SHOP是个首字母缩写 SHOP is an acronym,
最初是个我们几个姓的首字母缩写 originally was an acronym,
代表了Sharples Holden Pasquarelli that stood for Sharples, Holden, Pasquarelli ,
但四年前我们把自己的姓从公司名中拿走了 but we actually took our names off the firm
现在就只是SHOP了 about four years ago and its now just SHOP
公司是由五个人创立的 and there were five partners that founded the firm
但只有三个姓 这让很多人都不解 even though its three names which confuses everybody
所以我们做了一个图向大家解释 so we made this chart to explain it to everyone.
我们五个都是哥伦比亚大学的 So all five of us went to Columbia and so that's
这个我们建筑学毕业的年份 the year that we graduated with our M.Arch. degrees
在绿框里的 and if you are in the green bar
代表已经结婚了 it means that you're married
两人共享银行账户之类的 and share things like bank accounts
用浅灰色的线连起来的 and if you're in the sort of light grey blob here,
是同卵双胞胎 you're identical twins
两人共享一个基因 and share things like genetic code
合作实际上从 and the partnership actually started
我和Bill是建筑学校 when Bill and I were housing school,
哦 对不起 还是建筑伙伴的时候就开始了 er were, I am sorry, were housing partners
建筑伙伴是在哥伦比亚的一个学期 which was the one semester at Columbia
必须要以两人一组的形式作业 where you had to work in teams of two and
另外一个很有意思的事是 I think one of the other interesting things
我们每个人在进入开始建筑设计之前 as I also mentioned is that all of us had other careers
都做过其他的工作 before we went into architecture,
从美术 工程 so everything from fine arts and engineering and
甚至到投资银行 into actually even investment banking,
这实际上 and I think that it's actually
是我们一直想要和增加入公司的元素 part of what we actively try and recruit at the firm.
这是在SHOP工作的人们 Here are some of the people that work at SHOP and
我们一直想要有多样性 that we really try and look for that kind of diversity
有开阔的思维 and that kind of open think-tank mentality to
尝试把其他领域解决问题的方法 try and bring other methods of problem solving
带入建筑中 from other fields into architecture
公司成长了很多 and you know the firm has grown quite a bit,
开始只有我们5个人 it started with the five of us and
2007年 我们有65人 as of 2007 we were about 65.
中间我们扩张到了80人 We actually grew to about 80,
现在我们有回到了大约60人 we are back down to around 60 at this point
希望很快能重新回到80人 and hopefully getting back to 80 very quickly,
我们五个人实际上并没有 but you know the 5 of us didn't really have sort of
类似 相同的形式感 like a common stylistic sense.
我们 We really were,
我觉得大概是因为我们来自不同的领域 I think because we came from other fields,
我们曾经有些迷茫 we were a little bit confused, especially sort of
特别是对80年代末 90年代初的 in the late eighties, early nineties
建筑界 in architectural discourse
和20世界后半页 and the way in which architecture had been divided
建筑学被划分的方式 in the second half of the twentieth century
建筑学被分成了图纸建筑师 between sort of paper architects,
即负责思考和艺术 the people that were producing culture and thinking
等设计的人 and all the fantastic design
和服务建筑师 and the kind of service architects,
即负责实际建筑 the people that could actually put buildings together
知道怎么建造的人 and knew how to get things done,
他们基本上就告诉我们 and, you know, they basically told us in school,
你必须得从两个中选一个 you had to choose one or the other
这对于我们事件很可怕的事 and that was really a kind of horrifying thing to us,
我们不懂 we didn't understand why
为什么得二选其一 you had to choose one or the other.
在同一段时间 And I think at the same time,
也正是在这个时候 there's this sort of moment
我们尝试着从一个旁观者的角度 where we were trying to understand again as outsiders
再认识风格的循环 this kind of, you know, cycle of stylistic consumption
建筑学开始沉迷于 that architecture had become obsessed with
只要新的理论出来 where there was a new theory,
它就开始书写新历史 it came out of writing history whatever,
然后相应建筑形式产程 then it got a kind of form attached to it,
然后就能在现代艺术博物管举行大型展览 then it got its big show at MoMA,
它开始很流行 then it sort of was popular
进入了纽约时代周刊 and made it into the New York Times
然后就被批评 and then it was discredited and then
就不再流行了 it was out of fashion
这对于我们来说很荒谬 and it was ridiculous to us,
对于我们来说 and you know, to us it was just, you know,
没有意义 about as meaningful as this.
我们五个人聚在一起的原因是 So I think that the reason the five of us came together
我们感觉有一样 was that we felt that there was something
更有趣 more interesting
我们想看看我们能不能两者兼得 and we wanted to see if we could
并成立一个公司 make a both/and firm.
一个熟悉前沿理论 A firm that could be well versed in cutting edge theory
能够推动设计 could really push design,
能够促使建筑师 could push what architects
创造出更有文化性的设计 could produce as part of culture
但同时又知道怎么建造 but also knew how to put the buildings together
怎么服务客户 and could service the clients
可以建造大规模 and could build at very large scale,
不同规模 包括大规模建筑的公司 at various scales, including large scale.
其中的一个关键就是 And I think that one of the key things was that
我们想要到超越形式 we wanted to move beyond a kind of style
所以我们开始 and so the way we started to look at things was really
以性能为基础的设计眼光看待看待事物 looking at this idea of performance based design.
设计不再是从画面而来 Design that wasn't coming from a kind of image
而是真正想要弄清楚房屋是如何建造的 but really trying to figure out how buildings worked
以及形式的不同 and what they did and
对其会有什么影响 how a form could influence those things.
在1996年 This is sort of 1996
但是我们在关注航天 and we were really looking at aerospace
和汽车业 他们的设计 and the automotive industry as the places where,
虽然不是完美的 although certainly not perfect,
但是他们最注重把性能为中心的设计 but where performance based design was the most engaged
作为一种思考方式 as a kind of thinking and a way of
将形式和性能结合 making that relationship between form and performance.
当然 And of course
最能够性能化设计 the most classic place the performance based design
成功和失败的例子的就是在大自然中 succeeds and fails is in nature
但是当寻找自然中的两者关系时 but we started to get this relationship down
我们发现 where we started to get kind of excited because
当性能令人满意的时候 we realised when things worked well
他们看以来也不错 they also sort of looked good
这让我们很兴奋 and that was kind of exciting to us, that
然后你就能开始中这种方式思考建筑 you could start to think about buildings in that way
开始运用 and really began to use the
90年代中期兴起的数码技术 emerging digital technology in the mid-nineties
它能够很快的让我们 which was kind of fast enough for us to begin
开始模拟测试 to do simulations to really test
设计和实用性联系强弱 if form and performance had a strong connection.
当然我们也看建筑史 Of course we looked at the history of architecture
材料生产 设计 装饰 and the production of material and form and ornament
以及它和科技的关系 and its connection to technology and
我们看到了这些之间的关联 we saw these long standing relationships.
尽管如此 在那段时间 And even though, at that time,
从这些试验中得出的结论 the sort of output from these experiments
基本上都是复杂的形式 was often complex form and there was this incredibly
建筑史上有很长的复杂形式史 long history of complex form in architecture,
这其中的一个关键是 the key thing was that
在复杂设计盛行的时候 when complex form was making things this way,
非常依赖于劳力 你们知道的 it was all based on labour, and, you know,
当时材料便宜 对不起 materials were cheap, I'm sorry,
材料昂贵 劳动力便宜 materials were expensive and labour was cheap
所以能够以那种方式建房子 and so you could build in one particular way
但是进入20世纪后半页 but in the latter parts of the twentieth century
以及现在 贵的成了劳动力 and currently, its labour that's expensive
便宜的是材料 and materials that are cheap.
所以我们很早就意识到了 And so very early on we realised that the only way
我们 we were going to try and get some of this built,
作为一个年轻的公司 especially as a young firm
预算没有已经成名的公司那么多 that wasn't in a kind of command the budgets
能够建造像这样的建筑唯一方式 that more established architects would get
就是利用CNC技术 would be to take advantage of CNC technology and so
所以在98 99 2000年 我们决定 in 98, 99, 2000 we decided to sort of invest all of
完全投入CNC技术 our thinking into CNC technology,
开始用电脑来 to start using the computer as a way to
来润饰 并尝试 fabricate this and to try and get towards
开始想到大量定制 the idea of mass customisation.
现在我们开始意识到一件事 And now one of the things that we started to realise,
我会通过讲解一些项目 and I'll show it to you
来展示给大家 as we kind of go through some of the projects,
我们意识到了平面 截面和立面 was that the notion of plan, section and elevation
局限了我们 really to us became a kind of limited language
我们想要 and that there's something that
真正挑战一下 we were really trying to challenge there, in that
因此公司对于重新评估的想法 a lot of the investigation and research of the firm
进行了很多的投资和研究 has gone into the idea of re-evaluating
这是 and that's the best method for us to sort of
让需要建造和装修房子的人 get our ideas across to the people
理解我们的最好的方法 who need to fabricate and build buildings.
所以对于我们来说 And so for us,
外形从来都不是最重要的 it really was never the form that mattered,
如何做出来的 it was how something was made
它能有什么作用对于我们来说才是最重要的 and what it did that mattered to us the most.
所以不论是 And so whether that was,
我们越是进入这个领域 and the more we sort of pushed into this realm
我们就越觉得我们 the more that we realised we were kind of
又退回到了 just going backwards in a way towards
建筑商的角度 a kind of master builder sensibility if you will,
所以无论是 so whether it's a few of the bricks
布鲁内莱斯基设计的穹隆顶上的砖 from Brunelleschi's dome
还是我们为波特公寓 or three of the four thousand custom pieces of zinc
订制的三四千个锌的部件 we made for the Porter House,
我们意识到有一些领域 we realised that there were territories
在过去的30 40 50年里 that had been given up by architecture
被建筑界放弃了 over the past thirty, forty, fifty years
是时候我们 and that it was time for us to sort of
把它们带回来 负起责任 grab them back and take responsibility
和风险 重新思考 and take risk and rethink the way
建筑 建筑师能够 in which architecture, architects could practise
不断将设计推向极致的方法 in order to push the limits of design.
这是AIA(美国建筑师协会)文件中 So this is the only drawing in the AIA documents
唯一的图片 我们认领这是人类史上 and we have determined that this is the worst drawing
最糟的一幅图 ever made in the history of mankind.
这幅图是由律师们画的 And this is a drawing that is made by lawyers
为了就是想要让建筑师 房屋拥有者 to try and make architects and owners and
和承包商掐架 这样律师们 contractors fight, in order to force them to
自己将来有活干了 have work for the rest of their lives.
我不是在开玩笑 And I'm not kidding,
我不是在 耍幽默 I'm not being facetious and so
我们要真正开始 I think that a lot of the way we really started to
开始重新思考 push practice in thinking about it was to
就是要挑战这个图 really try and challenge this diagram.
显然它非常根深蒂固 Now obviously it's very entrenched.
在开始做它之前有很多要注意 There are a lot of things that you have to
但我认为一步一步来 watch out for as you do it, but I think step by step
今天我要展示的就是 and what I'll show tonight is
用6 7个项目 来讲述 six or seven projects that just talk about
一个年轻的公司如何尝试带回以前的元素 how a young office sort of tried to grab these things
在每个项目中更进一小步 and just in each project take sort of one little step,
通过研究和发展 推动建筑业 with sort of R and D that boat, push the architecture,
推动科技 推动建造方法之后的 push the technology and push this kind of structure
结构的发展 behind the way in which things get made.
