世界饱受独裁统治之苦 The world suffers the hand of dictatorship
而没有别的选择 of the no alternatives
独裁统治的力量体现在在很多方面 Its power is manifested in many ways
对于社会生活的不同领域的组织 There is now a very limited range of institutional options
目前制度形式的选择范围非常小 for the organization of different areas of social life
限制性的制度选择已成为 This restrictive institutional repertory has become
当今社会的命运 the fate of the contemporary societies
有两种形式的左翼势力 There are two types of leftist
或者说进步人士 or progressives
保留一种 放弃 投降 的思想 There is a resign-surrender left
它将市场经济和全球化 It excepts the market economy in its present form
从其现有的形式和路线中排除出去 and globalization on its present course
并试图赋予它们人性 and tries to humanize them
尤其是通过税收和收入转移 and especially through compensatory redistribution
这些补偿性再分配手段 by tax and transfer
其政治学的主旨就是 The keynote of its politics is
对无法避免之事的教化 the humanization of the inevitable
它的计划就是 Its program is the program of
把它保守敌对势力的计划拿来 its conservative adversaries
再进行人性化的加工 with a humanizing discount
此外还有顽固的怀旧思想 Then there is a recalcitrant nostalgic left
无论对于目前的市场形式 It is too lax an alternative
还是全球化方向 to the present form of the market
它都过于松散 or the present direction of the globalization
它仅仅想放慢它们的前进速度 It wants simply to slow their course
那些地位较高者 The better to defend the prerogatives of
维护其历史性拥护者的特权 its historical constituency
有组织的劳动力扎根于 The organized labor force headquartered
工业中资金密集型部门 in the capital-intensive sectors of industry
世界上每个国家 In every country in the world
这一基础与整个人口相比是在缩小的 that base is a shrinking part of the population
渐渐被视为只不过是另一个利益群体 increasingly seen as just one more interest group
而不再是这个社会普遍利益的载体 rather than as the bearer of the universal interests of society
在北大西洋的各富裕国家中 In the rich north Atlantic world
那些有计划辩论的视野 the horizon of programmatic debate
已经慢慢变得狭隘 has become increasingly narrowed
现在已缩小到 down to the attempt to reconcile
试图调和美国式的经济灵活性 American style economic flexibility
与欧洲式的传承多年 and European style social protection
有限的制度框架内 within the limits
实行的社会保护 of the inherited institutional framework
这一框架是在20世纪中叶 That framework was designed in the social
为社会民主解决而设计的 democratic settlement of the middle 20th century
在这一解决方案下 Under the terms of that settlement the forces
曾经挑战过当时的权力 that challenged the existing organization of
与产品组织形式的力量 power and production
放弃了挑战 abandon the challenge
国家可以取得权力 The state was allowed to acquire the power
通过税收和财富转移实行再分配 to redistribute by tax and transfer
可以更彻底地调控经济 to regulate the economy more thoroughly
并且实施一个相反的周期性经济政策 and to conduct a counter cyclical economic policy
然而现在 当今社会最基本的问题 Now however, none of the fundamental problems
没有一个能得到解决 甚至不能说清楚 of contemporary societies can be solved or even addressed
除非我们重新开放 unless we reopen the terms of
社会民主解决 that social democratic settlement
并且在组织民主 and innovate
市场经济和自由公民社会的 in the institutional arrangement
制度布局上 that organized democracies
有所改革 market economies and free civil societies
这一无替代形式的独裁 The consequences of the dictatorship of non-alternatives
其造成的影响是深远的 are far-reaching
限制性的制度形式 The result of the restrictive institutional repertory
其结果是要抓住抵押品 is to hold hostage
比如我们公认的观念和利益 all of our recognized ideas and interests
我们的利益与观念实际上一直受到 Our interests and ideas always remain nail to the cross
将它们展现出来的制度与做法的折磨 of the institutions and practices that represent them in fact
无替代形式的独裁动摇了这一力量 The dictatorship of no-alternatives undermines the force
并挖出了目前世界上 and hollows out the content of the most powerful message
最有影响力的观念的内容 in the world today
这一观念为民主自由主义 The message shared by the revolutionary projects
和社会主义的革命计划所共享 of democracy liberalism and socialism
