很高兴来到这里 It's really nice to be here.
来这里花了不少时间 It was a long time getting here,
通常从洛杉矶到旧金山 usually getting from Los Angels to San Francisco
用不了多久 但今天航班延误了 is pretty simple but today there was a delay.
我记得有一句俗语: 总有意料之外之事 There was some kind of quote: incident on the bart.
因此我想我必须尽量避免 So I actually had to be evacuated from the bart.
今天的主题是: 锤子和鼠标之间的空间 I call this lecture: Spaces Between the Hammer
我们之所以将主题定为 and the Mouse. The reason why we call this
锤子和鼠标之间的空间是因为 lecture Spaces Between the Hammer and the Mouse
我们对构建 计算和概念的结合 is that one were interested in an
很感兴趣 integration of fabrication, computation and concept.
我们对这三者结合起来 Were interested in the kind
能够带来的力量十分感兴趣 of energy those three things, when combined can create.
我想这个形象反映了这一点 与此同时 I think that this image reflects that. Also a sort of
我们对数字科技以及它在 frustration we feel with digital technology
设计领域中表现出的持续的吸引力 and the relentless fascination with it that were
感到某种绝望 seeing in design culture these days.
我想这几张图片能部分反映出我们的 These are a few slides that I think reflect a few things
实践的内容 左边的是一个奖杯 about our practice. The left is a trophy,
是我在弗兰克盖里公司的同事 that my partner worked on while at Frank and
的作品 右边的是我于1998年为 Garry Partners. The right is a set for an Audi
奥迪广告进行的设计 commercial that I designed in about 1998.
而正是这两个设计 These two images reflect the skill sets an
所展现出的技巧为我们创建 backgrounds of each of us that come together
鲍尔-诺格斯工作室奠定了基础 to create Ball-Nogues Studio.
左边的显示出一种对形态的关注 The left being an interest in form deriving
从对生产与制造的限制和参数 from a clear understanding of the limitations
的清晰理解中引申出来的形态 and parameters of production and of fabrication.
而右边的形象和情景展现的仅仅 While on the right, the image and spectacle show
是物体的表面和暂时的结构的运算 only the surface of things and the logistics of a
因为一部电影就是一个 temporary structure. For a movie set is a
暂时的结构 因此 我们有构造对 temporary structure. So you have fabrication
形象设计 表现对形象设计 versus the image producer, performance versus
以及表现对风格 the image producer, and performance versus styling.
我们时不时被卷入这些阵营这种 We sometimes get thrown into one of these
这些是造型师 而那些只对 camps or another. That were stylists, or that were
结构和表现感兴趣 only into structure and performance.
我认为这是两种设计倾向 I think that it is a dialogue between
之间的对话 these two tendencies in design.
这就是我们工作室的一些 This is just a brief overview of some of the
简短回顾 或者说是加斯顿和我 history of our studio, of actually the work
在创建鲍尔-诺格斯工作室 that Gaston and I did prior to preforming
之前的作品 这是我在1998年设计 Ball-Nogues Studio. This is a recording studio
的录音工作室 同样 这里的设计灵感 I did in 1998. Again the design here is driven
也来源于对材料性质 物理性质和 by an interest in material properties and
空间布局的兴趣 physical properties, needs of the space.
在这个例子中 我运用了 In this case acoustics determining
声音和形态的结合 and deriving the form.
我的合伙人加斯顿以前设计定制汽车 My partner Gaston builds custom automobiles
这是一辆他改造过的1929年的 and this is a 1929 Ford roadster pick-up that
福特汽车 是他亲手改造的 he converted and did all the engineering on.
这里实际上已经没有太多20年代 There is actually very little of a 1920's pick-up here.
的特征了 我想就是这部分 在这里 I think there is just this part, right here.
他喜欢告诉别人 这有点像 He likes to tell people that this is a little bit
约翰尼卡什的歌 像是1959 56 like that Johnny Cash song, it's a like a 1959,
57 58年的作品 所有的东西都 56, 57, 58; all those different years kind of
被糅合到一起 他喜欢接受挑战 cobbled together. He loves the challenge of building
建造一些能运行 能真正工作的东西 something that needs to preform, that needs to
定制汽车领域就是一个理想的领域 really work. Custom cars are a really great place
尤其在定制汽车文化氛围浓厚的 to do that, especially in southern California where
南加利福尼亚 我们发现 很多的合作 the culture is so rich. We actually find that a lot of
伙伴都对改造汽车很感兴趣 the people that we work with are interested in
并且很多出色的制造师都在做 building cars, and a lot of the best fabricators do it.
因此 我们要讲什么 我要用这幅图 So, what are we really up to. I use this picture
这幅图展示了早期的福特汽车 because this is an early image of the ford
生产线 我们有一个术语叫 assembly line, and we use a phrase called the
产品设计 我想福特对此 design of production and I think that that was
一定十分感兴趣 something Ford was interested in for sure.
他设计汽车的效率很高 He was able to really design cars effectively,
他先将产品设计出来 然后 after he had already designed the production:
投入生产线 他引进了材料送到工人 the assembly line. He had brought the idea of
手中 而不是让工人跟着材料走 bringing the materials to the man rather than
的生产方式 the man going to the material.
所有这些都是新的 还有其他生产线 All of this was new, along with other assembly
上的创新 当我们开始一个项目的时候 line innovations. When we approach a project
我们不仅关注我们要达到的效果 we are looking not only at the effect we are
或者怎样完成项目 trying to produce, or how it address' the program.
而是关注怎样将它拉出来 We are looking at how we can pull this off
让计算参数发挥作用 given the logistical parameters that are in place.
我们的很多项目都是暂时的 Many of our projects are temporary so we really
因此我们需要设计这些项目怎样 have to design how the project is going to be
构建 建设 装配 分解 constructed, fabricated, installed, dismantled,
利用或者重建 这种理念 disposed of or re purposed. Its this idea that
贯穿整个过程 rather then this being about
而不只是关于物体设计的 an object design is about the entire process.
我要讲9个项目 I'm going to talk about nine projects.
第一个是可拉伸的镶嵌结构 The first being tensile tessellated structures,
其他是旋转的部分的集合 others being a conglomeration of rotated parts,
在这个例子中是薄纸板 然后是 In this case cardboard. Then some work we've
一些链状物和下垂的藤蔓 been doing with catenaries and then droop scapes.
这是我们2005年做的马克西米连 This a project called Maximilian Schell that we
是为洛杉矶的一家非盈利 did in 2005. Materials and applications which is
展览馆做的项目 a not for profit gallery in LA. We were
当我们第一次思考这个项目的时候 approached first about doing this,
我们想 到底应该怎么做 we thought well what are we going to do,
我根本没有想法 但我在做关于 I didn't have any idea, but I was doing some work
参数瓷砖的系统的项目 我想这是一个 on parametric tiling systems. I decided that this
创造一些东西并进行展示的好机会 would be a perfect opportunity to create something
但是与其将它变成一个 and actually display it. But also rather than trying
展示我们的科技成就的平台 to create a display of a sampling of our technical
我们想做出一些在空间中 achievement we wanted to make something that
又能影响空间的整体布局的 actually had a presence in space that really affected
东西 因此 这就是我们的成品 the space, so this was the outcome.
它是由四角支撑的 You can see that it was supported on four sides.
其中两个是实心的钢管 旁边是钢索 Two being solid steel tube and then cables on the side
伫立在洛杉矶喧嚣的街头 in kind of an infill space on a busy street in LA.
它形成了一个口袋公园 这是内部 It formed kind of a pocket park. The inside,
这是底面 在这条忙碌的街道上 this is the underside of it, created a space that was
营造出了一个既深沉又有社会性的空间 contemplative yet social just off this busy street.
在地上有曼陀罗样式的图案 There is a sort of mandala pattern on the ground
你可以站在它的中心 and you can stand in the centre of it
仰望天空 我们的设计灵感来源于 and gaze at the sky. It's design was derived
对三方面的研究 from a study of three things.