所以在非常早 我的意思是在最早的时候 So very early on, I mean I think that the earliest one,
最容易想到的开始的方法就是 and kind of the most obvious way to start was
吸收顾问的意见 把它们加入设计过程 absorbing the consultants into the design process.
当然 这个意思就是把工程师 Now of course I mean we're bringing the engineers
工程师 和结构工程师带进来 in and the mechanical and the structural guys,
但并不止这样 but it wasn't really that,
实际上是在我们开始设计之前 it was actually bringing the fabricators
把制造者们甚至分包商们 and even the sub-contractors into the office
都带到办公室 before we would even design anything.
所以这么意思就是 So, you know, by saying, you know,
如果我们要用铁做什么的话 well if we want to make something out of metal,
我们就把铁匠叫来问他们 铁片多大 let's bring metal workers in, how big are the sheets,
你们怎么折和修减它们的 how do you fold them, how do you clip them,
我有哪八种方法能弄弯它 what are the eight ways I can bend it,
怎么弯贵 what makes a bend expensive,
怎么弯便宜 what makes a bend cheap.
一包有多少铁片 How many sheets come in a package?
而这些参数实际上 And all those kinds of parameters were things
都会被放入设计过程 that actually got fed into the design process before
在我们开始做设计草图之前 we ever sketched what we thought the building would be.
就是这种我们在设计之初 And I think that that was a kind of attitude that we
持有的态度 你们会看到 took right from the beginning that actually you'll see
推动了很多作品的产生 drove a lot of the work as it went forward.
Ila提到了我们在2000年 So Ila mentioned P.S.1 which we won in 2000,
2000年的夏天得到的P.S.1奖 the summer of 2000, and I'm sure everyone here,
我相信这儿的所有人或者大多数人 or most people are familiar with
对于这个赛事都应该很熟悉 this competition at this point.
有趣的一点是 The year before we won it,
在我们之前一年获奖的是 a young architect named Philip Johnson won it,
一个叫Philip Johnson的年轻建筑师 the year before we did it, and which was interesting,
然后他们来找我们 and then they came to us and I think
他们会有约两千人 they got about two thousand people per weekend
从P.S.1来参加这个叫暖身的派对 out to P.S.1 for this party that's called 'Warm up.'
然后P.S.1 的主管Alanna Heiss And then Alanna Heiss, the director of P.S.1
和但是当代美术馆的建筑馆馆长 and Terry Riley, who at the time was
Terry Riley 跟我们说 the architecture curator at MoMA said
我们应该利用这个机会 we should use this as an opportunity to
让年轻建筑师们试验 let young architects experiment in the spirit of
在当代美术馆的花园里 the sort of houses that were built in the garden
建房子 at the museum of modern art.
我们当时的方案是城市沙滩 So our programme was an urban beach
第一个问题是 and the first question we said was well
怎么考虑它的实用性 how would you think about that performatively
城市沙滩是不是需要沙子和水 and do you need sand and water in order to
我们的回答是 不然 have an urban beach and so we said not really,
如果你能有乘凉的区域 有地方换衣服 if you had sort of shaded areas, places to change,
有地方让人坐 有地方活动跳舞 places to sit, places to move and dance
有地方把自己弄湿 实际上你已经有沙滩了 and places to get wet, you would in fact have a beach.
所以我们的想法是用几个表面 And so the idea was to take a series of surfaces
只要改变表面 and just mutate those surfaces so that
这个项目就能沿着这些表面 the programme could evolve along those surfaces
和其占据的空间发展 and the spaces that it captured.
另外一个关于沙滩的实用特性的 Now the other thing that we thought was interesting
我们觉得很有趣的一点是 about the performative nature of a beach
长廊的想法 was the idea of the promenade.
事实上 当你坐在沙滩上时 The fact that you either sit on the beach and you
你要么看着别人散步 或者你自己散会儿步 watch everyone walk by or you go for a walk and
找找朋友 you look for your friends and there's always
沙滩上人们总这样 that interaction that occurs on a beach.
所以 这是P.S.1的院子 So this is the courtyard at P.S.1 and
这儿就是博物馆 here's actually the museum.
你从这儿进来 这是售票处 You enter here, this is the ticket booth, and then
然后走上这些台阶 you go up these stairs and that's
那就是正门 actually the front door
这是雕塑公园 and this is the sculpture garden.
我们这样安排建筑 And so we place the architecture in such a way
让人们能在"沙滩"闲逛 that the people hanging out at dunescape
在白天 during the day were the people who
人们坐在沙滩上看着 sitting on the beach and the kind of unsuspecting
来往博物馆的人们这样穿过这个建筑 museum goers passed through the architecture
就像是在闲庭信步 in such a way that they became the promenaders.
我有三个礼拜的时间设计它 And we had three weeks to design it,
三周时间建造它 and three weeks to build it
有5万美元的预算 and a budget of fifty thousand dollars
空间是8千平方英尺 for an eight thousand square foot space.
所以我们说一切都得简单 So we said well we'd better make it simple,
这是唯一的方法 it's the only way to do it,
所以我们只用了一个结构元素 and so we said let's take just one structural element
宽厚两尺的衫木板 which were two by two sticks of cedar
我们把他们摆成A B A B结构 and we set them up at an A B, A B configuration,
把连接点作为花键 the connection point being the spline that
通过推拉它表面弯曲 we pushed and pulled in order to make the surface bend
移动以此让那些项目的每一个 and move in order to allow every one of
都能在这个表面上展开 those programmes to unfold on the surface.
这是第一个草图 This was, sort of, the first sketch of that,
这些是早起的模型 these were the early models.
这是结构模型 This is actually the model of the element.
红色部分是A的 蓝色部分是B的 The reds are the A's, the blues and the B's,
Alanna Heiss当时跟我们说 and Alanna Heiss, she said to us,
"我希望你们建造一个 'I'd like you to produce an architecture that
会让人们无法无天的建筑" encourages as much illicit behaviour as possible.'
我们问她这是什么意思 So we said, well what do you mean by that?
她说 "我想让人们把衣服脱离 And she said 'I'd like people to take off their clothes
随便吸烟" and smoke as much as possible.
所以我们实际上直接在厚厚的墙壁里 So we actually embedded huge ashtrays right into
嵌入了很大的烟灰缸 the thickness of the walls themselves and
所有的尺寸都是根据人体尺寸来的 all of the dimensions were all taken from dimensions
就是希望人们在能够 of the human body which were meant for people
不停的触摸它们 to overlap and continually touch while
但人们在建筑中的时候 they were involved in the architecture itself.
这是建筑图纸集 Now this is the construction drawing set.
它并不是没有重点的 It's not out of focus
这一种的每一幅图 and each one of these drawings,
这儿是一个放大的 here's one blown up,
都是15尺高 30尺长 was fifteen feet high by thirty feet long
是全尺寸的样板 that were put down as full scale templates
你只要按照这些颜色和顺序 and you basically just followed the colours
沿着端线 and the sequence and you followed the back lines
把两片连在一起 and you lined up the two pieces and
每当它们交叉的时候 whenever they crossed
你就用不锈钢螺丝固定 you hit it with a stainless steel screw
然后修剪边缘 and you trimmed off the two edges
Z坐标就在这儿底下 and the Z coordinates are down here in the bottom
所以你们可以看到 部件能够又快 and so you could see the pieces going together
又不费钱地就被装好了 very quickly and inexpensively.
然后我们在场地挖坑 And then we dug in the courtyard
弄上一片 顶上有高压喷雾器喷头的 and we planted a forest of steel trees that
钢树 had high pressure mister heads on the top
这是它们装好的样子 and here's the dune scape when it was finished
然后每隔15 20分钟 and then about every fifteen or twenty minutes,
它们就会喷雾 让这个院子潮湿 they will blast and fill the entire courtyard with mist
当你躺在那儿晒日光浴的时候 which was, as you were lying there baking in the sun
就会有海的水沫 would be the sort of spray off the ocean and
会打湿衫木 would hit the cedar and wet the cedar and
让这个院子有衫木奇妙的味道 give this incredible smell to the whole courtyard.
这儿 你们能看到 But, you know, here you could start to see
从长凳到墙的平稳过渡 the kind of smooth transition from a bench to a wall,
或者说从有形的区域到池子的过渡 or from a kind of shaded area to a pool.
这是开展的前夜 This was the night before the opening;
它们把院子给了我们一晚 they gave us the courtyard for one night,
所以我们就在池子里注满了啤酒 so we filled the pool with beer,
开了个派对 and had our own party.
这是一些内部空间 And then these were some of the interior spaces.
另外很有趣的一点是 The other thing that was also very interesting was
我们在结构的厚度里面 we developed a series of secret chambers
弄出了一系列的密室 inside the thickness of the structure itself,
设计是能容纳两个人 that were designed for two people at a time,
或者三个人一起 or three people at a time
你蜷缩在里面 that you could crawl inside and
就能看到在派对的每个人 you could see everybody at the party
但没人能看到你 but nobody could see you.
在整个夏天它们都被极好的利用了 They were unbelievably well used all summer long.
这是沙滩典型的一天 And this was a typical day at dune scape.
有趣的是 And the interesting thing that happened was
有很多媒体关注了我们 we got a lot of press from this
人们对这个建筑很兴奋 and people were excited about the architecture
有很多关于它的报导 and we had so many articles that it actually
随后它实际上每个礼拜吸引了超过8000人 drew more than eight thousand people per week end.
然后当夏天过去 And sort of as the summer was winding down
我坐在那儿打发时间 I was kind of sitting there hanging out
然后想到 and I said 'That's interesting.
多出来的6000人乘以10周 Six thousand additional people times ten weeks
乘以10美元入场费 再加上平均每人3杯啤酒 times ten dollars admission plus three beers
一个热狗或者汉堡 and a hotdog or hamburger average and suddenly
突然我意识到我们那年给博物馆 I realised we generated about a million dollars
多带来了差不多100万美元的收入 in additional revenue for the museum that year
而我们的奖金是一万二美元 and our fee was twelve thousand dollars.
然后我说 这儿有问题 And I said 'something's really wrong with
我们得想办法解决 this architecture thing, we've got to try and fix it.'
但我觉得这那个时候 But I think that there was something very interesting
对我们很又意义的一点是 that happened at that moment for us,
我们终于能够可以不在纠结 and that was we finally felt free of the kind of
现代主义教规中的结构 表面和项目的分离 modernist canon of the separation of structure,
实际上我们开始 skin and programme and actually we started to
对于厚度这个概念非常感兴趣 get very interested in the notion of thickness;
意识到表面 结构和项目 the idea that surface, structure and programme
可以放入一个 could be blended into a single thickness that
可以大量生产定制的厚度中 could be massed produced and mass customised,
实际上依旧是这个观念 if you will, and it's really still the idea that
在推动这我们现在 is pushing a lot of the work
在进行的很多的工作 that we are doing in the office today.
所以 我们从一个非常小的方案开始 So from a very little project
到现在 it's now working on projects that anywhere
我们工作的方案都 between half a billion and a billion dollars
价值5亿到10亿美金 that are currently in the office.
所以说道那次经历 And so talking about that journey
我们的确学到了一些事情 I think there were certain things that we did learn,
并且运用到那个之后 that we applied for some other little projects
几个其他的小方案上 right around that time.
Richard Branson看了P.S.1然后叫我们 Richard Branson saw P.S.1 and asked us to do
设计维珍航空在肯尼迪机场的头等舱休息室 the first class lounge for Virgin at Kennedy airport.
