 Unless a vision is sustained by action
愿景将很快化为灰烬 It quickly turns to ashes
爱默生说 Ralph Waldo Emerson
事实胜于雄辩 What you do speaks so loudly that I cannot hear what you say
记得我们在此做过实验 Remember the experiment that we did here
关于脸颊和下巴的那个 With the cheek and the chin
你做了领导者做的而不是他们说的 You do what leaders do, rather than what they say.
你一直告诉你的组织 要诚实 要遵循道德 If you tell your organization all day long, be honest, be ethical.
这很重要 这也是我对你们的要求 It's important, this is what I demand from you
但你作为领导者 要是打破规则 做出违背道德的行为 And yet you as a leader bend the rules and unethical
你的组织就不会是一个道德的组织 Your organization will not be an ethical one.
他们会做你做的事 而不是你说的事 They will do what you do rather than what you say
和教育子女相似 顺便一提 Same with parenting, by the way
以身作则 圣雄甘地说 Lead by example, or as Gandhi said
欲变世界 先变其身 Be the change you want to see in the world.
你的组织 人们会尊敬你 Your organization the people will look up to you
很大程度上 他们会向你的情绪你的价值观方向靠拢 They will embody your moods and your values to a great extent
情绪和价值观是有感染力的 Moods and values are contagious
特别是领导者们的 Especially when it comes to a leader.
接着我们谈了 一旦你有愿景 And then we moved onto once you have a vision
如何创建一个健康的进程 构建一个健康的环境 How to create a healthy process, a healthy environment
构造一个模型 让我们看到领导者的假设和期望 And the model that we saw was that the leaders assumptions and expectations
理论 X 和理论 Y 指导领导者的行为 Theory X, Theory Y lead to the leaders behavior
用以构建组织环境 That create an organizational environment
带动起领导者最先期望的 And bring about the behavior in employees
员工的行为 That the leader expected in the first place.
接着再次强化领导者的期望 And then it reinforces these expectations again
是自我应验预言 It's a self-fulfilling prophecy.
追随者的行为改变领导也是有可能的 It's possible to change by the followers behavior
Rosa Parker 作为一个追随者 通过一段时间改变了领导者的想法 Rosa Parker, as a follower changed, what the leaders thought over time
但这很罕见 But that is rare
通常 领导者才能创造 And it's usually the leader who is able to create an environment
有助于扬人所长的环境 That's conducive to bring out the best in people
你们自己练习了 And you did this exercise yourselves
很多人发现同一个人在X理论和Y理论的指导下 And most of you found that the same person behaved radically different
表现得完全不一样 Under leader of theory X versus leader of theory Y
为什么 因为领导者经常得到他们所期望的 Why? Because leaders often get what they expect
接着我们说了整合分析 We then talked about the Meta Analysis
Scotts Snook 就此谈了很多 And this is what Scotts not talked about a lot
并且是我们这个学期巩固了的 And we reinforced throughout the semester
皮格马利翁效应 换句话说 心之所向 The Pygmalion effect, in other words, what you expect
最能促进成才的影响 是提升跟随者的积极信仰 The largest developmental impact was raising the positive beliefs of followers
逐步灌输进他们的信念中 Instilling in them the conviction
他们比自己想象中表现得更好 That they were better at performance task than they thought.
这是作为父母的工作 This is also the role of parent.
这也是恋人或者朋友的工作 This is also the role of romantic partner or a friend.
最成功的关系 长远来看 The most successful relationships in the long run are ones
是相比于你的伴侣对他/她自己的期待 Where you expect more from your partner
你对你的伴侣期望更高 than the partner expects from him/herself
反之亦然 And vice versa
为什么 这不是我们不现实 Why? It's not that we're being unrealistic
也不是幻觉 It's not that it's an illusion.
这是事实 It is real.
不同之处在于我们看到了潜力 The difference is that we see the potential
如果你看到了潜力 就像从一颗种子看到了橡树一样 So if you see the potential of an oak tree in a seed
这不是幻觉 It's not an illusion
尽管目前它不存在 Even though it's not there right now.
这和领袖力素质一样 The same with leadership qualities,
这和杰出也一样 The same with excellence
Seth 周一围绕杰出讲了很多 And Seth talked a lot on Monday about excellence.
如果你看到人们的才华 尽管它仍未实现 If you see excellence in people even if it's not realized yet
但你说 这是一颗种子 我要培育它 But you say this is a seed I'm going to appreciate it
给它光 让它成长 Shed light on it and make it grow
伟大的事将会发生 Great things will happen
这是领袖力培养的最好预言 The number one predictor of leadership development
同样是个人发展的最好预言 And also a personal development.