也为全世界流行的浪漫文化所共享 and by the world-wide popular romantic culture
民主的本质信条是 The essential creed of the democracy is faith
作为建设天才的普通人民的信仰 in the constructive genius of ordinary men and women
而流行的 革命性的 And the message of
浪漫的文化观点是 the popular revolutionary romantic culture
所有男人和女人都与神一样 is that all men and women are god-like
都能为他们自己创造更好的生活 and can raise themselves up to a greater life
在此我概述进步人士的道路 Here I outline a path for the progressives
我将其分为4步 I advance in 4 steps
诱因 方向 改变与障碍 the incitements, the direction, the change and the obstacles
首先 诱因 The incitements
第一个诱因是 A first incitement is
生产方式的巨大变革 the opportunity presented by a momentous shift
所展现的机会 in the style of production
无论是在主要的发展中国家 A new form of production is merging in the world
还是在最富有的国家 in the major developing countries
一种新的生产方式正在兴起 as well as in the richest economies
其特点并不仅仅是 It is characterized not simply
资金 技术和知识的积累 by the accumulation of capital, technology and knowledge
还有一整套生产经验主义的实践 but also by a set of practices of productive experimentalism
这些实践缩小了 These practices soften the contrast
设想与执行间的对比 between conception and execution
它们将专业化的工作角色变得有联系 They relativize the distinctions among specialized work roles
他们把相同领域内的 They mix cooperation and competition
合作与竞争结合起来 in the same domains
总而言之 它们将生产活动转变为 Above all, they transform productive activity
永恒的发现 into a collective practice of
与革新的集体行为 permanent discovery and innovation
问题是这一生产的先驱性 The problem is that this productive vanguardism
只存在于先进部门之内 remains isolated in advanced sectors
与其所在的 only weakly linked to
其他国家经济部门 the other sectors of the national economies
只有轻微的联系 in which they exist
绝大部分人性都被隔绝在外 The vast majority of humanity is excluded from them
无论是富裕国家 in richer countries
还是贫穷国家都一样 as well as in poor ones
缓和不平等的两个传统做法 The two traditional devices for the attenuation of inequality
补偿性再分配和扶持小企业 compensatory redistribution and promotion of small business
都已被证明不足以完成 prove inadequate to the task of mastering the vast forces
抓住造成不平等 of inequality
与排斥的巨大力量的任务 and of exclusion that result from
不平等与排斥来自于 this new form of
经济中新形式的等级体系 the hierarchical segmentation of the economy
正兴起的生产形式 The emerging style of production is not a horse
并非是可以带我们跑向自由的马 that we can ride to freedom
它仅仅是一个我们应该掌控 It is simply an occasion
重新引导的机会 to be mastered and redirected
第二个诱因是期望国家变得不同 A second incitement is the desire of nations to be different
民主世界里国家 The role of the nations
与民族国家的角色是 and nation-states in the world of democracies
代表着人类领域中道德的专业化 is to represent a moral specialization within mankind
人性发展其力量只是通过 Humanity develops its powers only by developing them
从不同的方向 in different directions
不同的生活形式来展现 and expressing them in divergent forms of life
为了变得强大 独立 To be strong and independent
一个国家必须放弃自己的一些部分 nations must give up a part of themselves
清掉一些有形的和习惯上的 emptying out the tangible and customary content
集体认同的内容 of their collective identities
两个邻近的民族会逐渐厌恨对方 Two neighboring peoples come to hate each other
并非是因为他们不同 not because they're different
而是因为他们慢慢变得相似 but because they're becoming alike
并且希望变得不同 and want to be different
当今民族主义的不良特性 The poisonous character of contemporary nationalism
就根源于此 lies in this
随着真正差异的消失 The desire to differ is inflamed
对差异的无望的意志 by an impotent will to difference in the presence of
激发出了对差异的渴望 the waning of actual difference
但是解决方案 But the solution
并不是退缩到空虚的世界主义 is not to retreat into an empty cosmopolitanism
而是通过制度手段 It is to equip the desire for collective difference
充实这一期望 为集体差异做准备 within institutional instruments
未来要创造的差异 The differences to be created
比我们过去的预言和 in the future matter more than