传统意义的头等舱休息室 The idea is that typically a first class lounge
都是在一个禁闭的大门后的 你从来看不到它 is behind a closed door and you never see it,
但我们的想法是把头等舱休息室 and the idea here was to make a first class lounge
做成一个广告牌 that was almost a bill board,
让所有人都让你梦寐以求的广告 an aspirational bill board if you will,
你看得到 却进不去 that you could see but couldn't really get into,
这会让你想要买 but it might encourage you to buy,
想要升位头等舱 upgrade your first class ticket and,
有趣的是我今天早上刚刚看到了这个 actually it's funny, I just saw this, this morning
是今年的第一次 for the first time in a year
因为我今天早上坐的维珍航空 because I took Virgin America out this morning and
我就觉得少了些什么 I knew something was missing,
他们把那部分去掉了 they removed that part, anyway,
所以现在是你在这儿登机的时候 so the thing is you check in over here and you can see
就能通过这个屏看到这个步道 right through the screen out to the runway
透过这个支持灯和结构的网格结构 through this lattice work that holds the lighting and
你能看到里面 the structure and all the forms,
但是当你进入到里面的时候 but as you move into the space,
会有海鳗形的结构显现 a kind of moray pattern emerges that
让整个空间更有亲切感 gives a certain intimacy to the spaces themselves,
还有水帘 水流 他们会 there's a waterfall and a stream that sort of blocks
隔绝机场的噪音 the sound qualities of the airport from being in the ..
你们能看到吗 哦你们能 can you see that, yes you can,
这也是我们最初开始尝试 so again this was one of the first times that
发展巢式画图 we really got into developing nesting drawings
让制造商参照组装部件的以及经验之一 for the mills to fabricate pieces.
所有的部分都被做成能够送到机场的 All the parts were made into component pieces that
小的部件 然后 could be delivered to the airport and assembled
再以一定的顺序组装起来 in a certain sequence that would get us around
这让我们避免了一系列机场制度的麻烦 a series of rules with the port authority and
还有一个完整的灯光系统 there's a whole lighting system that
它会从黄到橙再到红随着 goes from yellow to orange to red that's timed with
航班起飞时间的逼近变换颜色 when the flights to London are leaving,
这个空间变得越红 so the redder the whole space becomes
意味着你得越快到登机口了 the faster you have to run to the gate to get there.
它还给我们带来了另外一个 It also brought us to a project
在韩国首尔外的项目 that we did outside of Seoul, Korea.
叫做Hangil 书屋 Hangil It's called the Hangil Bookhouse, Hangil ,
有点像在韩国的Rizzoli sort of like the Rizzoli of Korea in a way,
它是汉城艺术展厅的一部分 and it's part of the Heyri Valley Arts complex.
你从山岗的这边下来 So you actually come off the hill side up here
进入到建筑的顶部 然后你 and enter the building at the top and then you
从环绕的坡道走下来 walk down a ramp around a three storey high wall
而这三层楼高的书墙就是书店了 of books that are the book store itself,
走下来只有就是餐饮区域 and come down into a kind of restaurant and café space
这儿是雕塑花园 and there's a sculpture garden here.
我们准备好所有的图纸 And we prepared all these drawings and
在韩国制造部件 it got fabricated in Korea and
然后再一点点组装 进行的很顺利 assembled like a kit and it worked pretty well.
这就是书店 Here you can see the book store.
当你环绕着墙走下来 As you come down you move around and
这是书店晚上的样子 sort of what the building looks like at night.
当我们越是深入这个项目 But the more we were getting involved with this
我们就越清楚地意识到 the more we started realising that there was a lot
正是通过我们承包商和合作制造商之间的沟通 we were doing with the contractors and the CM's
才真正把它建了起来 to actually get this stuff built.
还有一个项目在米歇尔公园 So on one project which is Mitchell Park,
它实际上是 which was a competition
我们在一个比赛中得三等奖的作品 that we actually got third place in
但最终得以落实修建 but eventually got the commission to do,
它在长岛的东边 which was out on the eastern end of Long Island so
距离纽约市120英里 about a hundred and twenty miles from New York City
在一个偏远的渔村 in a rural fishing village.
他们有一个4公顷的空地 They had a four acre open spot,
这儿是主街道 this is Main Street
那儿滨海大道 and that's Front Street there.
有一个大的空地 There was a big open lot and
他们办了一个建筑比赛想要建一个公园 they held a competition to build a park
得到了一系列的方案 and they had a series of programmes that
但是没有一个是他们想要的 they suggested but really there were only a few
其中的关键是一个旋转木马 that they insisted upon and the key one was a carousel,
这个镇的珍藏是一个古老的旋转木马 the town's prize possession was an antique carousel
是有格鲁曼公司 that had been given to them by
在60年代给它们的 the Grumman Corporation in the sixties
它就坐落在角落的巴特勒大厦 it sat in a Butler Building right here on the corner
每坐一次他们收1美元 and they charged a dollar a ride
每个月大概会有1000个人坐 and they got about a thousand rides a month.
所以他们要在公园里建个新的旋转木马屋 And so they wanted a new carousel house in the park
而且他们要一个 and of course they wanted it to be
维多利亚式旋转木马屋 a Victorian carousel house.
我们做了一系列的图表 And so we came up with a series of diagrams
然后我们想到了 and we came up with this idea of sort of
做一个从穿过公园中间的 it was almost like a chain that went through
类似链条 项链一样走道 the middle of the park, a necklace
把所有公园的项目都连起来 and all the programmes sort of linked off it,
公园中有一个圆形剧场 there was an amphitheatre,
一条海港步道 一个遮荫亭 and a harbour walk, and a shade pavilion and
还有这儿 一个水上公园 there was a water garden here
在冬天的时候就转变成冰球场 that turns into a hockey rink in the winter time
还有一些运动场地 这是渡口 and some playing fields and this is a ferry terminal.
还有一个很有趣的 这个镇还想 And then there was a folly that the town also wanted,
他们还想要一个暗箱 they wanted a camera obscura,
这个我待会儿再说 but I will talk about that in a minute.
所以我们开始这个方案 就是这个 So we worked on it, here it is,
它从开始到最后完工用了大概8年 it actually took eight years from start to finish.
最后 我们为镇子写了拨款许可 We eventually, we wrote grants for the town,
它是分三期建的 it was built in three phases,
我们自己做了土壤恢复 we did soil remediation, ourselves, we got licensed to
我们取得了在纽约州进行土壤恢复的许可 actually do soil remediation in the State of New York
因为我们找不到其他人来做 because we couldn't get anyone to do it
这个旋转木马屋是由 and we built this carousel house which was made of
高宽都是16英尺折叠钢板做成的 sixteen foot high by sixteen foot wide bi fold steel
玻璃门是涡轮转动的 and glass doors that actually work on a worm drive
会根据当地的天气情况调整 and respond to the local weather patterns on the site.
当风主要是从水上来时它就会关上 So as the prevailing winds are coming off the water,
天气热的时候就会打开 it closes down, and on hot days its opens up,
在冬天的时候是全部关上的 in the winter it's completely enclosed but
但其实全年都能运作 can operate all year long and
通过描述这个作品的性能 just by writing the performative rules of
我们最后说服了镇政府 让他们相信 what this piece was we actually convinced the town
这其实是一个为维多利亚式的旋转木马屋 that this was in fact a Victorian carousal house.
这儿是渡口 Here's the ferry terminal
和港长的屋子 and the harbour master's house.
再那边 你们能看到运行中的水中花园 You can see the water garden in action over there.
这是水上花园晚上的样子 Here's the water garden at night and
这是绿荫亭子 周末的时候会有农市 the shade pavilions where they have farmers' markets
在冬天的时候 on the weekends, and then in the winter time
这儿就变成了滑冰场 when it turns into a skating rink.
这是我们最后要坐的一部分 And then the last piece that we were going to make
我们1997年开始这个项目 and as we said we started this project in 1997
这是大概2000年的时候 and this was now about 2000, well we started
我们从2001或者02年开始做这个 working on this maybe around 2001 or 2,
我想暗箱的概念 and I think the idea for the camera obscura
就是要把设计推向极致 这是一个建筑 was to really push it, here was a building,
我们对于技术运用已经成熟 we'd sort of learned enough about using the technology
这是一个足够小的建筑 and it was a small enough building
我们得到了客户充分的信任 and we'd gained enough trust with the client
我们真的想要再进一步来看一看 that we really wanted to push it to see if
我们是否能够做一个纯碎性能的极限 we could make a sort of pure performance envelope
看看我们是不是能把整个建筑 and see if we could have the entire building
用电脑做出来 fabricated by the computer.
在实际操作上 So there was a certain series of
有一系列的要求 programmatic requirements,
我们尝试了表面最小化的形式 we tried a kind of minimum surface form
这是 类似BIM.01版的 and this was sort of BIM version .01
我们模拟化了 where we kind of modelled every single piece
建筑中的每个部件 in the, in the, for the building
这些是施工文件 and these are the construction documents
在3D中我们给所有的材料类型 and so in 3D we kind of catalogued and indexed
做了分类和索引 all the different material types
这样你就能看到它们都被用到哪儿了 so that you could see where they went.
基本上 And then there were basically
我们有两种图 two kinds of drawings in the set;
一类是解释给电脑 there were drawings that explained
如何制作部件的图 to the computer how to make the parts
一类是给承包商 and then there were drawings to the contractor
解释如何组装它们的图 how to assemble them. And you know,
我们基本上做了整个一套东西 we basically produced the whole set
当我们做好了之后 它们是真的工作目录 and when we were done and these are the actual CD's,
它们不是演示图 there's nothing, these are not presentation drawings,
它们是直接从整套图中拿出来的 these are taken straight from the set, you know,
所有的折 焊点 螺栓 螺丝都在上面 fold, weld, bolt, screw, you know.
很有趣的一点是 当我们完成的时候 The interesting thing is we were finished with it
我再看 发现 and we looked and we realised there were
这一套图中都没有尺寸线 no dimension strings on the whole set of drawings
因为根本不需要 because they were totally irrelevant.
每个部件在到达工地前都是已经切割好 Every single piece arrives on site pre-cut,
标号好 钻好孔的 可以直接组装 pre numbered, predrilled ready to go and put together,
事实上 工地上最糟的一天就是 in fact the worst day on the construction site was,
当Mark Ours 我们中的一员在那儿的时候 Mark Ours, one of our guys was out there
他听到了一个建筑工人启动锯子的声音 and he heard one of the contractors start a saw
他就跑过去大叫: 什么都别切 and he just ran out of the.. don't cut anything
因为工人拿错了一个部件 because he had actually just picked up
不合适了 the wrong piece and it didn't fit
所以他就想锯掉边让它更合 and he was going to trim it to make it fit
但是锯子其实是不需要的 实际上 but there was no saw needed, and in fact
建筑工人们这个过程中 the contractors did not have tape measures
皮带上都不用挂卷尺 on their belts for the whole process
因为不需要 because they were irrelevant
这是其中的一些图纸 and here even on some of the drawings,
你们能看到设备在制作部件 you can see the equipment making the pieces,
甚至模型 even the templates.
这些是气环上的关节点 These are the phalanges on the compression ring
根据指令镭射切割部件 and we laser cut into the parts instruction sets on,
哪儿是焊点 you know, where the welds go,
某个部件连接到哪儿 which piece lines up where.
它们都在上面了 就是为了让工人们 It was all there to make them look at the drawings
尽量少看图纸 as little, as infrequently as possible
直接就能建 and just be able to build it, like you know,
这就跟你们能想象的 the most kick ass piece of IKEA furniture
最难的宜家家具一样 you can imagine.