瑞士工程师和建筑师奥托 Otto the Swiss engineer and architect,
他在迪士尼电影中设计黑洞 还有 the Disney film the black hole, and a lot of
其他研究和发现 奥托是 research and development. Otto if you don't
膜结构的先驱 know was a pioneer in membrane structures.
他的事业开启于50年代 给小电影 He started working in the 50's with soap films to
做最小面 它们可以通过这个设备被 create minimal surfaces which could then be
记录下来 来产生形状 recorded through this apparatus to create patterns.
这些平面之后可以被做成 These surfaces could then be made into
建筑大小的结构 在风中可以保持 architectural scaled structures which are very
很高的稳定性 这些设备其实就是 stable in the wind. This apparatus was essentially,
他的电脑 随着他越来越详细 his computer. As he got more and more elaborate
在一个系统中运用多重钢索 and used multiple cables in one system the apparatus
设备也需要更加细致 来研究 also had to become more elaborate to study the
这个系统在不同压力下的反应 reaction of the system to different tensions applied
现在所有这一切都可以通过 to the perimeter. That all now is a achieved through
图形分析软件进行解决 左边的 form finding analysis software. The left slide being
图片显示的是奥托70以及之前 what Otto would have done in the 1970's and for
的三十到四十年间的工作 而右边的是 30 to 40 years prior to that, and the right being a
一个电脑软件做出的模型 form found model using software.
这就意味着我们可以更快地 So this means you are able to iterate this type
描绘出这种结构 of structure much more rapidly. Your able to
你可以省去一系列繁琐的步骤 study it without the laborious process of making
不用做这些小电影并给它们拍照 these soap skin films and taking photographs of them.
这里的黑洞设计部分是由于我们 The black hole in this case was driven partially
对科技的兴趣 我们对于 due to an interest in technology and we were
做一些事情是持怀疑态度的 very sceptical in doing something that was,
比如我刚才说的关于科技的展示 as I said a demonstration of technology.
因此我们开始寻找一种与这一项目 So we started thinking about a narrative that would
相关的表现方式 work in conjunction with the project that would
能将我们从科技的魅力中拉出来 take a step back from this fascination with
使观众能从另一个角度 technology and give the audience another
欣赏这件作品 在这个例子中 window into the project. In this case we were
我们就从流行文化中黑洞的概念入手 looking into the pop culture notion of the black hole.
在迪士尼电影中 马克西米连扮演 In this Disney film Maximilian Shell plays the
男主角赖恩哈特医生 lead role of doctor Reinhardt.
他有点像建筑师 He is a little bit like an architect.
这位疯狂的科学家 在星系边缘 He is this mad scientist who has been living 20 years
生活了20年 并杀害了所有的同伴 on the edge of the galaxy and killed his entire crew.
他想跳入黑洞 He wants to take a plunge into the black hole.
他认为当他从另一面出来时 Thinking that it will incur some sort of higher
会获得更高深的知识 knowledge when he comes out the other side.
我们认为设计一件作品来纪念 We thought that making a project that was an
马克西米连可以给作为 homage to Maximilian Shell in this case would
故事一部分的对科技的痴迷 kind of shed light on this fascination with
带来一定的启发 technology that were kind of a part of.
因此我们自己在嘲笑自己 So were really making fun of our selves.
这一项目的研究和发展 Research and development in this project was
相当丰富 通过参数模型 quite intensive. Through parametric modelling
我们可以搞清怎样创建一个 we were looking at how you create an implied
虚拟的平面 取一个与之相连的 surface and then take an object that has a set of
物体 并在平面上将它实体化 rules associated with it and instantiate it
最终你会获得一些 across the surface. You essentially have something
有DNA的东西 这种DNA that has a DNA and that DNA gets played out
会呈现出不同的形态 但这些都是通过 and has different manifestations but there all done
平面上一些规则完成的 with a set of rules across this surface.
因此 它就是我们要遵守的数字和 So its a digital brick or virtual standard that were
虚拟标准 在左上方的是 我们的 working with. On the left, at the top is a kind of
平面设计图 flattened version that we're working with.
我们在看 怎样与设计系统一同 We are looking at how you create a production system
创造出一个生产系统 同时 along with a design system. At the time we were
我们想象这个项目是从 imagining this project would have been cut out of
镀锌金属和PETG塑料中切割出来的 galvanized metal or PETG plastic.
通过研究我们发现 Through our investigation we decided it wasn't
这并不是正确的方式 the appropriate way of doing it.
我们最先设想的很多模型 A lot of models we originally imagined it
都有不同的边界条件 to have a different edge conditions.
我们开始的时候 并不知道怎样做 When we began to do this we did not know how
一层弹力膜 这就是奥托的工作 to do an elastic membrane, which is what
这就是我们的学习曲线 Otto did. It was real learning curve for us.
我们最后决定用最简单的解决方案 We eventually settled on the most simple solution
也是最精确的 那就是将这里 and the most elegant, which was to bring this thing
全部拖到边缘上 这就使我们有了 all the way out to the edge. It created the most
最深入的了解 因为没有边缘的情况下 emersive experience because it allowed Mylar
聚酯薄膜能吸收最多的太阳光 to filter the most sunlight without edges.
这对人行道只有很不显著的影响 It had a very inconspicuous presence on the sidewalk.
我们首先用了PETG 有6英尺长 First mock up of it using PETG this is about 6 ft long.
通过研究瓷砖系统我们发现 Studying the tiling system what we found is that
当你将一个六英尺场的模型 when you go up in scale from something that is
扩展到一栋建筑上时 在材料和链接 6 feet long to the size of a building, materials,
方面你要做完全不同的事情 connections, you have to do very different things.
在这里 它们是凸起的连接 In this case these are flanged connections and we
我们认为 这并不合适 decided that that was not going to be appropriate.
我们一开始就觉得这并不合适 We kind of knew it wasn't going to be appropriate
但是我们还是建成了这栋建筑 when we began but we built this thing anyway.
我们想看看是否能将它拉起来 It was proof of concept we wanted to see if we
来证明我们的一个理念 当时将504 could actually pull it off. At the time the process
块不同的部分组合起来是叹为观止的 of putting together 504 unique parts was daunting.
我们最后决定用一块加固的聚酯薄膜 We ultimately settled upon a reinforced Mylar that
上面有底色和反射膜 has a tint and a reflective coating on it,
并应用这种折叠系统 and using this sort of lapping system.
这就意味着 这种材料在从上面下来时 What that meant is that you have this material that
会在一个方向上产生弯曲 is kind of curving in one direction when it comes
我们决定必须用这种方式 off the role. We decided that we had to work
这是它的背面 with that, this is the backside of it,
我们将它叫做粗毛 这是一个三角形 we called this shag. This is a triangulated surface
的平面 它实际上是纤维的 and given that this is fabric really,
它的后面垂下很多多余的部分 you can create a lot of excess hanging off the
这就是我们说的 back of it. So that became what we called
表面遮盖 因此这就是 shagging the surface, so this was a
这个项目中真正的转折点 real turning point in this project.
这是我们的第二次模拟 Here we have the second mock up of it and
这是第三次 中间是透视图 the third mock up of it. The middle being
左边是参数模型 a rendering the left being a parametric model and
右边是效果图 所有这些都来源于 the right being the outcome, all this coming from
一个数据库 因此我们对透视图不信任 the same data. So we have a real mistrust of renderings
因此我们很少用 我们习惯用 we don't use them very often. We are interested in
数字计算来操纵装配系统 using digital computation to compute systems of
而不是制造物体的仿真模拟 assembly rather then to create simulations or
或者重现 因此 这并不是一项我们 representations of things. Therefore this is not a skill
自己开发出来的技能 set that we really develop ourselves,
如果我们真的需要 有朋友会给我们做 if we do need it then we have friends do it for us.
