好的 我有三点要说 ok, I've got three arguments
三个关于 three ideas on the way to
你需要做的事情 our arguments about
的争论 what you need to do
第一点是 root strikers so here is the first idea root-striker
1846年 就在距我们现在所处 1846 just about 13miles from
位置仅仅13 英里处的瓦尔登湖 where we are right now at Walden Pond
亨利 大卫 梭罗 曾写下 Henry David Thoreau wrote this
有一千人在砍伐着罪恶的枝桠 There are a thousand hacking
却只有一人在 at the branches of evil to one
猛砍罪恶之根 who is striking at the roots root strikers
第二点 独立的观念 ok NO.2 the idea of independence
当你思考独立的时候 now when you think independence
你或许会回想到1776年 you might think 1776
但在这里却不是这样 that is not what I mean
我所指的这种独立是 I mean the kind of independence
在1786年前后 that was obsessive
被美国一部分人所迷恋 in the thoughts of people in America
推崇的 around 1786
在此时 大部分人认为 at the time when most thinking
美国人开始相信 Americans began to believe
美国是一个失败的产物 America was a failure
一个因为缺乏遍及各州的 a failure because there was a lack of
独立民主而产生的 independence in the democracies
失败产物 that spread through the states
一种不合理的依附性 a kind of improper dependence
已经导致民主 that has developed those
腐化 democracies corrupting them
以及他们所做的 and what they did
正如杰斐逊所描绘的 as Jefferson describes it
这种依附关系招致 this dependence begets
阿谀奉承和腐败堕落 subservience and venality
扼杀了美德的萌发 suffocates the germ of virtue
并且为个人野心 and prepares fit tools for the designs
行方便之门 of ambition
这就是政府蜕变成的样子 this is what government had become
他们所追寻的是独立的政府 and what they sought was non-dependence
独立的政府可以 nondependent, independent government that
给合理的动机 could give the right answer
提供合理的解释 for the right reason
我们共和国的创立者们的 the common aims of those founders
共同目标是 of our republic were
体质机构及宪法章程 institutions, constitutions
为了合适的依附关系 against this improper dependence
对抗不合适依附关系的 but for the proper dependence
让我们来看 let's think of an example about
一个关于司法独立的例子 independent judiciary
司法独立性并不意味着 an independent judiciary does not
政府可以 mean they can do
为所欲为 whatever the hell they want
相反 司法独立是指 an independent judiciary means
司法审判必须依据于法律 judiciary dependents upon the law
合适的依赖就是 the proper dependence is what we
我们所指的独立性 mean by independence
在任何地方都是这样 here and elsewhere
第三点 信任 ok, idea 3 “trust”
我希望你们能够认清 I want you to recognize the way
信任与独立之间的关系 trust is related to independence
想一想 Bisphenol A so think of this chemical
这种化学物质 this is “Bisphenol A” BPA
几乎让你所有的东西 a chemical impractically everything
都暴露在其中 you exposing yourself to right now
你们中的80%体内含 80% of you have it in your body at
有达到一些科学家认为 the level that some scientists believe
具有危害性水平 人们会质疑 cause significant harm
这种化学物质是否安全 people ask is this chemical safe
因为我们中的大部分人相信 most of us, because we believe
身边的一切事物一定是有益的 everything around us must be good
所以我们会说 当然 它是安全的 say sure, it's safe
但事实上 这个问题的研究结果 but the research here is actually
是有争议的 而且 contested and it's contested
争论的结果非常有趣 in a very interesting way
如果你对由企业 if you distinguish between the
进行资助的研究 industry funded research and
和那些发现该类化学物质引发 research that finds some kind of
一些危害的研究进行区分比较 harm caused by this chemical
你会发现 there is a very interesting
一种非常有趣的关系 relationship here
大部分由企业资助的研究都没有 almost all of the founded research
发现该种化学物质具有危害性 by industry finds no harm
然而 几乎所有独立资助的研究 and almost all of the independently
都发现了该种化学物质的危害性 founded research finds harm
现在你又不大确定 now you are less sure about
这种化学物质的安全性了 the safety than you were before
那么 让我们来想一想手机 well, think about cell phones
手机是安全的吗？ are cell phones safe?