当所有的外形的工作也完成了 And even the form work was all milled as well,
只要监测员选定四个方位 so they just , the surveyor just shot four locations
然后全尺寸按模版做 and then full scale templated out,
他们挖了地基 然后组装了部件 they dug the hole and assembled the pieces and I think
4个人总共用了7 8周时间 it was four guys built it in about seven or eight weeks
部件就拼凑好了 and the piece went together,
这是内部图 and that's sort of the interior,
这对于我们来说很有意义 and it was a really phenomenal thing for us
因为它们让我们意识到了 because they realised for the first time, that,
还可以这样 okay, there's something here,
其实还能这么建房子 you can actually build buildings this way
从来没有人跟你说过你可以像这样 and no one is ever suggesting you build
建一个45层的楼房 a forty five storey building like this.
重点不是这个 你能做的是 That's not the point, but what you can do is
你能找到你要建的建筑的 you can find the critical parts of your building
关键部分 然后你能够 that you are working on and you can invest
花非常多的时间想 a tremendous amount of time in the thinking about how
这个要怎么做 然后建筑的其他部分 to do things in this way. And a lot of the rest of the
就可以用标准化的方法完成了 building can be built in very standard methodologies
你们会看出来 but you could really see that this was something that
这将对于我们将来的工作 was going to pay off a lot for our profession
会起很大帮助 into the future and gave us a lot of confidence
给我们很大的信心 继续开始更大的项目 to move forward into larger projects.
这是整个公园的全景 And this is kind of what the whole park looks like,
现在在末尾有一个暗箱 and now there's the camera obscura out at the end.
我们开始意识到实际上我们 And so we started realising that we were really doing
为我们的顾客做了很多的好事情 a lot of good things for our clients, and so, and
为他们赚了钱 最后要说的一点是 making them money, well, the last thing was that
这个公园本来每月有一千人乘坐旋转木马 the park they were getting a thousand rides per month,
现在新的维多利亚旋转木马屋建好了 and now with this new Victorian carousal house
人们非常的喜欢 现在公园夏天 that they love so much, they get upward of
能卖出5万多张旋转木马票 50,000 rides a month in the summer
而且坐一次的价格也涨到了2美元 and its actually up to two dollars a ride now
所以它给镇子 so its generating hundreds and hundreds of
带来了很大的收入 thousands of dollars for the town
他们已经在整个主街道上 and they've planted flowers up and down
种上了花 the whole main street, and
他们的房地产也飞涨 their real estate market has gone through the roof
甚至已经保持在拐点了 and has even held on in the down turn,
并不奇怪 市长 Kapell and, you know, it not a surprise Mayor Kapell
这整个的发起人 who really spearheaded this whole project
也是当地最大的房产经纪 is also the town's biggest real estate broker
他很聪明地用了建筑 and so I think he was pretty smart using architecture
作为开辟财路的方式 as a way to drive desire.
因此我们就开始想 So with that said we started thinking, you know,
我们是不是应该同我们的顾客合作 is there a way that we should start to
如果说我们的这些想法 team with our clients, where if we're coming up with
能够解决问题 all these ideas that are solving problems
并把要花钱的设计变成赢利点 and turning design from a cost centre to a profit centre,
我们是不是应该同我们的客户合资 should we begin to joint venture with our clients
也同时担一定的风险 and be able to take the risk along with them.
我们第一次能够这么做是在 So the first time we were able to do that was a building
建在纽约肉库区的波特公园的时候 called the Porter House in the meatpacking district
当时有 10个开放商 of New York and there were ten developers fighting
竞争这个六层楼的仓库楼 for a six storey warehouse building,
一个世纪之交的仓库楼 turn of the century warehouse building.
拥有者既然想要卖掉他 And, you know, the owner was trying to sell it
当然j就想要价格越高越好 and obviously wanted the most money for it
我想 当时所有人在想的都是 and I think that everyone was trying to think about
怎么抬高竞价 how they could raise their bid and
得到这栋楼 get control of this building. So,
在这栋楼的南边有两栋历史建筑 there were two smaller historic buildings to the South,
这栋楼建的时候容积率已经是最大了 this building was built to its full F.A.R.
当时很多人 and what we said was, and a lot of guys,
可能10个中有7个 maybe seven out of the ten developers
想要转换空间使用权 thought about doing the air rights transfer.
这个社区有高度限定 Now there was a height limit in the neighbourhood,
街道对于房屋缩进距离也有要求 and there's also a setback requirement from the street
所以当时的第一想法是 so that was the first thought, but the,
我们能转化多少的架构空间 of how much air rights we could transfer, but then,
但之后 我们想到唯一能够 the sort of next idea was the only way to increase
增加面积 the size of this addition and therefore
然后增加收入 the potential revenue down the road,
给你赢得更多的钱 从其他开发商中竞得标 which would give you a little bit more money to outbid
的方法就是 悬于两个 the other developers was to cantilever over
历史建筑上面建 these two historic buildings to the south.
在同 Buro Happold And then working with Buro Happold,
我们的结构工程师研究后 我们想到了 our structural engineers, we really came up with
一个很有趣的移开重心的方法 an interesting way of moving the core,
把重心变成新的钢筋混凝土梁 which became the kind of new reinforced beam
然后我们放上三层佛伦第尔桁架 and we put a sort of three storey vierendeel
在原本的六层楼上 by building a kind of six storey new building onto the
再建六层楼 但两层重叠 six storey old building but overlapping on two floors,
这样 用一种很省钱的方式 to very, in a very inexpensive way
让悬空部分再出来一点 to get that cantilever out a little bit further
就是这最后了多出来的几英尺 and just those extra couple of feet were enough
给了我们足够的收益优势 additional revenue to allow us to be the, sort of,
让我们打败了其他竞标者 last guy that could bid the most to
获得了这栋楼的开发权 get control of the building.
我们并没钱建造 So we didn't really have the money to do any of this
但我们尝试 but we went for it anyway and
并找到了我们其中的一个客户 we approached one of our clients and
跟他说 你想合资干这个吗 said do you want to joint venture on this,
他们说 好啊 这很有意思 and they said 'yeah, it's really interesting,'
那人就是Jeffrey Brown. Jeffrey Brown.
我们要用一个新的箱子形的结构 So we were going to take this new box
把它放在历史建设上方 and put it on top of a historic building
我们想要推进一步文脉性的概念的意义 and I think we really wanted to push the idea of
我们对于文脉性的看法是 what contextuality meant and our feeling about
压根都不用考虑 contextuality was that it shouldn't be contextual at all.
我们想到了用锌材料 So we took an idea where we said let's make a zinc,
我们想要用锌 and we wanted to use zinc,
我们想要做一个有金属嵌板的楼 we wanted to make a metal panelled building,
这个我们之前还没有尝试过 and we hadn't tried that yet.
所以我们找了许多的锌制造商 So we talked a lot to zinc fabricators
价格非常的高 and the prices were ridiculously expensive,
所以我们就去了法国 so what we did was we actually went to France,
在那儿他们制造锌 大部分的锌都来自法国 where they make, where most zinc comes from,
我们买了大约1000个 and we bought one metre by three metre sheets of zinc,
1米乘以3米的锌板 然后我们把嵌板 about a thousand of them and we designed the panels
设计成一个展开的板装上 in such a way that sort of one unfolded sheet fit on
一个原材料的板 或者两个装上一个 a sheet of raw material or two sheets on a sheet,
或者三个 三个嵌板装一个板 or three sheets, three panels on a sheet.
窗户的型号有四种 We took four window sizes,
都是一样高的落地窗 all the same height, floor to ceiling
然后我们用到了这两个轻盒子 and then we had these two light boxes,
一个薄一些 一个厚一些 a sort of thin one and a thick one
做了差不多22个样板 and it made about twenty two proto forms.
然后我们开始摆弄 做演算 And we then played around and wrote an algorithm
让这些嵌板和部件遍布这个建筑 to sort of spread these panels and pieces
让楼看起来有祥云在空的感觉 all over the building to almost make a kind of cloud
其中的一个关键 that sat on top. And one of the key things that
我想你们 we felt was that you know for us
在做铁的建筑的时候也同我们一样这么觉得 when you are doing metal buildings,
有的时候当玻璃和铁在同一个平面的时候 sometimes when the glass and the metal are
它们会让建筑外观感觉上变薄 in the same plane it gives a kind of thinness
我们并不想这样 to that fa?ade that we didn't really like.
我们想要的有深度有质感的 We really wanted to have sort of depth and texture.
所以我们有再想 最终我们把建筑各处的玻璃 So we pushed, we ended up pushing the glass
都往里推了14英寸 back fourteen inches everywhere on the building
这当然立马让我们意识到 which of course immediately made us think,
建筑这样就四处都是突出的边 like, we're going to have ledges everywhere
纽约到处都是鸽子 and in New York we have pigeons everywhere and so
我们知道我们这样会有一个很大鸽子问题 we figured we're going to have a huge pigeon problem.
所以我们就找到了自然历史博物馆 So we actually called the Museum of Natural History
问他们鸽子是否有静止角 and asked them if there was an angle of repose
他们跟我们说实际上 for a pigeon and they told us that in fact
如果你做一个34度角的东西 if you had something that was thirty four degrees,
鸽子会停在上面 然后会从边上滑走 a pigeon would land on it and slide off the edge.
所以你们看 在每扇窗前 And so if you look there are these panels
都有这些 in front of every window that have
成35度倾斜的嵌板 a thirty five degree slide on them.
最后我们有 Now at the end of the day there were
四千个不同的 four thousand different pieces of zinc
成超过480个独特形状的锌部件 in over four hundred and eighty unique shapes,
所以把他们 so to draw all of that
都用制作图画出来不可能 是吧 in shop drawings would be impossible, right?
做不到的 You couldn't do it.
这是我们第一次用Solidworks软件 So this was the first time we played with solidworks
我们只要画出嵌板的典型样板 and we just drew the kind of panel proto type
然后把不同之处 and then just fed all the difference in,
加到总分析表里面 in the spread sheet and it went
然后这个总分析标就能够直接指示 directly from this spread sheet to the laser cutter
激光切割机切割部件了 to cut all the parts. So there were actually
所以最后我们完全没有画制造图 no shop drawings made whatsoever.
所有的嵌板都有标签 And so all the panels got labelled
这是镭射切割直接切入表面 and that was laser cut right into the fa?ade.
而这是指示表 And that was the instruction set as to
用来指名这些部件要被安装到建筑的什么地方 where the pieces would go on the building,
它们在搭建的时候要怎么排放 where they would lay out as it was getting built.
这儿你们能看到外观建造时候的样子 And here you could see the fa?ade as it was going on
这是公寓现在的样子 and what the building looks like today.
所以我们从那个角落开始安装 And so we started at that corner and kind of went
然后有绕一大圈回到另外一个角落 all the way around and came back to the other corner
在把四千个锌部件安装上去的时候 and we were one thirty-second of an inch off
只有32分之一英寸的误差 after putting four thousand pieces of zinc up.
所以我们又一次觉得 And so we were again like,
这个东西很有用 这是个好主意 okay this stuff works, this is a good idea.
而且这是个公寓 And they were condominiums.
我们什么都做 我们做了内部设计 We did everything, we did the interiors,
做了相关材料 设计了大厅 we did the collateral materials, we did the lobby.