这是核心概念 So this is the essential concept here.
我们有可以展开 然后 You have parts that can be flattened and then
组装成三维面的部分 assembled into this three dimensional surface.
这个项目中的另一个转折点 Another major turning point in the project was
就是发明了切割机 the discovery of the cutting apparatus.
这是一个纤维切割机 This is a fabric cutting apparatus that is optimized
专门用来切割这种材料 for cutting these types of materials and it is much
要比激光切割便宜很多 less expensive then laser cutting. So it was when
我们只有将它理解为一种生产方式之后 we understood this as a method of production that
才能真正开始着手进行这个项目 we were able to actually go ahead with the project,
因此 在这个例子中 我们是边前进 so in this case we're kind of designing the production
边摸索 这个模拟演示 as we're moving along. This mock up shows the kind
展示了地面上的玫瑰窗效果 of rose window effect on the ground.
然后是对张力的研究 我们从没有 Then the study of tension, we had never worked
研究过张力 加斯顿在盖里的工作室 with tension. Gaston had been working in Garry's
工作过 我和其他建筑师们一起 office and I had been working for these architects
设计过医院 因此 我们两人都没有 doing medical buildings so neither of us had worked
接触过拉伸建筑 我们决定学习它的 a tensile project before. We decided to learn what
构成 张力到底意味着什么? that felt like, because what does tension really mean?
我们打算自己建造 We decided to build this thing ourselves.
我们没有承包商 于是我们到一个公园里 We don't have a contractor so we went out to a park,
我们在两棵棕榈树间绑了75英尺的钢索 we stretched 75 ft of cable between two palm trees
然后向钢索施加几千磅的力 and tensioned the cable under several thousand
来观察这意味着什么 pounds to see what that would mean.
然后我们在上面放啤酒瓶 来看它 We then weighted it with beer bottles to see how
如何偏转 我们之前从没这样做过 it would deflect, never having done that before.
虽然这很简单 但我之前从未做过 Now its kind of intuitive to me but never having done
这很有趣 因为无论你怎样尝试 that before was interesting because you can never
都无法将钢索拉平 really make a cable flat no matter how much you try.
我们进行了尝试 我们在钢索上放了 So we tried. We tried different amounts of beer
不同数量的酒瓶 我们试着减少钢索上 on the cable, we tries lowering the amount of beer
啤酒瓶的重量 最终我们和这个项目的 on the cable. Ultimately we ended up working with
结构工程师进行了合作 the structural engineer in this case,
斯图加特的迪亚特 他就是 this guy Dieter Stroble in Stuttgart who actually
这款软件的设计者 因此这是一个 designs this software. So this is a computer model
计算机模型 会影响这种膜的重力 that actually simulates the effect of gravity and the
作用和结构表现 structural performance of this type of membrane.
我们研究不同参数的输入 We were looking at the input of different parameters,
也就是在边缘上的压力 basically the cable tension around the perimeter and
而它的输出与是与形式有关的 what the output of that will be in terms of the form.
因此我们看到 在蓝色下面有红色 So you can see that there is a red version underneath
我们和工程师反复试验和磋商 the black ones. Your working back and forth with
最终决定完成这个作品的 the engineer and ultimately determining
最佳方式 the best form for your project.
在虚拟标准和参数模型中 In the activity of virtual standard or the
这是作品上的两片踏板 parametric brick, these are two kind of pedals
它们是由同一个电脑模型 on that project. They are really made from
做成的 但这些只是随着它在平面延伸 the same computer model but these are just
表现出的两个不同版本 two different versions of it as its substantiated
是它的两种不同结果 across the surface. Two different outcomes of it.
你从工程师那里拿来数据 Your taking this data from the engineer,
这个理想化的平面是根据 which is this idealized surface which is based
电子薄膜模型建立起来的 on kind of a digital soap film model and then
然后将这一部分在平面上延伸开来 instantiating this part across it.
那时我们并没有用手写体 At the time we did this without scripting,
所有的都是亲手做的 so this was all done by hand and these
这个面上需要放250-30个点 250-300 point had to be put on this surface
繁重的劳动 然后我们将它割成了 very laboriously. Then we cut it into these
504个部分 然后组装起来 504 parts and later assemble it. Doing it alone.
它是美丽的金色的 我们自己 It's a nice gold colour, we do all the
完成所有的建设工作 construction and manage all the construction.
我们和很多志愿者一起做这个项目 On this project we worked with a lot of volunteers.
我们花了一年做研究 两周进行建造 So its about a year of research about two weeks
两个小时时间进行升降 of fabrication and about two hours to hoist.
这是从中心向上望 This was looking up the centre of it,
那是一个激动的时刻 in a kind of James Tryell moment.
我认为黑洞的理念是行得通的 I think the black hole notion is really applicable
这是一个吸收并且集中光线的 given that this is a funnel that collects light and
漏斗 同时 在我们组装这些部分时 concentrates light. Also, the way that we arranged
我们创建了一个决定长度的 these parts we created an algorithm that determined
运算规则 因此随着绳子越来越 the length of the shag. So the shag went from shorter
靠近黑洞的中心 长绳从短到长 out on the perimeter to longer and longer and longer
在参数系统中越来越长 as it approached the centre of the hole, as though
就好像它被重力拉下来了 it was being pulled down by the force of gravity.
这是一个铆钉 光线可以通过它 This is a clear rivet that allowed light to
如果你看它的不同形态 pass through it. If you look at different images
它既是透明的 也是反射的 of it, it's simultaneously transparent and reflective.
在夜晚它有另一种表现形式 Here it has a different presence at night.
我喜欢思考这些过程 但是 I like to think about these process' but somehow
我认为这些并不是我们作为设计师 I don't think it's really what we should be talking
应该讨论的问题 这是弗兰克扎帕 about as designers. This is an image of Frank Zappa,
70年代初 他是以为先锋派音乐家 in the early 70's when he was working as an avant guard
那时候学术领域对乐谱形式有很多种 musician and there was a lot of work going on in
想法 这些指挥和作曲家 academia on the score. Different ways of scoring
创造出了很多种乐谱形式 music that these conductors and composers were
最终 这些新的乐谱形式自身 developing. Ultimately these new forms of notation
就成为了艺术作品 became works of art in and of themselves.
在那一刻 扎帕几乎失望了 他说 At that point Zappa got really frustrated and said
"你吃的又不是食谱" 他说音乐是 "you don't eat the recipe". He said music is
空气的振荡和我们的思想活动 something that is a direct connection between the
之间的直接联系 air waves vibrating and our nervous system,
这才是它应该做的事 我想说 and that's what it should do. I have to say that
我部分赞同他的观点 在设计和建筑 I kind of believe him and I hold the same view
上我持同样的观点 with respect to design and architecture.
我们最终需要到达普通的观众 That we ultimately need to reach a general audience
不管他们是否有建筑学背景 whether or not they have a background in architecture
是否懂得建筑过程中的技术步骤 or understand the technical process' that go into it.
这是给弗兰克盖里事务所做的作品 This is a project for Frank Gary and Tiffany to
庆祝蒂芙尼的珠宝新生产线 commemorate the launch of his new jewelry line.
这件作品的背景是 The background of this project was really that it was
为蒂芙尼的一个活动设计的 an event design for Tiffany and Gary on Radeo Drive,
是一个两天的活动 我们想要 it was a two day event. What we wanted to do was
将盖里的物质性和蒂芙尼的奢华 honour the materiality of Gary and fuse that with
结合起来 从而扩展蒂芙尼品牌 the luxury of Tiffany to kind of expand the Tiffany
的美学内涵 brand to include this different aesthetic.
因此 他们将此叫做 So we were working with what they were calling
风景加活动 the body as landscape add campaign that they were
他们将之用于盖里的珠宝生产线 using for the new Gary jewelry line. We created
我们在全场布置了纸板结构 cardboard structures through out the event site that
这着实有将身体当做风景的精神 really had that spirit of body as landscape.