回忆中继承的差异 the differences inherited
要重要得多 from the past prophecy or memory
第三个诱因是 A third incitement is
期望数以千万计的 the desire of hundreds of millions of
普通人们 ordinary men and women
能有谦逊的成功 to rise to a condition of
与独立的生活状况 modest prosperity and independence
同时摆脱经济依赖的 and to escape the servile circumstance of
工薪阶层的奴性的环境 dependent wage labor
当年亚伯拉罕 林肯评论道 When Abraham Lincoln remarked that
没人会不想成为终身雇佣的劳动力 no one would except the life-long condition of hired labor
除非 要么是因为其独立的本性 Other than either because of independent nature
要么是因为没有远见 或是异常的不幸 or improvidence fairly or singular misfortune
他表达的观点被19世纪的 He was expressing a view widely shared
自由主义者和社会主义者广泛采用 by the liberals and socialists in 19th century
然而20世纪这一观念 But then, given up
却被左翼的理论家们摒弃 by the ideologists of the left in the 20th century
默认情况下 By default
对独立性的期望常常与小规模的 the desire for independence is commonly fixed
或孤立的家族企业的 on the narrow forms of small holding
有限形式混合在一起 or isolated family business
进步人士的任务 The task of the progressives
是按这一期望的本来内容 would be to meet this desire
来满足这一期望 on its own terms
并通过市场经济的制度重组 and to provide it with a broader range of forms of satisfaction
给予它 through the institutional reorganization of
更多满足它的形式 the market economy
方向 The direction
今天进步人士 The distinguishing feature of a progressive
或生活状态的特征是 or life position today
把致力于给普通人民带去 is to combine devotion to the achievement of the greater life
更好生活 of ordinary men and women
与社会制度重组的计划相结合 with a program for the institutional reorganization of society
19世纪时自由主义者 The liberals and socialists
和社会主义者就已明白 of the 19th century understood
平等隶属于伟大 that equality is subordinate to greatness
严重的 极端的不平等应当被视为 And entranced and extreme inequality is to be combated
达成那个更大目标的障碍而予以打击 as a restraint on the achievement of that larger objective
同时他们都有制度上的建议 And they all had an institutional proposal
社会主义者们提出政府的经济导向 for the socialist governmental direction of the economy
而自由主义者们提出 for the liberals the establishment of
建立市场经济和民主的 a single domestic version
本国独有的形式 of the market economy and of the democracy
他们对于 伟大 的看法狭隘地模仿自 Their view of greatness was too narrowly modeled
泰然自若的贵族的经验 on the aristocratic experience of self-possession
我们已不相信他们的制度模式 And their institutional formulas are no longer credible to us
但是我们必须再次强调 But we must reassert the vital combination
伟大 的观念与致力于经济 政治 between the idea of greatness and the commitment
和公民社会的制度改革 to the institutional transformation
两者的结合 of the economy, of politics, and of civil society
这就是忠于 That is the only way to be faithful to
最强有力的观念的唯一方式 the most powerful message
这一观念就是 that the political programs of
民主主义 自由主义 社会主义 democracy liberalism and socialism
与流行的浪漫的改革的 share with the popular romantic
将权利赋予普通人的思想 revolutionary message
三者所共同采纳的政治民主方案 of the empowerment of ordinary humanity
不管是什么势力 左派或右派 Whichever force, right or left
能合理体现这一充满活力 most plausibly embodies this message of vitality
能力与伟大思想的 of capability, of greatness
就能统领未来的政治生活 will command the political agenda of the future
任务 Task
现在我来列出 I now outline 4 plank
构建积极平台所需的要点 in a progressive platform
能给予普通民众 A democratized market economy that provides
更有效媒介工具的 the majority of men and women
民主化市场经济 with instruments of effective agency
能让人们的视野超越现有环境的 A form of education that allows them to see
某种形式的教育 beyond the present context
某种比财富转移 A way of organizing civil society
更能保证社会团结现实基础的 that ensures a practical basis for social solidarity
组织公民社会的方式 stronger than money transfers
以及对 危机中的改革 不再依赖的 And the high-energy democracy that diminishes
高效率的民主 the dependence of change upon crisis