这儿你们能看到大楼的悬空部分 Here you can see the cantilever portion of the building
梯形收进 和 "鸽子滑板" and the setback terraces and the pigeon slides
它们都有 P.S.然后数字的标签 which were labelled P.S. and then their number.
你们能看到嵌板的深度 You can see the kind of depth in the panelling.
我们设计了所有的相关材料 And we designed all the collateral materials;
把他们带到市场卖 we brought them to market and sold them.
这是底层的一个零售点 And it's a retail space in the base
和它上面的22个单元 and its twenty two units above.
这是亮灯的样子 And this is how the light boxes,
这是从白天到夜晚的图 so this is from the day to night.
实际上 还有一个很滑稽的故事 And it's actually a funny story,
Jason你在这儿吗 Jason Emerson Jason are you here? Jason Emerson,
我们那个晚上去喝酒然后把灯都打开 were you there the night we all went out drinking
亮灯的第一个晚上 你在吗 and we turned the lights on, the first night,
哦 哦 不好意思 yeah, oh, yeah, sorry.
我是记得有一个一起的 我们在垒球赛之后 There was one I remember which was we all went out
都出去玩了 after I think a soft ball game and we went to
然后我们去了肉库区 the meatpacking district and we all went out and
把灯打开 它们就亮了 we flipped the lights on and they went on, and were like,
当时我们就狂热了 一直疯到了4点 you know, hurray, you know, stayed out til four.
第二天 And the next day I think I woke up with
我从痛苦的宿醉中醒来 a really vicious hangover
而公寓的灯不是亮着的 and my lights weren't going on in the apartment
当晚 and it was the blackout
东海岸灯火管制 that had hit the East Coast that night,
我大概有30秒钟 and for like thirty seconds I was just like,
在希望我们把线路都装对了 I hope we wired that thing correctly.
最后 一切都很好 一个有趣的事 But that worked out very well and, and interesting thing,
关于波特公寓还有一个惊奇的事 and here was the amazing thing about the Porter House
但我们准备做这件事的时候 which was when we were going to do this
我们的很多同事 教授 a lot of our colleagues, our fellow professors,
朋友都说 别做这个 a lot of our friends said 'don't do that,
你这是要和开发商同流合污 you're going to get in bed with the developer,
加入邪恶的帝国 your joining the evil empire,
你们进入黑暗的一边了 you've gone to the dark side, you know,
当时我们在很多方面都有点像是被威胁着 it was really, we were sort of threatened
让我们别做 最后实际上是 Bernard Toomey in a lot of ways and actually it was Bernard Toomey
我们问他的意见 他说别信他们的威胁 who we went to for advice who said don't believe that,
你们肯定得试上一试 you should definitely take a shot at it.
有趣的是 And the fascinating thing was,
每个人都跟我们说 was where everyone was sort of telling us,
你们将会放弃你的正直 like this is going to, you're going to compromise
你们要和开发商同流合污了 your integrity and you're going to be stuck in bed
你们将不是你们自己了 with the developer and you're not going to be,
但事实上 事实刚好相反 in fact the exact opposite that happened.
当我们开始共担风险 As soon as we had as they say skin in the game,
开发商从来不问我们 the developers never asked us or questioned
也不质疑我们的设计 our design moves again because it changed us
因为我们之间 从这种关系 from this kind of relationship to
变到了这种关系 this kind of relationship and they knew that
他们知道我们不会做什么 we weren't going to make stupid moves
会造成浪费的愚蠢行为 that were going to cost us and our,
坦白点说 and to be quite frank,
我们冒的风险比他们大 we had a lot more at risk than they did
因为他们有钱 我们没有 because these people had money and we didn't,
我们本来就只有一点钱 and we had just a little bit
正努力多赚一点 and we were trying to get a little bit more.
很有收获的是 But the fascinating thing was that
这完全改变了我们 it completely changed the nature of how we
同客户合作的性质 worked with our clients, so much so that
我们现在再这样做了6次 we have now done it more than half a dozen other times
事实上 通过承担风险 and in fact that by taking that risk and
和了解金融模式 understanding the financial models,
制造模式 如何节约 the fabricating models, the ascetic models,
理论模式 和销售模式 the theory models, the selling models,
我们实际上得到了很多的设计自由 we actually gained so much in our design freedom
这种做法的效果跟之前每个人跟我们讲的 and it was exactly the opposite of what everyone
恰好相反 had told us at the time.
另外一个 Another project where we are doing exactly
我们同样这么做的项目 the same thing is a building
是一个在Houston街的楼 on Houston Street which is
现在正在施工中 actually under construction right now.
我们从这个空旷的地方买了这栋小楼 We bought this little building in this empty site
是个冰球楼 这实际上是 and this is the puck building
Soho区的最后一个角落 so this is actually the last corner in Soho
是小意大利的开始 and this is the first corner in Little Italy and
小意大利对于窗户开口有规定 Little Italy has a code about window openings
关键的一点是 每一栋楼 and the key thing is that every building
必须是石头造的 因为这是一个历史区域 has to be masonry, it's a historic district.
让我们说 天哪 And we were like, oh my God,
要怎么处理砖块啊 What are we going to do with bricks?
我们必须想出来怎么处理砖块 So we kind of had to think about what we could do with
然后我们想到了 bricks and the idea we came up with was
可以先用制造技巧 could we begin to use fabrication techniques
做自定义模版 in order to make custom form work
然后我把砖块放进去 that we could drop bricks into
预制嵌板 and do precast panels
在嵌板上 自定义模版 where the custom form work you could get
你能在 X Y 和 Z上找到任意位置的砖块 any sort of position of the brick in the X,Y and Z.
你可以之后注入混凝土 You could pour the concrete on behind
你能把它抬起来 and you could lift it out and get any shape
把砖块用任意形状放在嵌板的任意位置 or placement of the brick in the panel that you want.
我们研究了大量不同的砖块式堆积 So we studied tons of different brick patterns
和悬臂方式 然后在用软件 and overhangs and worked on software that
分析不同嵌板形状 we were able to analyse different sort of panel shapes
和比较嵌板和弯曲性质 and the way in which the panels and sort of sign curves
是不是能够契合 合在一起 would match or not match or come together,
砖块的方式是否合理 the orientation of the brick.
我们看了 We looked at ways of using what were
关于窗户规格 the requirements of sort of the window sizes
外墙缩进 和建筑外形的要求 and the setbacks and the building envelope
但尽量更多标准的嵌板 but try to make the least number of eccentric panels
少做一些古怪的嵌板 versus standard panels possible.
这发展成了这个 And it really kind of developed
很有趣的反馈环 this interesting feedback loop
我们能够把让我们的设计 that we were able to really sort of drive
延伸 包括了囊括嵌板的大小 the design out of, including how big were the panels
嵌板最大能多大 that could, how, what was the biggest panel
还能放进能驶入曼哈顿的卡车 you could fit on a truck that could get into Manhattan,
不用特殊通行证就能 could get through the tunnels and bridges
通过曼哈顿的地下通道和桥 in Manhattan without special permits.
做多少嵌板能够 How many panels could you make to have
用尽可能便宜的有摇动臂起重机 the less expensive crane with the swing arm,
用尽可能少的自动控制就能够 with the least number of pics to get the panels
把这些嵌板弄到楼上 onto the building, and all of that really
所有这些都让我们做了很多设计 drove a lot of the design.
这些是测试模式 So these were the test moulds,
这是CNC铣的模式 so this was the CNC milled mould,
然后这是在测试 装和倒砖块 and then this was the test of dropping the bricks
早期的一些透视图 in and pouring it, and some of the earlier renderings,
和我们觉得这栋楼的样子 and kind of what we thought the building looked like,
这是做出来的第一个嵌板 and then here were the first panels as they came out.
我们选了这个有些巧克力色的砖 And we picked this sort of chocolate brick with
加上深色的灰缝 dark, dark graded joint, mortar joint.
这是夏天的时候在往上加嵌板 And this was in the summer with the panels going up.
这大概是在十月 十一月 This was probably October, November
看起来相当酷 and it looks pretty cool and
这是一面我们 this is the side that doesn't count for the,
它是唯一对着大街一面 it's only the fa?ades on the street line
必须得遵循很多规定 where you have to follow all the rules
这是人们阳台的样子 so people have these balconies and then there's this
这是顶层公寓的三层楼高的玻璃楼梯 three storey high glass stair case for the penthouse.
有趣的是 And this was kind of interesting,
纽约的建筑规定里 there's actually a kind of small rule
有个小规定 in the New York City building code
一定百分比的建筑 which is a certain percentage of your building
实际上可以超出建筑红线 can actually go over the property line
这个规定是为了建筑的细节 which was put in place in order to get detail,
比如飞檐和窗户四周 like cornices and window surrounds
我们实际上把它计算入了砖块里 and we were actually able to calculate it to the brick,
精确地计算建筑 exactly how much of the building was
会超出建筑红线多少 going over the property line and
通过给就建筑加上这些细节 by giving the building department that much detail,
我们最后实际上做到了 we were actually able to push out
让建筑的周长超出了6英寸 the entire perimeter of the building by six inches.
这听起来似乎没什么 Now that doesn't sound like very much
但有意义的是 but the fascinating thing was,
那6英寸乘以每层 that six inches times the perimeter of every floor,
带来的额外收入 times every floor gave enough additional revenue
足够我们支付所有的定制板 that it actually paid for all the custom moulds.
所以实际上 So in fact that was free
同直接安装相比这样做是免费的 compared to just doing the straight panel system
我知道这很傻 and I know it's incredibly nerdy
但我们为此兴奋极了 but we get really excited over that stuff.
还有几次 Other times we have sort of worked as
我们是给客户做顾问 有一个项目 an adviser to our clients. A project,
是2005年我们参加的一个比赛 a competition that we did back in 2005,
实际上我就是 当 Ila还在杜兰大学的时候 in fact how I met Ila, way back in her Tulane days,
我就是在为杜兰大学建新楼的时候认识她的 was to do a new building on the campus of Tulane.
这儿将成为墨菲研究所 This was going to be the Murphy Institute;
它附属于一个很特别的楼 it was attached to an existing building which was one of
那栋楼是校园里唯一一个不 the only buildings that wasn't orthogonally oriented to
正交于其他楼的 all the other buildings on the campus.
而且我们还发现 And the things that we noticed about the campus was
这个校园非常的平 that it was incredibly flat,
虽然有非常浓密的树木 had this very thick tree canopy but almost no shrubs
但几乎没有灌木 这让我们有了灵感 whatsoever and that really struck us and so
这个项目的想法就是 I think that the idea of the project was
尽可能把教室建在树木区 to float as many of the classrooms in the tree canopy
保留尽可能多灰色的露天的平地 and keep as much of the brown plain
然后 as open as possible and then
我们看了新奥尔良惯常的 look at the way New Orleans had always dealt with,
处理这种奇怪几何形状的方式 dealing with its sort of geometric anomalies,
然后我们用了 and then we used some of the,
有点难看清 I know it's a little bit hard to see,
我们用了P.S.1中同样的技术 we used some of the same techniques
这是一栋用来教伦理学 that we used at P.S.1 in order, it was an ethics,
经济学和哲学的楼 economics and philosophy building,
对吗 Ila 是的 墨菲研究所 is that right, Ila, yeah the Murphy Institute.