我们做了软垫椅子 这面墙是用来 We created ottomans, this is a wall that was used
进行实体模特展览的 for the display of the jewelry with live models
实体模特戴着珠宝 就好像 wearing the jewelry within it. Looking just like
贴在墙上的宣传画 但是蒂凡尼 the ads which by the way, Tiffany wasn't comfortable
由于一些原因并不满意 他们在活动前 for some odd reason, they approached us before
找到我们 说他们对西洋镜的设计 the event and said, we're not really comfortable
并不满意 with the peep show aspect of this.
你站在窗口 往里看这些裸体模特 You stand at the windows and look in at these naked
戴着珠宝 models wearing the jewelry.
我们告诉他们 我们是直接从广告上 We told them we just cribbed it directly from there
获得的灵感 advertising and that was the end of that.
他们最后很喜欢这种设计 They loved it in the end.
这就是70年代盖里的工作的 This is really an expansion on what Gary did
延伸 他对边缘的处理 in the 70's with his easy edges where he was really
就是将边缘伸出来 因此 我们想 extruding this stuff. So we thought what happens
将这个折叠 会发生什么 这是一些 when you twist this. That's a close up of some of
纸板的特写 你像一组卡片一样 the card board. You twist it like a deck of cards.
进行扭曲 这些就是我们要设计的 These are die cut, so these are the dies that we
模具 每一部分都要进行优化 have to design. Each of these parts is really optimized
以便适合28乘97的切割刀 to fit into a 28 inch by 97 inch piece of cookie
在这个作品里 我们自己设计 cutter really. In this case we were
这些部件 就好像我们设计嵌钉 designing the part itself, like we were designing the
和干砌墙一样 决定嵌钉和 studs and the drywall, determining the size of
干砌墙的大小 the studs and and the drywall.
这是一个旋转式的模具 这里有示意图 So this is a rotary die, so that's a drawing for it.
它以6000压痕每小时切割纸板 It cuts through this card board at like 6000
我不想给大家播放录像 impressions an hour. I'm actually not going to
这就是这个机器的工作过程 show the video, but that the machine that will
它来到一辆卡车前面 do it. It arrives on a truck and we break it up
将它切成不同的部分 很难解释 into individual parts. Its hard to explain,
有点像烧烤工具箱 it's a little bit like a Barbie kit where you have
比方说这里有一辆摩托车 like here motorcycle and there is these little
这些小方片将所有东西组装起来 tabs that hold everything together.
这些片就以这样的方式到达这里 That the way these sheets arrive and then you
然后你通过敲击将它们粉碎 break them up by punching them. We did an early
我们做过模拟实验来检验结构上的效果 mock up of it to test it for structural performance.
我应该说 我们也在设计 I should mention that we're really designing
设计所用的工具 就好像设计你自己的 the tools of design as well. It's like designing
曲线板 这是一个参数模型 your own french curve. This is a parametric model
是利用一款机械工程软件 and it was designed using a mechanical engineering
Top Solid设计出来的 这一模型 software called Top Solid, and the model is
是用来合并纸板的曲线的 designed to incorporate the exact profile of the
然后将纸板转化成一个量 cardboard and then instantiate that cardboard
通过一系列的操控 into a volume and through a set of controls
我们可以像操作真的纸板一样 we're able to manipulate the model as though
操作这个模型 we were playing with actual pieces of cardboard.
如果只是雕塑的话 A different process then
那过程是不一样的 when your just kind of sculpting.
你可以看到用模型和观察者 There you can see the way its organized with
组织设计的方式 在最上边有一名 the model and the viewer, and there's a
DJ 这就是一个小型摄影室 DJ up on the top. This was essentially a little
有镁光灯来突出模型 photo studio with beauty lighting to
这种设计的灵感 highlight the models. The inspiration being
来源于杜尚的名画 右边是模型 Di Champs "Etant Donner" there's the model
是一个十分紧凑的形象 没有任何 there on the right, its a tightly cropped image,
少儿不宜的东西 我们在两小时内 nothing x-rated. We were able to build this
通过模型进行了建造和修改 off site and erect it in about two hours.
和灯光师一起合作 Working with the lighting designer.
这幅图展现的是这个案例 This is a picture that represents the kit
中的各个部分 我们有不同的 of parts in this case. You have all these
纸板 大概每种有 different profiles of cardboard, about ten thousand
一万张 我们就是这样做出了 of each of these. This is how we made the
前面给大家看的 ottoman that I showed you earlier.
软垫椅子 然后就是我们所说的支架 That's the ottoman there. Then you have what
因此 将这个和这个结合在一起 we call bucks. So by combining one of these
并将大概400块材料铺开 and one of these and spanning which about
我们就得到了这个 400 of these, you get one of these.
这是一个有趣的过程 它允许设计师 It was an interesting process that allowed
进行很多即兴创作 for a lot of improvisation by those who were building.
我们可以对组装师傅说 We could say to the guy who was putting this together,
他可以说 "你们想要多少这种设计?" he would say well "how many of this design do you
而我并不在乎 want" and I wouldn't really care.
你就是拣点这个 拣点那个 You just pick a few of these and a couple of those and
只要它们保持连贯 as long as its consistent,
我们就能产生新的东西 we'll come up with something new.
我们将这种层积板的理念 We took this idea of laminated cardboard to the
带到了休斯顿的莱丝美术馆 Rice Gallery in Houston. The curator here,
那里的馆长相信装配在艺术 Kim Davenport really believes in installation cuts
和设计 建筑和室内装潢中 through the boundaries of arts and design,
都可以应用 它是关于自身的 architecture and interior design, it is its own thing.
她将所有这些看成是平等的 She sees all of these as equal,
是在平等的基础上的 on an equal playing field.
这个项目是和艺术博物馆合作的 The project was done in collaboration with the
在休斯顿 它们合作举办了一场 museum of fine art and in Houston they were
关于绘画和美国西部的展览 doing a show on painting and the
因此 我想把我们对于纸板的喜爱 American west, so we wanted to tie our interest
和美国风景画联系起来 in cardboard into this idea of American
我们想象了一个可以居住的 landscape painting. We imagined an inhabitable
新的风景 我们可以尽情探索 rolling landscape which could be explored and
它看起来有点像水 climbed upon. The thing looked a little like water
但看起来也有点像陆地 我们不想让大家 but it also looked like land. We didn't want to
知道 怎样在这里居住 知道你自己 give you a sense of how you could inhabit this
探索了这片地方 因此这需要你 thing until you explored it so required you
将整个过程走完 来真正理解它 moving through it to really understand it. Again,
我们正在研究纸板的转动 we're working with the twisting idea of the
这是第一个研究模型 cardboard. This is the first study model of it.
我们的想法是 我们有大量的 So the idea was that you had these long stacks
长纸板 后面是平整且横着的 off cardboard, that were flat and horizontal in
前面通过转动和折叠变成了 the back that twist and break apart into these
沟壑状 这是美术馆的玻璃正面 canyons in the front. This is a glass facade of
你可以向里面望 the gallery so you could see into this and then
你可以爬到这上面 you climb up on top of these things.
看起来就像国王一样 孩子们很喜欢 It's kind of like king of the hill, kids are really
这样玩 同时 我们还想 into using it that way. Also we wanted to
在美术馆中创造一番风景 create this landscape within the gallery that
它是非正式的 能够增进人们对于 was informal and would push at the peoples
美术馆的理解 understanding of what was supposed to happen
我们想将校园随意的社会环境 within a gallery. We wanted to expand the casual
扩展到美术馆中来 social environment of the campus into the gallery.
我不想展开谈这个问题 I'm not going to talk about this. Or this.