你的自我期许是什么 What do you expect from yourself
你欣赏什么 What do you appreciate
你的长处是什么 What are your strengths
看看它们 Look at them
给予它们营养 Shed light on them
因为如果我们不这么做 它们会枯萎 Because if we don't, they very often wither and die
就如同种子一样 Like a seed would
上一次 And then last time
上个礼拜我们讨论了Joseph Badaracco的研究 Last week we talked about Joseph Badaracco's work
关于在正确中抉择的话题 On choosing between right and right
他提到 Where he said
道德伦理的方法 The inspirational approach to ethics
对于严重的责任冲突所起到的作用可以说是杯水车薪 Offers little help with serious conflicts of responsibility
如果你要完成一件对的事 What to do when one clear right thing must be left undone
就必须放弃另一件对的事 In order to do another
又或者是那个正确行动的前提是 Or when doing the right thing
你必须犯一些错 Requires doing something wrong
这些都是艰难的决定 These are the difficult decisions
你得额外花些时间 And you need to take time aside
我想花几分钟的时间 I would like to take a few minutes now
感谢那些让这门课得以顺利进行的人们 To appreciate some people that make this class possible
首先我想谢谢所有的幕后工作人员 First of all I would like to thank the people behind the scenes
有他们才有现在的这一幕 Who made the scenes possible
首先我想感谢Berry Reed First I would like to acknowledge Berry Reed
他所做的已经超出他的责任范围了 Who has gone way beyond the call of duty
每一堂课的音效及视讯都是他调适的 Was always there sitting there with the audio-visual
谢谢你在这堂课的付出 Thank you very much very for taking the leadership role
我想感谢 I would like to thank the person
使得那些无法出现在课堂上的学生 Who made it possible for those of you
也能上这门课的功臣 Who are not in class today to watch the class
Alex o'connor非常感谢你的努力 Alex o'connor thank you very much for being here every time
我现在想请这门课所有的助教 And I'd like to ask the tfs in this class
到台上来 To come up to the stage now please
让我们感谢这些出色的领导者 And I'd like us to take a minute to thank these wonderful leaders
使我们的课程顺利进行 For making this class possible
如果没有他们 Because without them
这门课可能只是个不太出色的研讨会 It would have been a seminar and probably not a very good one
因此非常感谢你们的付出 So thank you very much to you
感谢你们 Thank you very much. Thank you
我想以一个问题结束这门课 And I want to end with the question
这个问题我在课程开始前提到过 That I asked at the beginning
John Gardner问道 John Gardner
现代的Jefferson及Lincoln在哪 Where are the Jeffersons and Lincolns of today
我相信 The answer I'm convinced
他们就在我们之中 Is that they are among us
在我们周遭潜藏着 Out there in the settings with which we're all familiar
未被发掘的领导者 Are the unawakened leaders
他们无法突破自我设限去领导他人 Feeling no overpowering call to lead
难以察觉他们本身拥有的领导力 And hardly aware of the potential within
我希望这堂课后 I hope that after this class
你们能意识到 You are aware more
你们所拥有的潜力 More aware of the potential that's within
因为现在就如同 Because these are the times
18世纪也一样 Just like they were in the eighteenth centuries
是一个天才渴望生存的年代 In which a genius would wish to live
伟大的需求召唤出伟大的领袖 Great necessities call forth great leaders
我将以我的开头作为结束 And I will end where I started
现今即是一个渴求优秀领导的年代 These are times where great leaders are necessary
优秀的领导人就在你我之中 And they are here. They are among us
如你们所知 This class as you know
谨以此课献给Philip Stone教授 Is dedicated to Professor Philip Stone
我的导师 My mentor
我的领导 My leader
他同时是位老师也是位领导 The person who as a teacher and as a leader
他对我的生命有着重要的影响 Had the most significant impact on my life
还有我对我现在所做事情的决定 My decisions to do what I'm doing
他的精神在这堂课中发散 His spirit was in the class throughout
他的教诲无所不在 His teachings were throughout
在我构思最后一堂课程时 I was reminded when I was thinking about this last lecture
他曾对我说 That's he told me about the time
当他在50年代末60年代初期来到哈佛时 When he came to Harvard late 50's early 60's
他说 And he told me about
当时在社会科学里的学术氛围生机勃勃 The energy that was in the air in the social sciences
不管是哲学 经济学 政治还是哲学 Psychology, economics, government, philosophy also
这些学科的教授们相信着 Where the scholars in these areas believed
他们能为世界做出改变 That they could change the world
当时的他们充满活力 And there were so much power
灵感丰沛精神抖擞 So much inspiration, so much energy at that time
他们相信他们的理念都将成真 That they really believed that it was going to happen
他自己也相信 That he himself believe
一切都将实现 That it was going to happen
他接着说道 And then he said
他认为这里的生气在渐渐流逝 He thinks some this energy has been lost over the years
心理学家、哲学家、经济学家、政治家 Where psychologists, philosophers, economists, politicians
年轻人不再像60年代的他们 Young people no longer have the same kind of inspiration
充满生机 That there was in the sixties
当我想起这些时 And as I was thinking about that
我告诉我自己 我希望Phil你也在 I said to myself I wish Phil you were here
我希望你看到了 And I hope you're watching
因为他所需要做的 Because all he needed to do
并且我希望他会做的 And I hope he's doing that
就是阅读你们的反思文 Because he has that password
因为他有密码 Is reading your response papers
我希望他看看你们 I hope that he looks into your eyes
谈论领导力时的眼神 When you talk about leadership
不论你们是在教授办公室 Whether it's in office hours
还是小组讨论时 Whether it's in your sections
我希望他看到并且听到了 I hope he is watching and listening
你们在餐厅的讨论 As you're talking the dining halls
不论是教授聚餐 Whether during faculty dinners
或是你们自己朋友间的讨论 Or just by yourself or with your friends
谈论你想对世界做出的改变 Talking about the difference you wanna make in the world
我希望Phil能看到 I hope Phil is watching
实际上 我知道他也在看 In fact I know he's watching
正看着我们 And he's watching
他会为你们骄傲 And he's proud
也和我一样 被你们启发 And he's inspired as I am
谢谢大家 So thank you