Reid Ila 和Martha 都跟我们说 And Reid and Ila and Martha had all said to us,
他们希望这栋楼 you know, they wanted a building that was going to
能让来自不同专业的人们 get people talking to each other
互相交流 所以我们用了这个 from different programmes, so we kind of used this,
这个结构是为了鼓励 the structures in order to kind of encourage
交叉学科教育和交流 cross disciplinary pedagogy and interaction and this is
这是历史楼 它有一个天井 actually the historic building with an atrium carved out
这是后面的新楼 and this is the new building behind,
学生们从这儿通过 the students can move right through.
这儿是教室 和大讲堂 Here are the classrooms and the big lecture halls,
学生们从这儿通过 the students move through over here.
这些是模拟图 And these are some images from the model.
我们对此非常的兴奋 And we were really excited about it and we were
我们幸运的赢得了这个比赛 fortunate enough to win the competition and
然后在夏天的时候协商合同 spent the summer sort of negotiating the contract and
在2005年八月中旬的时候达成共识 we came to an agreement right around mid-August 2005
我们本来应该要去那儿开工了 and we were supposed to go down there
就在劳工日之后 Katrina飓风来袭 right after Labour Day and then Katrina hit.
我们发现模型飘走了 And we figured that the model had floated away
就在那儿 somewhere which was down there
但在 Katrina飓风之后 but about four days after Katrina hit,
捐赠人 Martha Murphy 给我们打电话 她说 Martha Murphy, the donor, called us and she said,
我住在帕斯克里斯琴 密西西比 you know I live in Pass Christian, Mississippi,
我们的家都被毁了 all my homes were destroyed,
我现在住在拖车里 我们需要帮助 I'm living in a trailer and we need some help,
我们需要懂怎么建房子的人 we need someone who knows how to get something built,
你们能来这儿吗 will you come down there?
我们说好 就去了 So we said okay, we went down.
这是飓风后7天的帕斯克里斯琴 This is Pass Christian on day seven after the storm.
这是主街道 距离海湾一个街道远 So that's Main Street, about a block off the gulf.
这是 Martha的家 That's Martha's house.
这是个很有意思的事情 And it was a fascinating thing.
Chris Sharples和 Craig Schwitter Chris Sharples and Craig Schwitter,
Craig Schwitter是 Buro Happold纽约的头头 Craig Schwitter is the Head of Buro Happold, New York.
没有人相信我们一路从纽约 No one believed that we would actually camp down
扎营过来 我们不知道怎么扎营 from New York, you know, we don't know how to camp.
他们让我们拍了那儿的照片 And so they made us take pictures of that.
这是 Craig在和大家讲话 But there's Craig talking to everyone.
Craig是在 Craig was one of the guys who was
911当晚在处理废墟的人之一 on the pile the night of nine eleven.
他是那六个工程师之一 He was one of the six engineers
帮助政府 that was asked by the City
在他们仍然在搜救的时候 if they would help the guys take the steel down
帮忙拆掉钢筋 as they were still trying with the rescue efforts.
我们在地面零点 And we did the first piece of infrastructure
建了第一部分基础建筑 that got built at ground zero,
Rector街步行桥 the Rector Street pedestrian bridge.
这很可怕 And I mean it's terrifying but
在联邦应急管理局和红十字会 between FEMA and the Red Cross,
没有人知道该做什么 I mean no one really knew what to do
而我们参与过911事后工作 and the fact that we had worked on nine eleven,
虽然帮到的不多 albeit in the most superficial way,
一下子我们成主要负责的了 suddenly we were in charge because
因为我们之前处理过危机 we had actually dealt with a crisis before.
很多的政府要员被告知 And a lot of the government officials were told
我们实际上做不了什么 well we really can't do anything and
他们很想帮忙 were great people that wanted to help
但有被建议别帮忙 but were instructed not to help, which was
这对于我们是个非常有吸引力和开眼界的经历 a fascinating and eye opening experience for us.
Martha有一块地 So Martha owned this piece of property,
被树木覆盖 it was covered with woods and it was
就在一所小学对面 right across from the elementary school
就在那儿 which was over here.
她说:我想建点什么 And she said you know I want to build something,
我想让大家相信 I want people to think
这儿有一点还会是个镇子 there's still going to be a town here someday,
我们不知道怎么做 and we had no idea,
当时没有电 there was no electricity,
我们晚上坐在帐篷里 we were sitting in the tents at night.
我们说 我们要建两个 And so we just said we'll build two
一万平方英尺的棚屋 ten thousand square foot sheds and
我们还会加上一个巨型的门廊 we'll put a giant porch on it because
因为当地的门廊传统 this is so much about porch culture.
我们当时有一个比较激进的想法 And the big radical idea that we had
很难说服大家同意 that was really hard to convince everyone to do
那就是把碎石停车场放到后面 was that we put the gravel parking lot in the back,
他们不明白 问 and they couldn't understand, and they said
你们为什么要把停车场放后面 why would you put the parking in the back,
你们可以把它放在前面 you could put it right in front.
但我们不想车子在前面 We were like, well we don't want the cars in front,
我们希望它们在后面 we want them in the back.
这是很难的一部分 其他都简单 That was really a struggle; the rest of it was easy.
我们做了一个大家能通过的入口 So we made a sort of an entry way that you came through
有标示板和信息亭在那儿 with sign boards and information kiosks
然后就是这个大门廊 and then there was this big porch
全镇人可以聚集在那儿 where the town could come together
我们不知道人们在那儿会有什么活动 and we had no idea what would go in there.
Martha说我们得做一个起码酷的房子 And Martha said do something at least cool,
这至少 你们懂的 that will at least, you know;
让它看起来不像联邦应急管理所建的房子 don't make it look like a FEMA building.
所以我们做了这个屋顶 一个大的翼型屋顶 So we made this roof, this kind of big wing roof,
技术工人很少 we had very little skilled labour to work on it;
他们都在镇中心的大项目那儿呢 they were even working on the big projects down town
或者已经离开 or had left.
所以我们最后 So the way that we were able to
把这个复杂的建筑建起来的的方式 get the complex form done was through
通过一系列的定做的组合板 a series of custom flitch plates
我们在纽约弄好 然后运过来 that we just had cut in New York and sent down.
有一些从 SHOP来的人 And there are some of the guys from SHOP who were,
他们棒极了 这是临时办事处 that was the field office, they were amazing
投入了很多自己的时间 and dedicated so much of their time.
Reece Campbell和 Fed Nedgro就在那儿 Reece Campbell and Fed Nedgro were down there,
我们找来了海军工程人员来清理场地 and we got the Navy Seabees to clear the land
做很多的事情 and do a lot of the work
以此来换得百威啤酒 in exchange for cases of Budweiser
有时候你得开上40里才能买到百威 which you had to drive forty miles to get to, sometimes
这是他们在清理场地 and here they are clearing the land,
它大约在8个半月的时候建好了 and it got built in about eight and a half months and
这是大家搬进去前 this was sort of right before people started moving in
现在这儿有灌洗室 美容院 and I mean now it has a launder matte, a beauty parlour,
法律事务所 饭店 a law office, a restaurant,
它几乎是一个小镇的开始 it's sort of the seeds of a town.
在翼型屋顶上面有灯 And there are all lights up inside the sort of wing and
晚上的时候会亮 it glows at night
这就是那栋楼 and that was the building and we got it,
值得一提的是 and the interesting thing is
它是 it was the first building
密西西比墨西哥海湾区 completed in Mississippi on the Gulf coast
在风暴后建成的第一幢楼 after the storm.
这对于我们来说是一次奇妙的经历 And so it was an amazing experience for us.
另外一个我们作为顾问 Another project where we worked with a client
建议顾客如何建城的项目 to sort of advise them on what to do with the city
是在东河的沿岸 was on the East River water front.
这是我们连同 This was a competition we entered
Richard Rodgers和景观设计师 Ken Smith with Richard Rodgers and Ken Smith,
和 Buro Happold一起参加的一项比赛 landscape architects and Buro Happold as well,
我们赢了 要给下曼哈顿区 and we won the competition to do a master plan
2英里的河岸做总体规划 for this two mile stretch of lower Manhattan
这部分河岸大部分都在一个高架公路的下面 which is mostly underneath an elevated highway,
同地震前的内河码头高速公里 similar to the sort of embarcadero freeway
很像 before the earthquake
但你们可以看到在基础建筑之间 but you could see between the infrastructure,
有一些地方 there were some places where there were actually
有超过12层的铁丝网围栏 more than twelve layers of chain link fence from
将人们的生活区同河岸隔开 where people lived to the water front.
所以人们无论怎么样都不能到岸边去 There was just no access what so ever,
这是一个18世纪的广场在 Peck Slip or these beautiful, this was an eighteenth century
被用来当停车场了 square at Peck Slip that were being used as parking lot
我们的基本想法就是 So the basic idea here was
把所有不同的社区考虑进去 to take all the different neighbourhoods and
找到一个方法 figure out a way to make the sort of
让这些横向的连接起作用 让人们能到水边去 cross grain connections work, to get people just access
所以我们租了一个直升飞机 So we rented a helicopter
飞过了纽约五个区的所有的河岸线 and flew over all the shore lines of the five Boroughs
将河岸线 of New York
进行了分类 and developed a taxonomy of shore line types
只有很少几处 and there were only a few places
建筑跟水离得很近 where the buildings got close to the water.
这就是我们的位置 And so this is kind of where we were.
这儿有条街道 There was a sort of street here
有人在这儿上班 where people actually worked.
然后是这儿 离河岸的边缘大约有 And then here there's almost a hundred and twenty feet
120英尺 from the last edge out to the water front,
然后是一个铁丝网围栏 then a chain link fence
然后一般是一个码头上的小屋 and then usually a shed on the pier.
所以我们想到 So what we said was look,
如果你想着摆脱这个 if you just sort of get rid of the parking
底下的停车场 加上树 自行车道 underneath there, add trees, bike lanes
不要把天桥想作 and instead of thinking of the overpass
一个又大又丑又暗的东西 as a big ugly dark thing,
把它想作一个免费的屋顶 think of it as a free roof and
在它下面建这些方形的空间 build these inexpensive boxes underneath them
你就能把休闲的 that you could fill with sort of recreational
公用的 文化的器材放进去 and community and cultural facilities to make
把这儿变成一个散步的地方 或者公园 a new kind of esplanade or park
把城市延伸到河岸 where the city actually comes out to the waterfront.
这是玻璃盒子的早期构想 So this was a kind of early idea with the glass boxes.
我们得造出花盆 We had to build up the planters
因为下面没有土 because there was no soil below,
还有自行车道 和人行道 bike lane and sidewalk.
在那个时候 Richard开始接到 And at that time Richard started to get
在纽约的很多的其他委托 比如世贸 a lot of other commissions in New York, like the trade,
零点之一 他接到了世贸大厦第四期的委托 part of ground zero, he got WTC number 4,
还有会展中心 and the convention centre.
然后又有了第二个比赛要看看 And then there was this second competition to see
谁能够设计和画图 who would actually design it and do the drawings
Richard当时就说 你们负责这个吧 and Richard was like, you guys can handle it,
我还有其他的要忙 I'm busy with other stuff
所以我们自己参加了 so we went after it again on our own
我们很幸运又赢了 and we were lucky enough to win it a second time
而他们还是不知道要把什么放进 and they still didn't understand what would go
这些下面的场馆里 所以我们就说 in these pavilions underneath and so we were like,
额 我们也不知道 well look we don't know either,
什么都有可能 but it could be anything.
总之 我们开工了 So anyway we've been working on it,
这些是一些后期的图 and these are some of the later drawings,
这是现在场馆的样子 this is what the pavilions look like these days,
我们现在在绘画的最后一个月 and we're in the last months of drawing it.