这需要很多研究 我们在洛杉矶的 This required a lot of study. These are two mock ups
工作室中做了两次模拟 这一个是 that we did in our studio in LA. This one to
研究我们在平面上能取得多少波动 discover the amount of ripple we could display
而这边的这个是用来发现 in these surfaces and the this one to discover
我们能造出多少弯折 the amount of twist we could create.
我们为自己设定的一个设计标准 One of the design criteria that we set for
就是这个设计必须可以居住 ourselves was that this thing had to be inhabitable,
人们必须可以在整个作品上 and you had to be able to walk on it anywhere
自由行走 through out the entire installation.
当你将纸板弯折到这种程度 When you start twisting cardboard to this degree
它就变得脆弱很多 因为你没有 it starts to get a lot weaker because you don't
足够的重叠 因此我们需要进行研究 have as much overlap. So we really needed to
这就是这个模型要演示的 study that, and that is what this mock up was for.
这是模型 与我给大家展示过的 So the models for this, like the ones I showed
蒂芙尼的模型相似 我更多地认为 you for Tiffany, I think of them more like a
它们是一种机制 一种雕刻的机械过程 mechanism. Like a mechanical process of sculpting
而不是像用钢筋混凝土建造一样 rather than an additive of subtractive process like
有一些复杂的承包过程 在这个案例中 if you were working with clay. We set up a set of
我们在齿条的基础上 制定了一系列规则 rules that were based on splines in this case and
而这些齿条决定了纸板的位置 the splines determine the locations of the cardboard.
将这些齿条叠加起来 就像 Manipulating these splines is like pulling
转动一架机器的方向 我们利用的软件 the gears of a machine. There's no coincidence that
与制作机械数字样本的软件是同一款 the software we are using to do that is the same
软件 这并不是巧合 software that is used to create digital prototypes of
我们还在研究 machinery. We're also looking at how if you
如果你将这些皮筋叠加 它们会彼此 manipulate one of these ribbons it pushes and
牵制 因此在五根皮筋间 it pulls on its neighbour so you have this rippling
产生这种波浪效果 effect through the whole array of 5 of them.
这里有三根 但实际有五根 Here's three but there's five of them.
这个项目是由一根转轴支撑起来的 The project is raised above the ground on an armature.
这是转轴的安装过程 This is the assembly process of that armature.
这个项目是用BIM模型做的 The project was really made with a BIM model,
信息建构模型 每一部分都有模型 Building Information Model, so every single part
每一部分都有与之联系的信息 is modelled and every single part has information
这些信息之后可以用作制造 attached to it that can then be used for fabrication.
如果我们在最后时刻改变模型 If we make last minute changes to the model,
更改后的信息会及时传输到 than that data is easily output to fabrication files
制造文件中 从一片空白到 and documents. Here we went from a white box,
装配完成 我们只用了三周时间 to a full formed installation in three weeks.
在背后有这种神秘的小点 There is this sort of secret spot in the back that
我的伙伴叫它坚硬的峡谷 我不知道 my partner called crusty canyon, I'm not sure why.
为什么 这些是隆起 有许多部分 These are the elevations. Its a big kit of parts,
是我们的计算机控制系统 这是我们 this is what our CNC router got. This is the only data
需要的唯一的数据 这是计划 that we need on site, this is the plan,
所有支撑这个物体的小柱子的位置 the locations of all of the little columns that support
只要你将它们放在正确的地方 this thing. As long as you get these in the right spot,
所有的零部件就能完美地结合 then the kit of parts goes together perfectly.
然后又是纸板 大概有八吨 There's the cardboard again. There's something like
我们花了很多天时间 eight tons of it. We had people
把它们合在一起 工具箱 pulling it apart for days, the Barbie kits.
它产生了一吨废物 但都重复利用了 It produced about a ton of waste, that was all recycled
我没说谎 毕竟是赖斯大学 I'm not lying. It's Rice university after all,
一切都安排的很完美 they do everything right.
这就使人们形成了印象 This gives the impression that this thing was really
整个都是由木头支撑的 我叫它 supported entirely by wood. I would call this
用薄片的技术 strategy of using laminates, semi mono cocks.
它们由胶合板系统做支撑 They are supplemented by this system of plywood
但它们实际上会跨越很远 but they actually span great distances.
这些部分多少是用来 These pieces are more or less used to orient the
在垂直方向上定位纸板的 你将它插入 cardboard vertically when you insert it onto this
转轴里 我想这有点像浇注 armature. I think of it a little bit like
混凝土 将这些纸板浇注成各种形状 pouring concrete, like your pouring cardboard
你有一根拱肋 还有一根拱肋 into these forms. You have a rib, and another rib
一旦它凝结了 你就将纸板放在那里 and you pour the cardboard in there once it
你用三个点将它固定住 settles and you hold it in place by three points
你可以预测你得到的形状 you have a form which you can predict and
也可以在电脑上进行模拟 which you can model in the computer.
我们在这个项目上做了很多东西 Again we did a lot of the work on this project.
我觉得在我们的设计文化中 有种 I think there is a contempt for labour that I
对劳动的轻蔑 我们要努力避免 witnessed in design culture, that we really try to
这种趋势 我想在我们 avoid that tendency. I think that with the
今天的经济状况下 economic scenarios in which we're working
如果我们愿意劳动 it would be impossible to build anything
我们就什么也建不起来 if we didn't like to do manual labour.
我们看这一个 它并不是完全由我们建设的 This one you can see, this isn't exactly what we built,
这是我们用来设计这个项目的模型 this was the model we used to create the project.
我们发现在建模过程中的某个点 We found that we reached a point in the modelling
我们遇到了一些无法解决的问题 where we ran out of resolution.
我想我们对建模软件有 I think we had the tolerance set too high in the
太高的宽容度 因此 我们在这一 modelling software, so we weren't able to get
领域不能取得很多细节信息 a lot of detail in some of these areas.
我们决定 将它交给在场的一些人 So we decided we would leave that up to some
我们其实可以在需要的时候 of us on site and we would actually apple these
对这些波浪起伏进行利用 sort of ripples and flourishes where we needed them.
我们并不是强调 We're not really married to this idea that
每个部分都要是电脑上的模型 everything has to be an exact replica or result
的复制品或者结果 of what you see in the computer.
我们对手工和电脑模型之间 We are interested in this dialogue that happens
的对话十分感兴趣 我还要提到的是 between the hand and computation. Another thing
它看起来有种白色的感觉 I should mention is that this has this kind of
这是因为纸板一面 white look. Which was because the cardboard had
是白色的 另一面是棕色的 one white side and was brown on the other.
你可以在上面走 它们就像 You'd walk up these things and get these sort of
人行道一样 有种绒面革和皮制 pathways that would have some sort of suede or
的感觉 因此这确实是一个冒险 leathery effect. So it is really a space of adventure
和探索的空间 孩子们很喜欢 and exploration, kids were into it. I think of it
我认为它将休斯顿的喧嚣转变成了 as turning the swamps of Houston into a western
美国西部的风景图 对于上下部分 American inspired landscape. There is a different
的关系有种不同的理解 understanding of the top versus the bottom.
底部是安静的 下面有照明系统 The bottom was quiet, we had this lighting system
我们修建了座位 基本上是作为 under it and we built seating, mostly as kind of a
对建筑的认可 你有时做出一些建筑 nod to architecture. Your making something that is
但是却没有实际用处 architectural but its functionless in a way,
因此我们建造这些有实际用处的东西 so we built these functional things into it.
这是开口处的饮水管 这是椅子 This is a drink rail for the opening, this is a bench.
这是穆哈的皮具和骨器 This is the Mocha skin and bones installation.
在穆哈的展览是为了比较建筑和 The show at Mocha was to compare tendencies in
时尚的潮流之间的不同 因此他们举办了 architecture to that of fashion. SO they had a big
一个大型晚会来筹资 我们花了 gala opening to raise money and we had about
大概一个月时间构思和组合 a month to conceive and put this project together.