这样的方案是另一种蓝图 Such a program is another blueprint
是一个方向 是连续的步骤 It is a direction, a succession of steps
它并非是建筑学而是音乐 Not architecture but music
其目的并非只是为了本土 Its intentions are not merely local
有些普遍的正统说法 比如新自由主义 A universal orthodoxy such as new liberalism
只能靠普遍化的 异端邪说 can be successfully resisted
才能被成功地抗拒 only by a universalizing heresy
因为自由主义和社会主义 as liberalism and socialism
都曾如日中天 were all in their day
现在整个世界 And the whole world is now bound together
被相似的问题与解决方案绑在一起 by a chain of analogous problems and solutions
民主化的市场经济 A democratized market economy
区分了出发点与目标 distinguishes a point of departure and horizon
出发点是要努力扩大人们 The point of departure is the effort to broaden access
对新生产先驱的接触 to the new vanguards of production
并让生产经验主义 and allow the practices of productive experimentalism
通过社会和经济的主体进行传播 to spread through large parts of society and the economy
为了达到这一目的 To this end
我们必须 we must innovate in the institutional arrangements
对塑造政企关系的制度安排进行改革 shaping the relations between governments and firms
目前世界上有两种可用的 There are now 2 models of government-firm relations
政企关系模式 available in the world
美式的武器管制 the American model of
政府管理商业的模式 Arms Control regulation of business by government
以及东北的亚洲管理模式 and the northeast Asian model of formulation
采取的是由国家官僚体系主导的 of unitary trade and industrial policy
由上到下的 imposed top down
单一贸易与工业政策 by the bureaucratic apparatus of the state
我们需要第三种形式 We require a third model
政府与企业 a form of strategic coordination
实行战略性合作 between governments and firms
这一合作是分散 多元 that is decentralized pluralistic
参与性与实验性的 participatory and experimental
而目标则是生产与劳动特性的改变 The horizon is a change in the character of production
表现在两方面 and of labor with 2 aspects
一方面是重建自由劳动力 one aspect is the reconstruction of free labor
经济不独立的工薪阶层 economically dependent wage labor
总是妥协 was always a compromise
保留了一些奴性 retaining some of the characteristics of
与一边倒的特点 slavery and surf dump
重建的目的是 The aim is to affirm predominance of
另外两种自由劳动力互相结合的形式 the 2 other forms of free labor
其优势地位的确保 combine with each other
即自主创业与合作 self-employment and cooperation
这样它们可以解决规模的问题 in such a way, that they can address the problems of scale
另一方面是 The other aspect is to change the relations
改变人与机器的关系 between people and machines
我们已了解的如何重复的工作 Everything that we have learnt how to repeat
可以用公式来表达 we can express in a formula
而可以用公式表达的东西 and whatever we can express in a formula
我们都可以放进精密的机器里 we can embody in a physical contraption of
让它们来做 a machine
机器的作用就是替我们完成 The point of machines is to do for us everything
可以重复的工作 that we have learnt to repeat
同时为我们节省时间 the better to preserve the time of our lives
做那些尚无法重复的事 for the not yet repeatable
位于起点与目标之间的 And in between the point of the departure and horizon
是市场经济的制度改革 the institutional reshaping of the market economy
从而它不再被束缚于 so that it is ceased to be fastened
其本身某个单一的制度形式 to a single institutional version of itself
另一个相似的观点认为 The familiar idea of economic freedom
经济自由作为重组生产要素的力量 as the power to recombine factors of production
在生产与交换的制度结构内 within an institutional structure of production and exchange
处于不受质疑的地位 that is left unchallenged
这一观点应当深化为 should be deepened into a larger power to innovate
生产和交换的制度安排中 in the institutional arrangements of
一股更强大的改革力量 production and exchange
私人与公有财产可以以其他形态 Alternative regimes of private and social property
逐渐在同一市场经济中 will come to coexist experimentally
实验性地共存 within the same market economy
教育 Education
民主的学校其作用是 The role of school in a democracy is
成为未来的声音 to be the voice of the future
在每个孩子身上 recognizing in every child
都能认识到沉默的好处 a tongue-tied profit