部分的方案已经开始竞标了 Parts of the package have already gone out to bid
要在差不多两三个月内动工 and we break ground in about two or three months.
这是一个码头 This is a pier, where we'll put, we'll float,
我们把码头扩大了一倍 we double up the pier with
上面会有一个休闲区域 a passive recreational landscape on top,
码头的下面还会有更多的亭子 also more pavilions on the piers underneath.
这儿你们能看到目前的设计的 And here you can see the current designs
场馆和它们的可调整的玻璃墙 for the pavilions with their operable glass walls,
目前的花坛和设施的设计 the current planter and furniture designs.
在这些地方 我们是 There are spots where we are trying to
想要让你们接近水 get you down to the water where
我们去掉了 we are breaking down the sea wall
以前历史的海堤 where the historic slips used to be.
这是纯35的其中一个设计 This is one of the designs for pure thirty five.
这个部分还没有定下来 And this is the one part that's in flux.
我们尝试去掉 会让整体变窄的 We've tried to peel off, where it gets very narrow,
这个走道 we've tried to peel this walkway off
然后在东河 and do muscle beds, artificial muscle beds
做出人造和河床 in the east river but
DEC给了我们很多麻烦 the DEC is giving us such a hard time
我们不知道能不能克服 and we don't know if we are going to get through it,
所以这部分我们还不知道会不会成功 so that part we don't know what will happen
但我们在努力 but we are trying.
它可能马上就要动工了 But it will break ground and it will take probably
大概要花五年的时间建完 five years to finish.
我们的预算是5千万美金 We got a hundred and fifty million dollars to build it
大约在两个月左右开始 and we are underway in about two months.
另外一件有趣的事情是 But one of the interesting things that happened was that
在这个叫做17号码头的大码头的正中间 right in the middle of this is a large pier,
原是一个 Rouse公司的发展项目 called pier seventeen which was a Rouse development
本来是一个节庆的贸易市场 which was a sort of festival market place,
7 80年代是大型商场 shopping mall guy from the seventies and eighties
它就是纽约市很糟糕的一部分 and it's just this awful part of New York City
住在纽约的人从来不会去 actually no one ever goes for, who lives in New York.
Rouse大约4年前被买给了 And the Rouse Corporation was sold to
百事通集团 简称GGP General Growth Properties, GGP, out of Chicago
在芝加哥 about four years ago and
他们很喜欢我们在这个社区做的改变 they liked what we doing in the whole neighbourhood
他们说 来看看我们的场地 and they said will you take a look at our site,
我们有一个五英里的 we have this five acre water front site
河岸和这个 with this shopping,
内部三层的购物中心 and it has a three storey internal shopping mall,
在河岸边 布鲁克林大桥前 on the water front in front of the Brooklyn Bridge.
好主意 我们的确去看了 Good Idea. And so we did look at it and we said
我们就想说 看看这个 look there's a historic building
在高架边的历史建筑 that's up against the highway.
它本来是一个就鱼市 We said move the, it was an old fish market building,
把它往后移然后在河岸边重建 move it back and re-establish it at the water's edge.
把街道网络和散步道路 We said get the network of streets and the esplanade
以及走道的景色放入这个空间 and the view corridors into that space, fill it with
放上有金银丝装饰的 a kind of small filigree
更小的更低的楼 of smaller, lower buildings and then
然后留出大约2公顷的空地做 make about two acres of open space for a grand piazza
一个面向布鲁克林大桥 that would face the Brooklyn Bridge and
南边的有历史的船只的露天广场 the historic ships to the South and
这那部分的容积率转换到上面细长的塔里 transfer that F.A.R. into a slender tower on top
以此腾出 面积4公顷的公园 to pay for what actually turns out to be four acres
献给城市 of public park that would be given to the city.
这就是现在的计划 So this is the current plan,
我不知道为什么它会是黑色的 但我们继续 and I don't know why that's black but we'll keep going.
这就是场馆看起来的样子 So anyway this is just looking at the pavilions
这是在高架下面的路 and the kind of roads going underneath the highway,
我们现在看不到 图表在这儿显示不出来 we've lost this to, that diagrams died here.
这些就是购物的场馆 These are the shopping pavilions and we
我们用来波浪的形状和木头元素 took these kind of wave patterns and wood elements
作出这些飘过的弧形 to make these sort of arcs that float across.
有一个点要注意的就是 And you know, one of the things was that
但你来到一个关键的角落的时候 you get down to this key corner and
你是看不到布鲁克林大桥的 you can't find the Brooklyn Bridge so we
所以我们分割了这个 carved this sort of slice with this
朝向大桥的强迫透视图 forced perspective that orients you towards the bridge
哦 图表又不能显示了 oh, the diagrams died,
这些是在上面的宾馆 and then these are the hotels that float up above that
从两个 四个巨大的圆柱上挂下来 are sort of, actually hung from two/four super columns
然后这是构台 and then it's a kind of gantry and
宾馆在低处零售店的上面 the hotels float above the low lying retail stuff.
我们的想法是做一个可操作改变的正面 The idea is to have sort of operable facades that
它要有双面开的门 would be a bi-fold door that every room
让每个房间都有自己的遥控系统 would have its own remote control
这样你从河床那边就能操控其形状 so from bed you could operate your shade which would
打开或者关上房间门 open or close your room, and every time you would see
你每次看到宾馆的时候 它的构造都不一样 the hotel it would be a different configuration.
然后是塔 And then the tower,
这是显然是最巧妙的一部分 which was the trickiest one, obviously,
我们想要尽可能地 where we were trying to dematerialise the tower
分解这个塔 as much as we could,
所以我们开始移动不同部分 让它们分开 so we started shifting the volumes and separating them,
然后我们的想法是让这个楼的三个部分 and then the idea was to float the three volumes
置于一个外骨骼主体结构之内 of the building within an exoskeleton super structure
这样我们就能把整体分割开来 that we would sort of break down the mass.
这就是现在的设计 And this is the sort of current design of it,
钢铁被包裹在陶瓦里面 its steel clad in terracotta
这些是一些早期的透视图 and these were some earlier renderings of it.
这是我们给客户的模型 This is the model for the client,
回到前面一个 let's go back one,
现在你能看到 so here you can see the whole complex
河岸和塔的全景 on the water front and the tower.
现在在它后面有一个 Gehry 的楼在建 There's currently a Gehry building going up behind it.
它现在在建 It's under construction.
这是另外角度 Another view of it.
这是中间部分 Down the middle part.
我们现在正在 We are in the middle of battling for approvals on this
争取获得审批 社区已经表示支持 right now. The community has actually supported it,
城市规划局也支持 the city planning has supported it,
经济发展局也支持这个设计 the economic development corporation has supported it,
我们现在正在争取获得地标局的同意 we are fighting with landmarks right now but
我们认为我们能获得 we think we can win.
另外有一个大问题 The next, the big problem,
这是在场馆里的其中一个宾馆 this is one of the restaurant pavilions,
但是我们现在一个很大问题就是 and the big problem that we are having right now though
GGP的股价 is that unfortunately GGP's stock,
它在是67美金一股 which was sixty seven dollars a share when
当我们这周或者说上周 we started closed at forty five cents a share
还是55美分一股 this week, or last week I should say
所以他们现在没有在关注这个 so they are not really focussing on it right now,
但他们 but hopefully
现在正在找合伙人 they are looking for a joint venture partner
而我们大概已经做到了 and we are like, we are probably eighty five per cent
整个计划的85% of the way through the approvals process and
现在的都希望能成功 we are keeping our fingers crossed
这是公园的一个码头 and that's one of the piers from the park and the
这是贯穿这个场地的散步道 esplanade moves all the way through on that spot.
今天晚上我要给你们看的 So to the sort of last project that
最后一个项目是 I am going to show you tonight,
流行技术学院 which was the Fashion Institute of Technology
是我们在大概2003年参加并最后 which was a competition that we were entered actually
胜出的一个比赛 probably 2003 that we won.
我知道这听起来很令人沮丧 I know that this is very depressing,
用时这么久 how long all this takes,
但 F.I.T是在曼哈顿中心 but F.I.T is this kind of brutalist campus
非常野兽派的一个校园 in mid-town Manhattan
有很多很棒的项目 and has all these fantastic programmes
但是市民看不到那儿的变化 but the people in the city can never see what goes on
跟你们这里的大楼很不一样 there, very different feeling from your buildings here,
我们还是觉得一所设计学校的功能本质是 but again for us the per formative nature of
展示你的作品 design school, we felt was kind of exhibiting your work,
回顾和评论你的作品 reviewing and critiquing your work, and
同别人交流你的想法 circulating your ideas.
我们觉得如果我们设计的建筑 We felt that if we could make a building we that
在功能上能做到那几点 per formatively allowed that to happen,
我们的设计就是成功的 then we would have a successful building.
这是个很棒的楼 This was an existing building and then
我们的场地就在这儿 our site was right here.
学校有一万一千名学生 The school has eleven thousand students
但只有1000个住宿名额 but only one thousand dormitory beds
所以说它实际上就一个走读学校 so it's really a commuter school and one of the things
另外一个我们觉得很重要是 that we also felt was really important was
学校有一个地方 我们管它叫北方院 having a kind of, what we were calling the north quad,
一个内部的院子 一个学生的活动中心 an interior quad, or student living place,
同学们会在那儿集中 a place where you could all get together and
能看看学校最近发生了什么 see what was going on, on the campus.
我们把它放在了五楼 And we put it at the fifth floor of the building
因为这层有个桥 because that's the floor where all the bridges connect
把校园所有的建筑 all the buildings to all the other buildings
都连接了起来 on the campus so you kind of
在地面有了一个露天的院子 have the outdoor quad at the ground level
在桥这一层又有一个室内的院子 and the indoor quad at the bridge level.
这次我们的想法又是 And so again it was this idea of making
把正面变得更厚 this kind of thickened fa?ade that
把这栋楼所有的 embedded all the kind of circulation,
流通 展览 评价作品的地方都嵌入进去 the exhibition and the critique spaces for the building.
这就是我们赢得比赛的模型 This was the model that won the competition
我们赢了 然后实际上我们之后又 and we won the competition and then we actually
花了两年的时间重新给整个校园做总规划 spent two years remaster planning their whole campus,
然后我们又花了一年重新做整个项目 and then we spent a year redoing the whole programme
重新设计了这栋楼 and redesigning the building,
我们用过去的两年 and then we've actually spent the last two years
画这栋楼的设计图和 both drawing this building and
重新修整了大约60个实验室和其他的楼 renovating about sixty labs and other buildings
以此来重新安排校园的空间腾出足够的空间 to reorganise their space to make enough space
这样我们开始建楼 so that we start building this
而校园在我们施工的时候 they can keep the university functioning
还能继续运转 while we build the new building.
然后又是用一个很简单的想法 But then again a very simple idea where
有两个混凝土塔 there's sort of two concrete towers,
然后它是一个非常标准的 and then it's a very standard
阁楼建筑 kind of loft construction building with
所有的教室都在里面 all the classrooms.
然后是一个大型的桁架 And then there's a large truss that
支撑着会议室 hangs the sort of seminar rooms and
和教师办公室 这样方院就完全没有柱子了 faculty offices above so that the quad is column free
然后就是一个非常特别的元素 and then there's this one highly specific element
它让建筑的正面变厚了 that becomes that thickened fa?ade on the front.
所以 所有的这些都是非常简单的 So all of this is made very simply
除了正面设计 它同 except for that fa?ade which is made exactly like
暗箱的设计一模一样 the camera obscura is made.