我们想要解决这个关于活动策划 We wanted to confront this conceptual problem
的概念问题 也就是我们能否做出 about an event design which was can we create a
一个场地 能容纳来自不同群体 place for the evening that serves a diverse group
的人们 同时还能使人们产生共鸣 of people and that still resonates in people memories.
我们怎样做出一个设计来启发 How do we make something that illuminates the
建筑和时尚领域的交叉 intersection of the disciplines of
除此之外 我们怎样微妙地 architecture and fashion. Also how do we subtly
转换概念 不冒犯参加晚会的人 因为 subvert the notion of a fund raising galla where
在善款募捐晚会上 到场的人都穿着 people are going to be wearing extraordinarily
华贵 而这些衣服可能需要印度尼西亚 expensive gowns that probably required child labour
童工的艰辛劳动 in Indonesia without biting the hand that feeds us.
因此 我们决定 So what we decided to do was work with two
用2000磅破旧T恤衫 thousand pounds of rag stock t-shirts.
我们将这些T恤分开 将它们在一个 We separated those t-shirts and distributed them across
网络中分散开来 网是汽车形状的 a net that was a form found net in the manner of auto.
我们和结构工程师合作 他今天也在这里 We worked with our structural engineer who's actually
我们将它们放在结构中 up here. We weaved these through the structure and
用颜色将这些物体的表面进行了重组 organized the surface of this thing by colour.
我做了一个通道 嘉宾们去吃饭时 I formed a gateway, that the guests would pass
可以路过这里 这是我们提供给 through on route to dinner. This is a drawing that
制作师的设计图 这位制作师实际上 we provided the net fabricator, who actually makes
是做渔网的 这个项目中有很多可以 fishing nets. This project involves a lot of concepts
用在时尚中的元素 图案结构 that you would use in fashion: patterning,
缝纫 垂落 镶嵌 编织 seams, draping, panel making, weaving.
我们要尝试一种以前从未尝试过 We had to really speak a language of net design
的网络设计的方式 that we had never spoken before
而我们的合作者从来没有做过建筑 with a guy that had never worked with architects before
这就是我们的原材料 This is the raw material these things come in
50磅一捆 我们会像颜料一样 50 pound bundles. We would then separate them out
将它们分开 然后我们将它们 almost like pigments and then we laid then out
放在地上 这是草垫 然后是我们的网 on the floor, that's out pallet. Then this is our net.
然后像点彩派画家的画或这一块小地毯 Then like a pointillist painting or a little like a
一样 我们将T恤编制到网中 latch hook rug, we wove the t-shirts through the net.
这是活动之后的情况 That's actually after the event.
我们将大捆的衣服放在地上 And we left big bundles of the clothes down
你沿着这个坡面走 on the ground. Your walking up this ramp
走过这列旧牛仔裤 through this array of old Jordash jeans and
沾满了芥末酱 污秽物的T恤 mustard stained, vomit stained sorority t-shirts,
可口可乐T恤 但你却穿着高级时装 coca-cola t-shirts but your wearing a Watinabi gown.
这是一个PS1 这是由现代艺术博物馆 This is a PS1. This project is a competition held
每年在纽约举办的活动 every year in New York city by the museum of
这是一个规格较高的项目 modern art that's a kind of high profile project.
通常 这个项目旨在给年轻建筑师 Typically they've used it to provide young architects
发言的机会 他们每年都会为一系列 a voice. They create a party backdrop for a series
音乐活动做一个晚会背景 of musical events that happens there every year.
因此 他们需要我们做一个城市景观图 So they needed us to create an urban landscape
有色彩 山水 座位 酒吧 that had shade, water, seating, bars, there was
周末的时候有大人孩子游玩 俱乐部 families there on the weekends, club kids
的成员也回来 那是一个活动空间 would be there. It's an event space,
因此你面对的是喧嚣的人群 酗酒 so your dealing with rowdy people, drunk people,
和吸毒的人 项目开始之时 people on drugs. The things that we're asking
我们问自己的问题是 ourselves when we began this are:
我们怎样在一个高规格的场地 how do we make a temporary environment in a
做出一个临时环境 higher profile venue. There has been a history
我们进行了实验 并且经历了失败 of experimentation and in some cases failure,
过去的一些建筑也存在问题 there has been some problems with other
因此 我们清楚地知道 structures there in the past so we knew that
我们要做出一些很坚实东西 we needed to make something very robust that
我们不用再返回来修理 因为我们 we wouldn't have to repair, because we're also
也在加利福尼亚 我们有三个月时间 in California. When your making a project that
完成项目 有三个月时间 is going to last 3 months and you have three
进行开发 因此 出现问题的几率 months to develop it, the chance of having
非常大 因此 我们怎样在 problems is very very high. So how do we address
时间和资金都有限的情况下 the extremely limited time frame,
应对这些问题 and an extremely limited budget.
我们不想筹集资金 We did not want to raise money, some people in
过去有过一些捐助 但是我们不想 the past have gotten donations but we did not
把时间花在筹集资金和游说上 want to spend time being fundraisers and being
因此我们决定将预算压缩为 politicians, so we decided we were going to pull
70 000美元 我们该怎样 this off for 70,000 dollars. Then how do we
设计出一个白天看起来像 create something that feels like a night club
酒吧的地方呢 我们能否将 during the day, can we bridge the culture of
大众娱乐文化和街头文化和高雅艺术 public pleasure, the culture of the street with that
结合起来呢 这就像是将狂欢节 of the high brow art museum. It's like fusing the
同阳春白雪融合起来 我们能否将 carnival like with high culture. Can we bring the
街头文化带到博物馆中 我们决定 street to the museum. Our solution was to expand
将马克西米连项目扩展 on the work that we did with Maximilian Schell
用一种表现好 加固的聚酯薄膜 and create a very high performance, reinforced Mylar
材料来建设这些结构 material and then build these structures which would
使得白天太阳照射的时候 create this kaleidoscopic effect on the ground
能在地面生制造出万花筒的效果 through out the day when sun passed through it.
这张图并没有展现这一点 This image doesn't actually show it.
然后是这些网状结构 同样是 Then have these net structures, which were again
用运动衫做成的 能同时容纳 made of sports netting that could accommodate
三十到四十人 thirty to forty people simultaneously.
我们在研究节日的空间 We're really working on a space of the festival.
这是一种梦想成真的感觉 This is kind of the dream of archigram come true
拔地而起的城市 我们想在空间中 really, the pop up city. We wanted to drape the
有一个半透明的彩色滤光板 space with a big translucent lighting gel,
来制造一种环形的狂欢气氛 to create a sort or circus carnival atmosphere.
我不想就这点讲太多 I'm not going to talk too much about this,
但这就是我们用到的模型技术 but this is the model making technique that we use.
在这个例子中 我们遇到的是 In this case we're working in analogue and then
类似的情况 回到数字上来 它扩展了 going back to digital. So it expands on the
马克西米连项目 但实际上将 Maximilian Schell project but really takes the
这个项目的表现大大向前推进 structural performance of it much much further.
同时项目规模和建设速度也提高了 Also the scale and the speed of development.
它的规模是马克西米连项目的五倍 We are working on a project that is 5 times the size
但仅花了马克西米连项目1/4的时间 of Maximilian Schell in 1 fourth the amount of time.
该项目还要承受75英里/时的风速 This project also has to stand up to 75 mph winds
而马克西米连是建设在建筑 where as Maximilian Schell was secluded in this
之中的 因此我们并不用考虑这个 pocket between buildings so we didn't have a lot of
问题 我们组织了一个大团队 those issues. We assembled a very large team and
来研究我们怎样将这些东西 then went about how we were going to put this
组合在一起 我们利用三角架 thing together. One of the things that allowed us
完成这项任务 to do it was the use of the tripod.