学校不应该成为那些说 The school should not serve as instrumentality of the family
你要跟我一样的家庭的工具 which says become like me
也不应沦为说 or of the state
要对我有用的国家的工具 which say be useful to me
教育应该让人看到 发现 Education is to empower the mind to see and to discover
比已有的环境可以承受的更多东西 more than the established context can countenance
我们有两个优先要务 There are 2 priorities
第一个是要协调本地的学校管理 The first priority is to reconcile
与国家投资 especially in countries that are large
和教育质量的标准 unequal and decentralized
尤其是在某些国家 the local management of the schools
国家大 又不平等 管理分散 with national standards of investment and quality
小孩接受的教育的质量 The quality of the education that a child receives
不应依赖其出生时的偶然性 should not depend on the happenstance of its birth
为了协调本地管理与国家标准 To reconcile the local managements with national standards
三个工具是必备的 3 tools are necessary
第一个是国家对表现的评估系统 The first is a national system of evaluation of performance
第二个是 The second is
将资源和人员 a mechanism to redistribute resources and staff
从较富裕地区重新分配到 from richer places
贫穷地区的机制 to poor places
第三是对地方失败的学校体系 The third is a procedure for corrective intervention
进行纠正性干预的流程 in local failing school systems
第二要务是 The second priority is radically to change
大幅改革教与学的方式 the way of teaching and learning
认为信息率属于分析与解决问题 It is not enough to subordinate information
是不够的 to analysis and problem solving
同样 放弃肤浅的百科全书式的知识面 or to sacrifice superficial encyclopedic coverage
代之以选择性的深化的分析能力 to selective deepening in the service of analytic capability
或者相比个人主义同独裁主义的结合 or to prefer cooperation to the combination
更偏好合作 这些都是不够的 of individualism and authoritarianism
在接受知识的方法方面 It is also necessary to establish in the approach
树立辩证的态度也是必要的 to receive knowledge a dialectical attitude
每一学科都应该 Every subject should be addressed
从至少两个对立的方面来阐释 from at least 2 contrasting points of view
公民社会 Civil society
即便是在世界上最平等的国家 In even the most equal countries in this world
以社会权利形式进行的财富转移 money transfers in the form of social entitlements
已成为社会团结的主要基础 have become the major basis of social solidarity
但作为社会的粘合剂 金钱的作用太弱 Money is too weak a social cement
作为社会团结基础的唯一形式 The only adequate basis of social solidarity
就是直接负有照顾他人的责任 is direct responsibility to take care of other people
年幼的 年长的或是残疾人 穷人 The very young, the very old or the deformed and the needy
都在每个人自己的家庭范围之外 outside the boundaries of one's own family
每个有能力的成年人 Every able bodied adult
都至少应有两个社会位置 should have at least 2 positions in society
一个在生产系统中 One in the production system
另一个位于关怀经济中 the other in the caring economy
社会团结的实践基础的改变 This change in the practical basis of social solidarity
需要我们提供社会服务的方式 should be prepared by an innovation in the way
以及它自己权利中的许多价值 in which we provide public services
先进行改革 and an innovation of enormous value in its own right
我们现在有的是政府提供的 What we now have is the bureaucratic provision
标准化 低质量的公共服务 of standardized low-quality public services
这就意味着 That is to say
比类似的服务质量更低的公共服务 public services of lower quality than the analogous services
有钱人可以花钱买到 then can be bought by those who have money
而唯一的可选形式似乎就是 And the only alternative seems to be the privatization
利益驱动下的公共服务私有化 of public services in favor of profit-driven forms
然而我们有另一个选择 There is however another option
即国家采取行动 that the state act to equip
丰富 资助 协调独立的公民社会 to finance and to coordinate independent civil society
从而它就享有 so that it shares
竞争性与实验性的 in the competitive and experimental provision
公共服务的供给 of public services
这也是提高公共服务质量的最好方法 That is the best way to enhance their quality
同时 and at the same time
还能创造出 to create the arrangements and attitudes
适于更高级别 hospitable to
社会凝聚力的安排与态度 a higher level of social cohesion
民主制 Democracy
