最后一位演说者 this final speaker is speaking about an issue
我们邀请她的理由正是因为 we brought her here today because
我们相信她所做的工作 we believe that the issue she works on is
将成为未来最重大的研究之一 going to be one of the biggest issues of 2010s
这是一个可以追溯到1970的研究 it's gonna be the issue that we look back on
我甚至都不敢相信 in 70 years and say I can't not believe that
他们至今没有解决这个问题 they didn't solve it until then
直到她主持监狱学习项目 and she runs the prison's study project
她在prisonstudyproject.org教学 where she teaches at prisonstudyproject.org
大家可以上网查看一下 you can check it out
她教授哈佛社会学初级课程 she teaches a Harvard sociology junior
地点就在诺福克和弗雷明翰州立监狱 tutorial inside Norfolk and Framingham State's prisons
同时还有哈佛与波士顿大学的学生 inside there with Harvard students BU students
以及一些志愿者 and people who are incinerated
她在众多的监狱里进行教学 she taught courses in a number of prisons
甚至包括辛辛监狱 including Sing Sing
今晚 她的讲演 her final talk tonight for Harvard Thinks Big
意义十分重大 is truly big thought
Kaia Stern 行动起来 勇于面对 Act Big, Dare to See, Doctor Kaia Stern
谢谢 大家晚上好 thank you and good evening
非常感谢能够站在这里 I'm so grateful to be there
聚焦于 行动起来，勇于面对 before I focus on acting big and daring to see
我想让大家同我一起静默一刻 I ask you to join me in brief moment of silence
如果大家愿意请闭上眼睛 If you are willing, close your eyes
想象一个16岁的男孩 and imagine a 16-year-old male
脸上有着一道伤痕 who has a scar on his face
却被指控犯了 and was found guilty of murder
二级谋杀罪 in the second degree
让我们一起安静地想象 Let us be still and quiet together
谢谢大家 thank you
以哈佛Thinks Big的主题 in the spirit of Harvard Thinks Big
我向你们讲述三个故事 I offer you three stories
每个故事都折射出 each one reflects different ways
我们无视其他人的不同方式 that we render each other invisible
我们无视互相之间的联系 our blind to the ways we are connected
沉醉于自身 and sleep to our own power
作为变革力量的表象 as agents of change
这个故事是关于Diego the story is about Diego
我让大家进行想象的16岁男孩 the 16-year-old who I ask you to imagine
我在最高防备监狱中遇到他 I met him at the maximum security prison
那时我正在读大学 where I entered during college
他被当作成人来进行审判 he was trialed as an adult
被指控B级谋杀重罪 convicted a felony B murder
判处25年监禁 and sentenced with 25 years to life
尽管是否有罪 while questions of guilt
十分重要 and innocence are important
但是这个故事旨在说明 this story is about
我们是如何看待所谓的其他人 how we regard the so called other
Diego踏入便利店 Diego enters the convenient store
意图从收银机中 with intention to steal money
偷钱 from cash register
他把一个拳头放进毛衣口袋中 he pushes one fist through his sweater pocket
营造出他有枪的情形 to make it look like he has a gun
用以保护自己 而商店的经理 to protect himself, the manager of the store
扔掉了自己的武器 drops his own weapon
真正的枪 which is real
接着在Diego迟疑的瞬间 and then a blink Diego doubts
另一个人开枪射杀了经理 and another person he shot and killed
在监狱的审讯室里 in the prison's welcome center
Diego被剥光 Diego is stripped
身上涂满了能够 his body is spread with chemicals
杀死任何生命的化学品 to kill any possible lives
接着 当这些结束后 then he is whole's done and
他被刮净脸部 剃光头发 forced to shave his face and skull
他甚至都不知道如何使用剃刀 he doesn't know how to use a razor
他十分紧张以至于手都颤抖了 he was so scared that his hand trembled
当他把刀片按到前面时 as he held the blade before
他才意识到他已经将刀片深深切入肉中 he realizes it he has cut deep into his own flesh
这也是Diego脸上伤痕出现的原因 that's how Diego got the scar on his face
接着他被手铐铐住 then he's shackled and cuffed
相比人权危机 there is no more pressing
同样紧迫的 human right crisis
相比民主精神道路 no more urgent
的十字路口阻碍同样迫切的 spiritual crossroads of threads to democracy
就是我们无法认可 than our inability to recognize the
其他人的尊严 dignity of our fellow human beings
监狱设置是这样的 公开声明 the prison setting is but one manifestation of
否认社会中特定人群的 how we deny full humanity to
完整人权也是一个现象 certain members of our community
我们生活在大规模罪犯的恐慌中 we are living in the crisis of mass and prisonman
我的意思是什么？ what do I mean?