这是一种微波读数装置 it's a kind of micro wave reading
你会把它紧紧贴放在你大脑旁边 device you put right next to your brains
70%的人会认为手机是有害的 well, 70% of you say sure
然而 and again
这个问题的研究结果 the research here is contested
同样是有争议 并且非常有趣的 and contested in a very interesting
对企业资助和独立资助的研究 way divide industry founded from
进行区分 independently founded
你同样会发现 and again you have an extraordinary
非常对立的结果 bipolar result
这会导致你们中的大部分人 leading most of you now to be
不大确定手机是否是安全的了 less sure than you were before
问题的症结 the point is your confidence
在于你的信心 in all of these cases is always a case
会受到钱的形式的影响 that is affected by
并不是抽象概念的金钱 the presence of money not money
而是用错了地方 in the abstract but money
的金钱 in the wrong places
这会给我们一个教训 and there's a lesson here
我保证 一个教训 I promise, a lesson
这个教训是 为了维护信心 the lesson is to maintain confidence
为了维护信任 to maintain trust
我们需要保 we need to secure
证我们所依赖的实体 independence of entities
及制度的独立性 institutions that we depend upon
通过确保这些制度 by assuring a proper dependence
合理的独立性 of those institutions
我们希望他们所关注 on the thing we want them to focus
这3点 upon three ideas
这就是我们所要谈论的3点 here is the argument
我们的宪法框架 the framework of our constitutions
给我们共和 gives us a republic
也就是他们所说的 by which they means the
民主 representative democracy
目前 这种代议民主政治 now their representative democracy
具有有意的依附性 had an intended dependency
如宪章52条所说 as the federalist 52 put it
政府分支 with the branch of the government
应当仅仅依赖 which ought to be dependent
于人民自身 upon the people alone
人民 国会 the people, congress
我在图上画了 I do on my graphics
你们还想再看一遍吗？ Do you want to see that again here?
这很酷 that's cool, very fun of this
对于人民的依附 dependent upon the people
在这里是一个问题 here is the problem
在过去的220年 we have evolved
我们演变出 in the last 220 years
一种不同的对国会 a different dependency
的附属关系 around congress
这种附属关系逐渐替代了 a dependency that is increasingly
原有的附属 displaces the dependency of the
与人民的依附 people the dependency upon
转变为一种投资者的依附 the funders
议会议员们 Members numbers of the congress
花费30%到70% spend between
时间用于 30% and 70% of their time
筹集资金 raising money to get back
用于重返议会 to congress
他们养成了一种 第六感 they developed a “sixth sense”
这是一种能力用于理解 an ability to understand
他们所说和所做的 how everything
每一件事物 they say and do
将如何影响他们 will affect their capacity
筹集资金的能力 to raise the money
这部分资金是他们及其所在政党 they and the party needs
重获权利所需的 to get to power
他们变成了 变形者 they become “shape-shifters”
甚至专心于提前 bending themselves even to
一场特定的 advance a particular confrontation
冲突以确保 to make sure that
他们有机会 they will have the opportunity to
筹集他们所需的资金 raise the money they need
Leslie Byrne Leslie Byrne
当她入选议会之后 when she went to congress
这位来自弗吉尼亚的民主党人 the democrat from Virginia
被她得同事告知 was told by a colleague
倾向于环保？ “always lean to the green?”
之后她澄清道 then she clarified
他并不是一个环保人 “he was not an environmentalist.”
要点是这是第二种依附关系 and point is this the dependency too
一种依附于投资者附属 the dependency upon funders
与依附于人民的 it is a different
附属关系相比 and conflicting dependency
这是一种不同的并且矛盾的关系 with the dependency upon people
因为明显的事实是 because here is an obvious fact
投资者并不代表人民 the funders are not the people
这会导致一些后果 this has consequences
第一个后果是 first consequence is policies
某些政策可能会倾斜 that get bent
以使投资者从中获利 in favor of the funders
Gilens教授描述了 professor Gilens has characterized
对于富人以及 the extraordinary study of
非富有人群态度的 attitudes between the wealthy and
重要研究结果 the not so wealthy
当不同人群态度 Policy, when the attitude
分歧严重时 conflict strongly
政策反映了大部分 reflects the preferences of
富有阶层的喜好 the most affluent
而实际上与贫苦阶级 but bears virtually no relationship to
以及中等收入的美国民众的喜好 the preferences of poor or
并无多大关系 middle-income Americans
这是一个巨大的矛盾 a vast discrepancy
第二点 依附体系 and NO.2 the system of dependence
导致了对于体制 has produced a lack of confidence
信心的缺乏 in this institution
这造成了深远的影响 which is now profound
75%的美国民众相信 75% of the Americans believe
金钱可以左右议会的决策 “money buys results in congress”
而结果并不取决于 it'll be a little different depending on
你是民主党 whether you are the democratic
还是共和党 or the republican
民主党81%共和党71% Democratic's 81%. Republic's 71%
但是我会告诉你 but I can tell you
在政党交替之前 before the party switched control
这个数据会倒转 the numbers will reverse
民主党是71% Democratic was 71%
而共和党是81% the republic was rarely 81%
Gallup在 and the Gallup found that
最近一次 in the last poll
对于主要机构信心 about confidence
的民调中发现 in major institutions
11%的美国人 11% of the Americans
对国会有信心 have confidence in congress
想想看11%意味着什么 11%. Just think what that means
在大革命时代 there were more people
信任国王 who believed in
乔治三世的人 King George, the 3rd,
比如今信任 the time of the revolution
我们国会的人 than who believe in
还要多 our congress today
那么我们能做什么呢？ so what to do?
我们所要做的是打击 what to do here is to strike
罪恶的根源 at the root to be a root striker?