民主政治并非另一个 Democratic politics is not just one more terrain
进行制度实验的领域 for institutional experimentation
在此领域中 我们决定 It is the area in which we determine the condition
其他所有领域安排的修订 for the revision of the arrangements
需要什么条件 in all the other areas
目前世界上已有的民主 The democracies that now exist in this world
依旧进行着危机基础上的改革 continue to make change upon crisis
它们有一条规则 无危机 不改革 Their rule is no crisis, no change
一个高效率的民主社会 A high-energy democracy will diminish the dependence
会消除改革对危机的依赖性 of change upon crisis
而不是简单地将民主制转变为 and turn democracy not simply into a form of majority rule
少数服从多数的形式 qualified by minority rights
更将其转变为集体创新的做法 but also into a collective practice of the creation of the new
一个高效率的民主制要求 A high-energy democracy requires 5 sets of
五套集中的制度改革 convergent institutional innovations
第一套改革是 The first set of innovations is designed to
增加政治温度的设计 increase the temperature of politics
即公共生活中有组织的 the level of organized
流行的契约的程度 popular engagement in public life
政治应有丰富的结构内容 The premises that the politics with rich structural content
有了这一前提 is necessarily
就必定是高温的政治 a high-temperature politics
改革通过竞争 Innovations that establish
建立了财政学 the public financing with campaigns
使有组织的社会运动 that extend free access to the means of mass communication
以及其他政党 to the benefit of the organized social movements
都能自由接触大众传媒的各种形态 as well as the political parties
这也将选举体制转变为 And that change the electoral regimes in ways
适于展现一些确切的社会选择的方式 that favor the presentation of definite options for society
第二套改革方案加快了政治步伐 A second set of innovations hastens the pace of politics
举个例子 Take the example of
美国的总统制 American style presidential government
在拉美被广泛地效仿 imitated in much of Latin America
它把自由主义的分权思想 It combines a liberal principle of fragmentation of power
同保守主义的政治 with the conservative principle of
减速思想结合在一起 the slowing down the politics
其结果是要建立 The result is to establish a kind of correspondence
政治改革雄心与实施前必须克服的 between the transformative ambition of a political project
宪法上的严重障碍 and severity of the constitutional obstacles
这二者之间的一致性 they must overcome to be implemented
我们的兴趣是 Our interest is
再度审视这一自由主义的原则 to reaffirm the liberal principle
但要批判保守方的原则 but to repudiate the conservative one
美国人以为他们生来就 The Americans imagine
必定是联合在一起的 that they are naturally and necessarily combined
然而他们不是 They are not
他们是因被设计来 They're combined by designed
抑制社会政治改革而联合在一起 to inhibit the political transformation of the society
如果我们面临政府总统制形式的改革 If the context is that of a presidential form of government
我们应为政体做好准备 we would equip the regime with the instruments
快速解决 for the rapid overcoming of
各政治派别间的僵死局面 deadlock between the political branches
比如说 For example
每个政治派别都很乐意享有 either of the political branches would enjoy the prerogative
召集提前选举的特权 of calling early elections
然而一般这种选举 which however would always be bilateral
对双方派别而言总是双边的 for both political branches
这样 In this way the branch
利用这种宪法特权的派别 that exercises the constitutional prerogative
就要为其制造的选举风险 would have to pay the political price of
付出政治代价 running the electoral risk
第三套改革将会发掘出 A third set of innovations would exploit
经验主义者对于联邦制的可能性 the latent experimentalist potential of a federal regime
国家的不同区域 Different parts of the country
甚至是社会的不同部门 or even different sectors of society
乐于拥有不同于通用的解决方案 would enjoy the right to opt out of the general solutions
然后为未来创造相反模式的权利 and to create counter models of the future
同时不用担忧 without it being the case that the grief of deviation
某些地区或部门可以存在的偏差 that is allowed to one locality or one sector
延伸至其他所有部门 would have be universalized for all of them
第四套改革要建立一个国家 A fourth set of innovations establishes