这是最简单的建筑形式 The simplest architectural form really,
三根支柱在一起 十分坚固 在这里 three posts together, very very strong. In this case
是由运到现场的黄松建成的 its made out of yellow pine that was
这些都是竖起来的高大的电线杆 delivered to the site. These are big utility poles
这就是我们的设计图 that are balanced up. So this is the design,
同样也有实际利用价值 我们建设 of the production again. We would erect
这些东西 调查这些点 将信息传给 these things, survey the points and send that
工程师 工程师会在三个月中 information back to an engineer who would form
找到一个最好的平面 find the surface all within 3 months.
然后将各个部分都做出模型 Then instantiate this with parts, the parts get
分别制作每一部分 这就是完成了的穹顶 laid out for fabrication, there's your finished canopy.
在这个例子里 颜色是由表面的张力 In this case the colour was organized by the stress
决定的 如果你研究这些无限元素分析 on the surface. If you look at one of these infinite
也就是工程师的结构分析软件 element analysis, which is engineers structural analysis
你得到这些彩色图表 software you get these coloured diagrams which show
它们展示了平面上的压力分布 the distribution of stress along the surface.
在这个例子中 紫色区域是压力最大 In this case the purple areas being the areas of
的区域 而橙色区域是压力最小的 highest stress and the orange areas being the lowest.
因此 这就决定了我们观察颜色 So that governed the way that we thought about the
的方式 在之前看到的图片中 colour. In the images that you saw before I think
实际上有一点褪色了 the thing had actually faded a little bit.
在这里很难看出来 但是你可以 It's hard to see on this day but you can see that
在那里看到不同的颜色 这是个 its a different colour there, this is a different colour
不同的颜色 在这里 材料有不同的 then that. In this case the materials had different
结构表现 我们要运用我们 structural performances. We had to really work with
手中的材料 伯克利的工程师 what they would give us cheap. The engineer in
做了很多分析来研究这些板子 Berkeley did a lot of analysis on how these panels
怎样相连 这大概是整个项目 interfaced. This was probably the biggest consideration
考虑的最多的地方 这些平面上的 of the entire project. All of the stress of those surfaces
所有压力 都承载到这一点 comes down to this.
他们有整套的拉力检测设备 They had this elaborate pull testing apparatus.
在这个项目中 制造商给了我们一批 In this case the manufacturer made us one run of
定制材料 因此 其中一个颜色 custom material. So one of those colours was
是专门为这个项目设计的 actually specifically designed for the project.
这些是三角架 是从一个打印出的 Here are the tripods, these were made from a
样板中做出来的 它们被用链锯 template that was printed out, and they were mitred
斜接起来 我喜欢在一个项目中 using a chain saw. I love this idea of high tech and
将高科技和手工结合起来 hand work done on the same project.
这是一种狂欢的感觉 This is the kind of carnival like feel.
我们与一个图形设计师合作 We worked with a graphic designer to create posters
为所有的柱子做海报 这个项目 for all of the poles. The project survived two
抵抗住了两场龙卷风 这是非常重要的 tornadoes that summer, which I think is significant.
这些网是和艺术家谢丽雅 These nets were done in collaboration with artist
她一直研究绳索材料 Shelia Pepei who works in cordage materials,
她做了很多编织 她制作了 she does a lot of crochet. She is really creating
很多这样的结构 但是她只在 a similar type of structure as this but she is doing it
材料会弯折的地方进行编织 where the material is feeding back in the process.
她将这张大网挂起来 She hangs this big piece of netting and starts to
将它不断拉紧 在这里补一下 tighten it and tighten it, and stitch it here and
在那里补一下 我还有另一张图 stitch it there. I think I have another picture of it.
这张图是三维的 SO you have this drawing in 3 dimensional space
一方面这是一幅设计图 而另一方面 that is on the one hand is a drawing but on the
它也有一个目的 将这张网拉紧 other it has a purpose. It's tightening this net up.
她每周都会返回来研究这些东西 She would come back and work on these things
因为随着时间的推移 weekly because this thing would tend to
这些东西会变松 loosen up during the parties.
水元素是这些沾湿的水桶 The water element was these dump buckets that
我们和洛杉矶一个基金会的主席 we worked on in collaboration with Jenna Didier,
詹纳一起合作 这些都是靠重力的 a fountain head in LA. These were gravity fed
因此通常在白天 它们会充满 so typically during the day they would fill up and
如果有人站在下面 when someone was standing underneath them
他们会不经意间被水花溅到 they would unexpectedly splash them with water.
这有点像狂欢节穿插表演 It's a little bit like a carnival sideshow attraction,
制造了这种参与感 create this sense of anticipation. Where kind of
与水桶之下的那些人一起 engineering this social relationship with the person
塑造这种社会关系 that is underneath the bucket.
这成为了一个大舞台 This became a big stage really.
这些是每周海报 These are the weekly posters.
我们在另一个位于纽约的 We are taking this idea further in a project in
项目中进一步发展了这一理念 利用了 Sogratees New York where we are using sheet metal,
薄板结构 以在PS1和马克西米连项目 assembling it in a similar manner that we did at
中同样的方式将它们组合到一起 PS1 and Maximillian Schell. Can we make a
我们能否从薄金属板中做出丝绸 textile type membrane out of facets of sheet metal.
一样的薄膜 我们在扩展这一项目 We're expanding on this historical form of the
但是用的是现代的新技术 Fryotto era ten but using these contemporary
有一个圆锥形帐篷 周围 techniques. You have a teepee surrounded by
围着石筐 形成了膜的固定物 gabian baskets which form the anchors for the
然后里面有一个火坑 membrane then there is a fire pit inside.
这是他们举行小聚会的地方 This is really this guys little party space.
另一个项目是去年春天的 Another project, Coachella music festival last spring.
我们又扩展了聚酯薄膜项目 Expanding on our work with Mylar again,
在这个粒子里 我们从PS1开始 in this case we took this idea that we started at PS1
它叫做垂落面积 which was called the droop scape.
实际上就是一张裁剪的网 Which is essentially a scissoring net.
当你用不同的方式悬挂 它们会 We were interested in the deformations that occur
产生变化 我们对此很感兴趣 when you hang nets in different configurations.
在这里我们没有考虑张力 张力是 In this case we are not working with tension which
用来防风的 我们实际上在制造一个 resists the wind. We are actually creating a structure
利用风的建筑 因此整个作品将会 which engages the wind, so this whole thing would
子风中翻转过来 在这里 风是用来 flap around in the wind. The wind was used for
达到美学效果以及制造氛围的 aesthetic effect in this case and to create atmosphere.
作品中的另一个理念是 装配系统 The other idea of this is that the essential assembly
是网 但是当我们制造长绒的时候 system is the net but then we create what s called
这种物质是由一套不同的规则控制的 shag and this shag is governed by a different
因此这个变成了这种装饰性的卷须状物 set of rules. So this becomes this sort of decorative
挂在平面下方 当风吹过的时候 tendrils that hang below the surface and create
可以制造出这种催眠的效果 this sort of hypnotic effect when the wind is
不仅它们会像溪水一样晃动 moving through it. Not only would these move
连整个平面都会上下波动 quite a bit, like streamers but the whole surface
这个项目也花了大约一个月 would undulate. Again this was like a month of
这些是部分 它们折叠起来 development. These are the parts. These actually
像我们的支撑一样 fold up like the support our troops ribbon,
或者红丝带 因此 我们通过书写过程 or the AIDS ribbon. So there were something like
得到了800多个不同的东西 800 different ones that we developed through a
夜晚 当我们点亮它的时候 scripting process. At night it had this vogue
它有种歌剧的梦幻感 operatic drama to it when we lit it.
因此 它们都要走向哪里呢? So where does all this go.
这种项目能带来很多的浪费 There is a lot of waste that you can produce with
这些都是暂时的项目 these types of projects. These temporary projects.
我们去年开始思考这一问题 We started thinking about that last year and we
如果我们不是将这些材料 thought well what if we, rather then are purposing
直接扔进可回收垃圾箱 the material or throwing it in the recycle bin.