20世纪大部分时间里 for most of the 20th century
美国的罪犯很少 prisonman in United States was rare
任意某天，一千人中仅有 one in one thousand people was
一人在监牢中 behind bars on any given day
如今 每31个美国人中就有一个 now one in 31 Americans
超过7百万人 more than 7 million people
在看守所、监狱或者缓刑、假释中 is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole
而且 这31个人中的一人不包括 and that one in 31 does not include
移民监狱里 all of the folks in immigration prisons
私人监狱里关押的犯人 prisons operated by private companies
以及美国驻外军队 or the military outside of US
也不包括 nor does it account for
成千上万的儿童 the thousands upon thousands of children
有些甚至年仅7岁 some as young as 7 years old
困于全国各地的监狱中 locked behind bars across our nation
在美国 越来越多的人被监禁 the US has more people incarcerated
身陷囹圄 and more people in prison
犯罪率高于 and higher incarceration rate
任何其他国家 高于俄国 than any other nation, more than Russia
南非 墨西哥 伊朗 印度 澳大利亚 South Africa, Mexico, Iran, India, Australia
巴西以及加拿大 Brazil and Canada combined
我们国家苦难的惩罚 our national affliction to punish
构成了社会经济 constitute a part side that
与宗教的部分 a social economic and ritual
很大一部分的人困于囹圄 the vast majority of people are on prison
是因为非暴力与毒品有关的犯罪 for nonviolent drag-related offenses
他们仅接受不到9年的正规教育 have less than 9th grade formal education
出生并长大于 and born and raised
城市社区 in urban communities of
忍受密集程度的不便 concentrated disadvantage
他们之所以进入监狱 they enter prison when
是因为其他的社会制度都让他们遇挫 all other social institution has failed them
他们以正义之名踏入监狱 they enter in the name of justice
然而通常是以远比 and usually end up with wounds
可见伤痕更深的伤痕结局 usually deeper than visible scars
那 我们做了些什么？ so what do we do?
只要我们继续忍受贫穷 for as long as we tolerate poverty
生活在恐惧中 美国人都是 and live in fear Americans are complicity
罪与罚这一循环的共犯 in the cycle of crime and punishment
那么 为了改变我们 and in order to change the world
所生存的世界 in which we live
为了切断循环 in order to interrupt the cycle
我们必须认识到人类 we must understand it
对于惩罚的渴望是根深蒂固的 our hunger to punish is rooted
我相信 在传统 I believe in our legacy of
宗教思想意识形态中 traditional religions ideology
我们普遍认定 an ideology that assumes
暴力就是救赎 violence is redemptive
而且犯罪的人 and one who has transgressed
不能算作人 is a non being
因为他已经被上帝流放 as one exiled from god and
因而不算是完整的人 therefore not fully human
也不能享有相应的权利 or eligible for the rights
我们自动将他们 we automatically grand those
不当做人来看待 we do count human
神学家Walter Wink的论文是 theologian Walter Wink's thesis is
我的想法的关键 key to my thinking
我们都被全球政治的圣经给迷惑了 we are mesmerized in scripture global politics
甚至是儿童看的卡通片 even children's cartoons
都被暴力能够救赎自身的神话所影响 by the myth that violence will redeem us
如果我们能够消灭坏人 If we can just destroy the bad guy
犹大 奥沙马?本?拉登 布鲁图 Judas, Osama Bin Laden, Brutus
我们相信这样我们就能够被救赎 we believe that we will be redeemed
平安自在 safe and free
然而这是一个否认尊严 yet a myth that denies dignity
对暴力赶尽杀绝的神话 and exhausts violence betrays
这个圣经试图改变 the scripture amended to
与自身不一致的部分 alien ourselves with those who are suffering
假装自己被困在这些部分中 as if theology itself is imprisoned
我们的危机在各种层次上揭示了 our crisis reveals profound alienation
这种极度的异化 at every level
我们自身的异化 alienation from ourselves
通常创造出救赎与 which often creates pathways of
正义的途径 redemption and justice
社会的异化明显表现在 alienation from community
对他人的盲目恐惧 evidenced in the blinding fear of other
认定恐怖分子 贫困人群 the terrorist, people who are poor
酷儿群体 年迈老人 黑人 精神病者 queer, elderly, brown skin, mentally ill
是不安定因素 不是上帝的选民 not safe, not chosen
在精神异化方面 in spiritual alienation in which
传统的神学是与自身相左的 traditional theology is at odds with itself
我的第二个故事是我的亲身经历 my second story is more personal
也是一种反思 and is a kind of confession
七年了 在纽约市的 for seven years I waited table
餐厅里做服务员 in New York city restaurant
那种简单意义上的餐厅 simple restaurant ethics
理所当然地提供 bread and water are to be provided as
面包和水 a matter of course
每当有人撕碎我提供的面包 each time someone broke the bread
并无视我 I offered and neglected to see me
我注意到 当有人喝水解渴时 each time a person quenched her thirst
都没有不会看着我的眼睛 without looking me in the eyes, I noticed
我注意到这点是因为眼神交流是一个 I noticed because eye contact is an opportunity
面对眼前的生命 留 to face the life before you, to pause
并承认尊严的机会 and to recognize sanctity
为什么我们却常常 why do we so often turn away
对自己 他人敬而远之呢？ from the other, from ourselves?
为什么如此害怕面对？ why is it so terrifying to see?