一种独特的力量甚至是一股新势力 in a state, a distinct power or even a new branch
它们从设计 designed
准备到合法化都是为了救助 equipped and legitimated to come to the rescue
那些受到排斥 of groups suffering from forms of exclusion
处于劣势的团体 or disadvantage
这些团体 from which
即便运用它们已有的集体行动 they're unable to escape
也无法从其恶劣的现状中逃出 by the means of collective action that are available to them
这是一种结构上的 It is a form of structural
但又本地化的干预形式 but localized intervention
在目前的政府组织形式的有限范围内 that does not fit within the limits
它并不适用 of the present organization of government
第五套改革应在有直接 A 5th set of innovations
或参与式民主成分的 in richest representative democracy
最富裕的代议制民主国家中进行 with elements of direct or participatory democracy
适于以这种方式 The best terrain in which
促进改革的最佳领域 to advance in this way
是实验地 竞争地提供公共服务中 is the engagement of independent civil society
独立公民社会的契约 in the experimental and competitive provision of public services
市场经济 教育 公民社会 The path marked by these changes
以及民主制等组织形式上的变化 in the organization of the market economy
展示的改革道路 of education, of civil society and of democracy
有其相似的副本 has as its counterpart
即重新认识世界政治经济秩序 A reshaping of the world political economic order
全球化并没有一个 Globalization is not there
要么要要么放下的基础 on a take-it-or-leave-it basis
我们也并未限定于 We are not confined to
多一点 或者 少一点 having more of it and less of it
我们需要不同的全球化 We need a different globalization
自二战后世界上已发展的 The political and economic order that
政治经济秩序 has been developed in the world since the World War II
是以政治安全和经济开放为名的 is a(INAUDIBLE)in project
计划中的一个(听不清) in the name of political security and economic openness
它威胁要强行集中相同的 It threatens to impose on all of humanity
制度与行为 of formula of compulsive convergence
并强加到所有人类身上 to the same set of institutions and practices
而实际上我们的利益在于 When in fact our interest lies in radical experiments
市场经济 自由的公民社会 in the institutional forms, of the market economy
以及民主制等制度形式上的 of free civil society
根本性尝试 and of the democracy
以世界贸易体制为例 Take the example of the world trade regime
世界上正在形成的贸易体制 The regime that is being established in the world
遵照四条全都应该改变的原则 conforms to 4 principles all of which should be replaced
第一个原则是 The first principle is
最大化自由贸易的机会 to maximize the opportunity for free trade
然而自由贸易并非是目标 but free trade is not an end
而只是一种方式 it is just the means
真正的目标应该是 The end should be the coexistence
随着世界经济秩序越来越进步和开放 of alternative experiences of civilization
文化的可选择的经验 and alternative trajectories of development
与发展可选择的道路 within a world economic order
二者的共存 that becomes progressively more open
第二条原则是以自由贸易的名义 The second principle is to impose on the trading nations
把抽象的市场经济理论的推崇 in the name of free trade
和对具体的市场经济形式的推崇 adherence not simply to an abstract of market economy
都强加到贸易国家身上 but to a particular version of the market economy
举个例子 有些富国凭借产权补贴 That's for example to outlaw under the label subsidies
这些富国 all the forms of strategic coordination
曾运用来致富的 between governments and firms
采用各种政企战略合作形式致富 that the countries now rich use to become rich
或者采纳19世纪末期 or to incorporate
从最古老的知识产权中 into the rules of free trade
发展而来的自由贸易的规则 the oldest regime of intellectual property
这些都应该被认定是非法的 developed since the late 19th century
通过控制少数大型跨国公司 That places many of the technological innovations
这些做法给予我们许多 of greatest value to humanity
对于人类 in the control of
有巨大价值的科技革命 the a handful of big multinational businesses
我们应该用 制度最小化主义 We should replace these institutional maximalism
替换掉这些 制度最大化主义 by an institutional minimalism
即最大程度的 the greatest economic openness
经济开放 with the least possible restraint
受到最低程度的国家制度尝试的拘束 on national institutional experiments