嵌入这个厚度的是 And embedded in that thickness, are again
这楼里流通的作品 all the circulation for the building
评价作品的地方 and the critique spaces,
展览的地方 伸展台还有其他的 the exhibition spaces, runways and other elements,
我们待会儿会在再讲到这个 we should go back to that.
所以 你们又能看到 这儿 So again you can see, and then there's a,
所有的项目都有很强的 you know, again, all the projects have a strong
可持续性 把功能性 sustainability part, is embedded in the kind of
嵌入其中 performance and the way that
空气从天井通过 这样建筑的所有部分 air moves through this atrium so that all the existing
虽然是被风的 building portions can still get natural ventilation,
依旧能够自然通风 even though this building is right up against it.
这就是关于建筑正面的看法 And the kind of current thinking on the fa?ade.
这是最后设计的模型 And this is the model at the end of design development
在我们事务所里 in our office.
在等图片出现的时候 我再说一些 Well, I'll keep talking while it waits.
至少你们能看到 Anyway so you can see the kind of
嵌在那儿的手扶梯 escalators embedded in there,
好 出现了 that's, well, there you go.
好 我们做了一些CFD模型 Anyway, so again, some of the CFD modelling that was
来帮助我们设计 done that helped generate the form.
你们在前面这儿 You can see again
又能看到加厚的正面图 the thickened fa?ade on the front there.
这是通过正面 That's a view of looking through that
看入主房间的一个视角 thickened fa?ade into the main room.
整个正面实际上都是挂在钢索上的 And all of that whole fa?ade is actually hung on cables
这是北方院的图 this is looking in that sort of North quad.
这就像一个加厚的 So it really almost like a thickened piece of fabric
从大楼的前面挂下来 that hangs on the front of the building.
从西边看 And looking west.
我们10月份在做这个项目的设计 So we were working on it in October,
政府给了 市和州政府双方 the state had given its, the city and the state were
各提供一半的项目资金 fifty/fifty in giving money for it
州政府已经把钱批下来的了 and the state had given its money, and then
但由于金融危机 市政府在犹豫 with the economic crisis the city baulked
所有的项目都在等待状态 and everything went on hold.
我们已经发现 We've just found out that
这个项目在经济刺激计划之中 it's been part of the stimulus package
明天我们会重新开工 and we start tomorrow building it again.
我们希望资金能够到位 So we'll hopefully get it in the ground,
资金大概能够在11月份到位 well we have to get it in the ground by November,
这是我们总统的计划 that is our president's rule.
所以 资金在11月份会到位 So it will be in the ground by November.
最后 Okay, so the sort of ending thing is
我们在考虑方方面面的时候 we are thinking about all of this stuff and
然后我们开始想 we started saying like, well
我们能摆脱客户吗 这会有效吗 could we just get rid of the client, would that work,
所以我们把当作一个想法开始考虑 so we started thinking about that as an idea and
这让我想到了一点 it really made us think about something which was
每个人都怪这个人 everybody blames this guy for everything,
我的激光笔正指着的 my laser pointer,
你个意大利人在这种手势 your Italian in you kind of gesticulates
还在讲座里用激光笔指 and you do it in a laser pointer in a lecture and so
我把电池用完了 I have killed the battery, anyway,
每个人都把没有创造力之类的 everyone sort of blames the developer for the sort of
怪到开发商的头上 the lack of creativity and the kind of thing
所以我们设计者们总是要同开发商斗争 that we as designers always have to fight against
但问题的关键真的不在于开放商 but it's really not the developer that's the problem.
问题的关键是这个人 它才是问题 The problem is this guy, that's the problem,
因为 只要银行给他们贷款 because the developer will build anything
开发商什么样的建筑都愿意建 that the bank will give them a loan for
但是银行只会把贷款给一些 but the lender will only give a loan for something,
他们觉得 他们会说:我要五个综合评估 and what they'll say is I want five comps, right,
得是有比较的评估 and comps are comparables.
这是什么意思 And what does that mean?
我要看看这个社区里 I want to see the five other buildings
另外五个和这个设计的一样的大楼 in this neighbourhood that are designed
我要知道明确的 exactly like this and I want to know exactly,
它们销售的情况 what they sold for.
然后当然 这些综合评估 And of course, what those comps were,
是现成的产品 were what the products that were available
它们是 and those were what
地产开发商必须卖的 the real estate brokers had to sell,
是买房唯一想买的 which were the only options the purchasers had to buy,
真正能推动着销售数字的东西 which drove the sales data like, you know,
比如人们喜欢花岗岩盥洗盆 well people really like granite counter tops,
但我不相信这个 这不过 I don't believe that, it's just
因为他们只有花岗岩一个选择盥洗盆 they only had the choice of granite counter tops,
你们知道的 它能推动市场 and you know that drives the marketing
会让室内设计师 which pushes the interior designers,
把建筑师推入一个很困难的处境 which forces the architect into this horrible position.
对于我们来说 So you know, for us, it's like
如何要打破这个平庸体制 我认为 how do you break that cycle of mediocrity and I think
这很大程度要通过 that a lot of it came from this fact of trying
把在过去3 50年 to grab back these territories that had been
我们的职业中失去的领土 given away by our profession
争取回来 over the past thirty or forty years.
我们要让自己成为专家 And it's that we try to make ourselves specialists
而不是我们和擅长的 instead of what we are really good at,
做所谓的通才 which is we are generalists.
我们擅长的是 What we are really good at is knowing
了解关于很多不同事物的很多方面 a lot of things about a lot of different stuff and
然后辛辛苦苦地把它们综合在一起 synthesising this together ascetically and spatially.
我们不擅长的是成为 What we are not good at it just being specialists
只是关于图像的专家 just about image
我们能这么做 and we can do it
但是这是一个很弱的位置 but it's really a very weak position to be
因为你不用承担任何的风险 in because you are not taking any risks
如果这就是你想要的话 if that's all that you do.
这儿的关键就是 And so the critical thing here is
同时分享风险和收益 the play between risk and reward
建筑设计师总是抱怨 and architects and designers are always complaining
我们工作那么辛苦 但赚的那么少 that we don't make any money, we work so hard.
这是因为如果你不承担风险的话 Well it's because if you don't take any risks
你就不能拿到收益 you don't get any rewards,
就是这样子 that's just not the way that it works.
我就像这只飞在猴子屁股后面的蝴蝶 And it's not an accident that we are the butterfly,
就在这儿 这个结果并不意外 flying around the monkeys arse right here,
这个原因是我们工作的方式 because that's how we behave as a profession
事实是 and the fact of the matter is,
除非我们愿意让自己沾上铜臭 until we are willing to get dirty and
把自己的工作范围从布局 expand out from just sort of composing images
楼房外部的样子延伸出去 of the outsides of the buildings,
除非我们更深度的工作 until we can get into the thickness,
进入的设计的后面 get behind and passed the kind of,
不要仅仅设计和评估建筑 just the plans and the elevations of the buildings,
除非学习运用技术 学习如何运用它 learn the technology, learn how it goes together,
学习金融 政治 learn the finance, learn the politics and
然后把它们结合 bring those things together
不然我们的状况永运都不会进步 we are never going to progress.
但事实上 But the fact of the matter is,
我们的头脑贡献是最多的 our intellectual contribution is the most,
但这个小三角图表把我们 yet that little triangle diagram has
摆到了次要的这边 然后强迫每个人 relegated us to the side and forced everyone to
互相斗争 fight with each other in order to
以此来给法律事业带来更多的收入 generate revenues for the law industry.
所以窍门就是 And so the whole trick is
怎么把我们从这个位置移开 how do you move us out of this position
这就是我所谈论的 and that's what I'm talking about,
要双管齐下 sort of doubling down.
意思是 我们参与的要多多 This idea that if you, the more that we can take
我们做的好的是 what we do so well which is
广泛的技术层面的 this wide ranging skills set.
我们的事情是很好有人能做到的 We do something that very few people can do,
我们发明事物 we invent something in the future
用三维方法解决问题 and solve problems three dimensionally
然后我们把它们转化成另外一种语言 and then we convert them into a language
让其他人来把我们想的 for other people to then reassemble
重新组装 what we had once thought of.
这是一件很难的事 That is a very difficult thing.
但如果你只是画图 But if you are only going to do the imagery of it
不更加深入参与 and you are not going to get into the thickness of it
你永远都不会承担风险 you will never be in the position of taking risk,
也永远都不会来到获取收益的位置 and you will never be in the position of getting reward
所以这就是我们号召的 And so that's really what we are making a call to do,
把我们能做的那部分做好 to sort of take what we do and do it well.
这是我们建的6栋楼 我们冒了很大的风险 Now these are six buildings that we took huge risks on
我们的所有家当 and with the world falling apart,
它们中有一些让我们赚了钱 you know some of them we made money,
有一些赔了钱 有的让甚至我们破产了 some of them we lost and some of them we broke even.
最后 And at the end of the day,
我们可能还是破产了 we probably broke even all the way across.
但是这不是最重要的 我们成功建了6栋楼 But it didn't matter, we got six buildings built
我们开始真正思考如何做事 and we started to really think about how we do things
我们在这个过程中学到了很多 and we understood a lot more about the process.
我要说的是 And so what I'm saying is,
我不是要说我们的每个项目 it's not to say every project that we do,
或者说但你们开始工作的时候 and that you do when you go out
你们的每个项目也不要有客户 and practise yourselves, should have no client.
当然在不同的项目中 Of course in different kinds of projects you have to
你们用到所有这些结构的工作方式 work in every one of these configurations
你们得灵活的思考 and you need to be flexible to think about
各种做事情的方式 all those different ways of doing that.
要有的关键是 And that idea though is to take
找到我们擅长的 what we are really good at
然后尽可能的拓展它 and expand that as much as you can.
SHOP努力做的是 And so what SHOP has tried to do is,
我们已经开始进入房地产业 we have started all the real estate stuff that
我已经说过了 I have talked about,
我们开始了 BIN的咨询业务 we have started a sort of BIN consulting
和施工管理公司 and construction Management Company
我们甚至还开始了一个软件公司 and we have even started a software company
在公司里写一些 where we have started to write all kinds of programmes
将来设计师想要 for what future designers are going to need
深入可能会用到的一些程序 in order to get into that thickness.
它们中的其中一些可能会成功 Some of these might be successful,
其中一些可能会失败 some of these might fail
但这对我们来说不重要 but it doesn't even matter to us.
这是智库的一部分 It's part of a think tank and
是一种拓展我们作为设计师能做的 part of an attitude of expanding what we can do
以此来在建筑上 as designers to really play a bigger role
扮演跟大的角色 in the way space gets made.
我不是在号召一个新的风格 So I am not calling for a new style,
一个新的时代 新的理论 or a new period, or a new theory
或者一种新的哲学 我在号召的是 or a new philosophy but what I am calling for is for,
现在是做一个年轻建筑设计师的绝佳时期 it's an amazing time to be a young architect
因为科技的发展 because what's happening with the technology
创造了一个绝大的转换模式的机会 is creating such a huge paradigm shift that
是时候 that is the moment that
你们把那些领地拿回来了 you can grab those territories back.
我猜 我说的是 And so I guess all I am saying is that
SHOP意义在于 what SHOP is about is, and
我们号召的是 what we are calling for is for
担起责任和风险 taking that responsibility and taking that risk,
因为我认为作为专业人士 because I think as a profession
我们能会文化的产生 we have so much to offer
作出很多的贡献 for the production of culture,
非常感谢 thank you very much.