研究表明没有言语交流仅仅通过 research shows that two rarely gains into
眼神交流的两人通常在十秒内转移目光 each other's eyes without to speech for
除非其中有个是婴儿 more than 10 seconds unless one is an infant
他们或者是情人 者是敌人 they are lovers, or are preparing to fight
对我来说 神学 to me theology
或者暂且称为研究 or the study what we call
上帝能够解释一切 god makes most sense
当它存活于心中且能够触及时 when it is lived and is accessible
然而 眼神交流 as eye contact
对我来说是最常见的祝福 the most common bless for me is
在神学中 却是不要与他人眼神交流 not to see human being in the eyes before us
通过服务他人 我认识到人性的另外一面 confession I learned more about humanity
而且比在研究生期间 serving people than I did
任何研讨会上学到的多 in any seminar in graduate school
第三个故事是关于我们所有人的 my third story is about all of us
它的灵感来自于我在NPR上听到的 it is inspired by a piece I heard
关于短缺的一段新闻 on NPR about scarcity
你们中有多少人玩过音乐椅子的游戏？ how many of you have ever play music chairs?
请举起你们的手 so please raise your hands
看看周围 看看周围 look around look around
请继续举着手 keep your hands up
看看这个房间有多少人玩过这个游戏 see how we filled this room
谢谢大家 thank you
现在想象你还是孩童 imagine you are a child
你来到朋友的生日派对上 you went to your friend's birthday party
穿着宴会鞋 you wearing party shoes
手拿着礼物 you have a present to give
看到厨房有一个巧克力蛋糕 you see a chocolate cake in the kitchen
心里十分高兴能来这里 and so glad to be there
接着 大人出现宣布 and then a grown-up announces that
现在开始玩音乐椅子的游戏 you are now playing music chairs
我很快就掌握了这个游戏的规则 I learned rules of that game quickly
我机灵又好斗 I was slick and aggressive
我缓慢地移动着 接着我用力一推 I would move really slowly and I shove
我们是如何教育自己的小孩呢？ what are we teaching our children?
我们在告诉他们短缺与竞争 we are teaching scarcity and competition
失败者很多 却只有一个胜利者 there are many losers and only one winner
因而这永远是不够的 and there is never enough
没有足够的资源 there're not enough resources
供每个人都享受到 for everyone to enjoy
然而 却也是足够的 well there really are enough
事实上 你可以在房间的角落看到 in fact, you can see the abundance of chairs
堆着大量的椅子 piled in the corner of the room
资源是足够的 there are enough resources
只是你无法获得它们 you just can't have access to them
尤其是那些被剥夺了获取 particular people are denied basic access to
其基本权益的特定人群 what already belongs to them
通过否认他们作为人类的尊严让他们无法 by virtual of their dignity as human beings
获得洁净的淡水 食物 避难所 教育 clean water, food, shelter, education
让我们想得更为深远一些 let us do even more than think big
让我们摆脱稀缺幻象的蒙蔽 let us shed the illusion of scarcity
直面浪费与贪婪 in the face of waste and greed
让我们抵制无视联系的暴政 let us resist the tyranny of relational amnesia
那些罪犯是我们的同类 the one in shackles is our kin
那些服务员是我们的同类 the waiter who serves us is our kin
我们相互联系 connect with each other
顺便说一下 我并不是指发短信 and btw I don't meaning texting
我指的是眼神交流 I mean eye contact
生物学教会我们认识到 biology teaches us that we are
当我们密切关注对方时 profoundly connected when we pay
我们之间的联系会十分深刻 close attention to each other
一个小的神经科学联系 a little neuron science plug
请谷歌一下 镜像神经元 please go home and google Mirror Neuron
它们的组织十分有序 they are the very mechanism by which
通过它们我们能够分享双方的经历 we share in each other's lived experience
当我们不敢面对时 when we dare to see
机会伴随着危机 with crisis comes opportunity
而你们 哈佛大学的学生 and you, students at Harvard University
有着惊人的社会资本 have staggering amounts of social capital
有着成年人的责任 and therefore man's responsibility
来改变音乐椅子游戏的规则 to shift the rules of music chairs
来改变范式 to flip the paradigm
来改变我们所玩的游戏 to change the games we play
在这个支离破碎的世界 in this broken world
Al Baker提醒我们 斗争是永恒的 Al Baker reminds us the struggle is eternal
种族在继续 the tribe carries on
对不起 种族增加 excuse me, the tribe increases
部分人背负着使命 somebody else carries on
那些人就是你们 that somebody is you
所以我给你们留下三个问题 so I leave you with three questions
作为人类的一份子 as members of the tribe
你会做些什么来抵制 what will you do to resist
非人性化的不公平 injustice born of dehumanization?
当有人帮你倒水 when someone pulls you water
你会看着他的眼睛吗？ were you look at that person in the eyes?
你会如何书写 and how will you write the rules
新经济体的规则 for the new economy in which
以最大化资源 共享资源 you maximize and share your resources
行动起来吧 act big
谢谢大家 thank you so much