也包括市场经济 including experiments
组织形式的尝试 in the ways to organize market economy
第三个原则是准许商品和资本 A third principle is to grant goods and capital
增强其在世界上的作用 increasing freedom to role in the world
同时将人们束缚在一个民族国家 while imprisoning people in a nation state
或者一片相对相似的民主国家群之中 or in blocks of relatively homogeneous nation states
比如说 欧盟就是这样 such as the European Union
劳动力自由流动 Freedom for labor to move
从来都不可能瞬间就建立起来 could never be instantaneously established
而应该让物品 资金和人慢慢 逐步地 but things, money and people should gain freedom together
跨越国界 一起获得自由 to cross national frontiers in small accumulative steps
要达成世界上更广大的均衡 There is no more powerful mechanism by which
是没有什么更强大的机制 to achieve greater equalization
可以利用的 in the world
物品 资金的自由流通 The freedom of things and of money to move
有时有益 有时有害 is sometimes useful and sometimes harmful
但人力流动的自由是(听不清) But the freedom of people to move is (INAUDIBLE)
因为这是人类变得团结与多元化 because it is part of the process
过程的一部分 by which humanity becomes both unified and diverse
第四条原则是世界贸易体系 The 4th principle is that the world trading system
正因全球自由劳动力存在而组织起来 is being organized on the pretense of universal free labor
不管经济上有依赖性的工薪阶层 No matter how impressive the conditions
其实际状况有多么惊人 of economically dependent wage labor in fact are
自由劳动力必须是真正自由的 Free labor must be really free
将来 自由劳动力必须意味着 And in the future free labor must mean
自主创业与合作的形式 the predominance of self-employment and cooperation
对于经济有依赖性的工薪阶层 over economically
有明显优势 dependent wage labor
世界贸易体系再分配的例子 This example of reconstruction of the world trading system
说明了一个更大的原则 illustrates a larger principle
我刚才概述的 The progressive program
这一积极的计划有其盟友 that I have outlined has as its ally
就是建设一个世界政治经济新秩序 The construction of a world political and economic order
相较于现有的秩序 more hospitable to alternatives
新秩序对于新观念 分歧 实验 to divergence, to experiments, to heresies
甚至是异端邪说都更具有包容性 than the order that is now established
障碍 The obstacles
请大家想象一个类似于我刚刚论述的 Consider an intellectual and a spiritual obstacle
积极的方案受到的 to a progressive program
智力与精神上的障碍 like the one I have sketched
社会与历史学科的整个领域中 The prevailing ideas in the whole field
流行的观念 of social and historical studies
对于探索其他制度形式 are antagonistic to
是持敌对态度的 the exploration of the institutional alternatives
对于未来的实际思考的洞察力 They have several delink between the insight
他们有不少脱节之处 into the actual imagination of the possible
他们已经变成了问题 They have become part of the problem
而不是解决方法的一部分 rather than part of the solution
迷信的源头构成了对宿命论的赞同 Sources of superstition forming a chorus of fatalism
总之 我们要在政治经济学中形成一个 Above all we need to form in political economy
对政治构想的 a legal analysis
各原则之间的合法分析 between disciplines of the institutional imagination
这个积极方案的目的 An aim of the progressive program
是要创造一个世界 is to create a world
在此世界中危机不再需要充当 in which trauma no longer needs to be
促进环境变革的力量 the enabling circumstance of transformation
然而我们消除 Nevertheless the institutions
依赖于危机进行改革的 that we diminished the dependence
制度本身 of the change upon crisis
似乎也依赖于危机 themselves seem to
而建立 depend for their establishment upon crisis
只有设想能够打破这一恶性循环 Only the imagination can break this vicious circle
设想的任务是 The task of the imagination is
在没有危机的情况下做好工作 to do the work of crisis without crisis
对于利益的核心预测 The core calculus of interest must be reinforced
应当通过想象力的推动 by the visionary impulse
先知的声音来巩固 by the prophetic voice
进步人士的目标 The goal of the progressives
不可能仅仅是教化整个社会 was never just to humanize society
缓和其残酷性 或者阐述其不公平 to attenuate its cruelties and to address its injustice
同时更长久地是崇尚人性 It was always also to divinize humanity
领导我们进入更好的生活 to raise us up to a greater life