我们应该怎么做呢？ and how do you do that?
那么第一件事是 well the first thing is
穿上Keds（软底帆布鞋品牌） to wear Keds. Look!
这并不是玩笑 其实很严肃 now it's not a joke, it's serious.
因为是keds由这个公司 Keds. because Keds were created
生产制造的 by this company stride rite.
这个公司是由我的偶像 and this company was created
创立的 by this man the hero of mine
Arnold Hiatt Arnold Hiatt
Arnold Hiatt 是一个谦逊的人 Arnold Hiatt is a humble guy
这是我在网上所能找到的 this is the biggest picture
他的最大的照片 I can find on him
这是一张非常小的照片 on the internet-Very tiny picture
一个非常忠诚的民主党人 very loyal democrat
1996年，他是对民主党 1996, he was the NO.2 democrat
贡献值排名第二的民主党人 contributing to the party
第二大捐助者 the second large contributor
所以 1997年，比尔克林顿总统 so 1997, President Bill Clinton
邀请了他 invited him
以及其他30人前往五月花酒店 and 30 others to the Mayflower Hotel
参加在那里举行的大亨级宴会 for a kind of fat cat's dinner
这场宴会是为了 to explain to the president
让到会嘉宾向总统讲解说明总统 what president should do
剩余的第二任期内应该做些什么 for the remainder of his second turn
每一位名流大亨都分别站起发言 Each of these fat cats stood up
向总统讲解说明 to explain something
了一些事情 to the president
Arnold Hiatt是最后一个 and Arnold Hiatt was the last
发言的 to speak
我们没有当时 we don't have a picture of him
他发言的任何照片资料 standing and speaking
我想当时的照片可能是这样的 I can take this picture like this
他站起来 so he stands
向总统发表演说 to address the president
他说道 总统先生 and he says Mr. President
我知道你是富兰克林罗斯福 I know you're an admirer of
的崇拜者 Franklin Delano Roosevelt
所以我希望您能够 so I want you to put yourself
站在罗斯福的立场上想一想 in Roosevelt's shoes
在1939年 in 1939 when he came
他意识到 to recognized that
他需要说服 he needs to convince
一个不情愿的民族 a reluctant nation
参与到一场拯救民主的战争中 to wage a war to save democracy
Hiatt 说道 您也一样 Hiatt says “You too,
总统先生 Mr. President
您需要说服一个民族参与 have to convince a reluctant nation
到一场拯救民主的战争中 to wage a war to save democracy
这不是对抗法西斯主义者的战争 not a war against fascist,
而是对抗社会名流的战争 a war against fat cats
是对抗像我们这样一类人的战争 a war against people like us
这类人相信仅仅因为 people who believe merely
他们拥有财富 because they have wealth
所以他们拥有左右美国 they have right to direct
政策走向的权利 how policy in America goes
这类人相信 people who believe that
他们拥有可以拿起电话 they have an entitlement
和总统通话 to pick up the phone
的资格 to get the president
仅仅是因为 on the other side just
他们在商界或者艺术界 because they succeeded in
获得了成功 business or in the arts
这类人损害了 people who have destroyed
美国的民主制度 the democracy in America
你可以想象 you can imagine in this room
在这间有35位社会名流的房间 of 35 fat cats
在Arnold完成自己的演说之后 after Arnold finished
出现了一些沉默 there has been a little bit silence
只有一家出版机构记录 only one publishing counted
这个晚上的事 in the evening
他们记录到 they counts that
克林顿的回复 “Clinton's response effectively
有效斥责了Hiatt slashed Hiatt to pieces
羞辱了他 humiliating him
使他在一群人面前出了丑 in front of the group.”
但是我认为15年后 but I think 15 years later
我们需要意识到 we need to recognize that
Arnold Hiatt是正确的 Arnold Hiatt was right
总统却是错的 not the president
我们需要说服 we need to convince
一个不情愿的民族 a reluctant nation
参与到一场拯救民主的战争中来 to wage a war to save democracy
但是Arnold也有错的地方 but Arnold was wrong
他不是发起这场对 he was not politicians
我们战争的政治家 to wage the war for us
这是一场由公民 this is a war to be waged by citizens
由我们 由掘墓人 由你们发起的 by us, by root strikers, by you
在美国制宪会议 the end of the
接近尾声之时（1787） constitutional convention
本杰明 富兰克林走出来 Benjamin Franklin walked
工作 worked out
就在费城的街上 and he was asked by a woman
他被一个妇女问到 on the street of Philadelphia
富兰克林先生您都写了些什么？ Mr. Franklin what have you wrote?
他回答道 and he responded
一个共和国 如果你能够维护它 A republic ma'am if you can keep it,
一个共和国 a republic
一种代议民主政治 a representative democracy
一种仅仅依赖于 a democracy to be dependent
其人民的民主政治 upon the people alone
我们现在已经丢失了这样的共和 We have lost that republic
我们需要行动重新找回它 you need to act to get it back
非常感谢 thank you very much