而是设计一些装置 What if we designed the componentry of an
在暂时项目结束后 installation to actually become products that had a
它们还有用处 usefulness after the life of the installation was over.
这个图表展示的就是这个过程 This is a diagram showing this process where
我们用的这些图样 之后会变成T恤 we are actually using patterns that will later become
现在我们已经在提出建议 t-shirts. Now Frytacks already done this in the
但是他们并没有设计这个广告牌 sense of re purposing, but they don't really design
他们并没有制作这个他们之前 the billboards and they are not making the billboards
想要制作的广告牌 that they use to create there bags.
我不知道大家对此是否熟悉 I don't know if you guys are familiar with that,
他们在挪威收集彩色的广告牌 they take printed billboards in Norway,
我想是挪威 也可能是在德国 I think its Norway. It might be in Germany,
在广告牌用过之后 and after the billboards are done being billboards
他们从媒体公司买材料 they buy the material from the media company and
将它们切割成袋子 我们想的是 they cut them up into bags. What were imagining
他们或者我们 is what is Frytack was involved in the,
是否参与了广告牌在成为 or in this case us, were involved with the
广告牌之前的一系列加工 manufacture and the printing of the billboards
和上色活动 prior to them going and becoming billboards.
那么如果你将袋子的图案做成 What if you built the pattern of the bag into the
广告牌 或者用袋子的组合做成 billboard or you built the billboard out of an
广告牌呢 在这里 我们用T恤 assembly of bags. In this case we are using
做例子 这是我们之前的一个项目 t-shirts as an example. This is a project we have
是由芝加哥的GRAM基金支持的 been working on that is funded by the GRAM
我们将它叫做交叉制作的生活 foundation in Chicago. We call this lifestyle design
方式设计 想想 在两种不同的规模上 through cross manufacturing. Thinking about
同时进行设计 manufacturing on two different scales at once.
芝加哥美术馆 这个项目的时间 Extension gallery in Chicago, this project was
也很短 在这个项目中 pretty rapid again, in this gallery context
我们在问自己 我们怎样才能在不增加 we were asking ourselves, can we shape space
面积的情况下 塑造空间 怎样才能 without creating volume. How do we make
在不建设具体物体的情况下进行建筑 architectural moves without actually making
怎样不增加平面 solid objects. Without creating surfaces.
例如 我们能否用雾的概念来组织空间 For example can we use the notion of fog to organize
我们能否用气的概念来 a space or can we use the notion of gas
组织空间 这里我们节省了很多材料 to organize a space. We used an economy of
大约有10英里长的染色的麻绳 materials here. About 10 miles of custom dyed twine,
在每面墙上都有两幅大型喷墨画 and then two large format ink jet prints that were
最后的效果就像一幅3D图画 on each wall. The effect was really like a painting
就好像你有一个浮质 in three dimensions, as if you had taken an aerosol
并将它冻在了空间中 can and frozen it in space.
就像是漂浮着的一样 这是建立在 The gesture of an aerosol can. This is based on
麻绳的物质特征基础之上的 the material property of the string.
当你在这些绳上施加不同的压力 When you have different tensions in these strings
你就会得到不同的形状 这些形状 you get different formations and these formations
在数学上是可以预测的 are very predicable mathematically.
这些是Fryotto在60年代 These are images that Fryotto did in probably the 60's.
做的 我们要做的是取这个想法 What we wanted to do is take this idea and make it
并将它做成完全可变的 他选取了 completely variable. He is working with like 30
30根绳子 在我们例子里 我们想 strings here. In our case we want to work with
选取2500-2600根 每根位置和长度 2500-2600 of them. Each of these is precisely
都很精确 located and is of precise length.
颜色是完全受控制的 The colour is completely controlled.
因此 我们从洛杉矶的蓝天中得到灵感 So we are dithering the colour from a blue,
提取出一种蓝色 然后慢慢转变成 inspired by the skies of LA, to the smoggy part
灰色的天空 这种构想一开始来源于 of La's skies. The original idea of this came from
四季酒店 或者是由飞利浦约翰逊 the four seasons hotel. Or the four seasons
和梅斯经营的四季餐馆 restaurant in New York that Philip Johnson and
我记不清是哪位艺术家了 Meiss did. I can't remember who the artist is,
但是他们将窗户设计得很美 but they did these beautiful window treatments
在窗棂之间挂着链状物 that were catenaries chains hanging between the
因此 我们想要采用这一构想 window mullions. So what we thought we
这里是链状物 would do was to take this idea,
然后将它向三维方向扩展 here's the catenaries, and then expand that in
将每个链状物都设计成 3 dimensions and make every single one of
不同的长度 those catenaries a different length.
我们的第一个模型是对等的 Our first model was analogue.
我们需要采用不同的颜色 We needed to work with colour.
我们对这种模糊的庄严感很感兴趣 We were interested in the kind of smoggy sublime
就在这里 就是这里的科技 of LA, there's that. Technically the technology here,
组装的技术 这实际上是从拼装技术 the assembly technology, is really derived from
上来的 因此 它是一种数字辅助的 latch hook rugs. So its kind of a digitally aided
手工制品 在这里我们画了一个网状物 hand craft. In this case we print a mesh and then
然后将网状物中的绳子拉出来 span the strings off of the mesh,
这个网状物能给每根绳子一个 the mesh can provide a precise location for
确定的位置 每一个都是有索引的 each of the strings. Each of them is indexed.
这是第一个模型 This is the first model of it.
这是很难实现的 Very difficult thing to visualize.
这又是我们感兴趣的 Which is another thing that we are interested in.
这些是电脑中不能经常看见的 That is working with materials and assembly
材料和组装系统 systems that are difficult to see in the computer.
需要将它们实体化才能理解 They need to be actualized to be understood.
这是一个真的模型 所有链状物都通过 This is actually a real model that has all the
电脑系统固定在空间之中 catenary lengths computed and located in space.
由于屏幕的分辨率 我们无法看出 Due to the screen resolution, its difficult to
它能达到怎样的透明程度 get a sense of how transparent this thing is
在这个例子里 我们从Z形开始 going to be. We worked in Form Z in this case,
也就是从地上建起的楔形小块 which is a plug in that was built from the
我们和一名程序员合作 ground up for it. We work with a programmer
他在Z形中制造顾客设备 who builds custom applications in Form Z,
他将它变成了参量模型器 he essentially turned it into a parametric modeller.
我不知道这对电脑方面的专业人士 If this means anything to computer people,
有什么意义 将Z变成Ketea maybe, I don't know. Turning Form Z into
Ketea不能做这个 something like Ketea. Ketea couldn't do this,
除非你的顾客这样写了 unless your custom scripted it.
因此 你在创造这些控制 So your creating this set of controls,
这些突起制造出这一系列的点 again these spines and that creates this array of
我们可以研究我们通过连接线条 points and we can study the different types of space
能制造出的不同种类的空间 we can create by spanning the strings between them.
这种制造方式需要迅速展开 The production method again needed to be really
我们要从洛杉矶取来这个 rapidly deployed. We had to bring this from LA.
我们用的材料和人员都不太贵 We are using very inexpensive materials and
在这个项目中 我们让学生参与进来 using labour, in this case students,
他们是纽约大学和芝加哥大学的学生 at the universities of New York and Chicago
之前并没有受过建筑方面的专业训练 who wouldn't really have any fabrication training.
这个项目从某种角度讲 The project was designed in some respects
是根据我们现有的资源 according to the resources that we would have
来建设的 在劳动力方面 at our disposal, in terms of labour.
这是我们用来测量 This is the assembly line that we used to
线的长度的装配线 measure the lengths of string.
我们将它们切割下来 绕在转轴上 We then cut them off and spool them on these spools.
在上面附加一个邮寄标签 Attaching a mailing label that had been printed out
标签上写着这部分准确的长度和位置 giving the exact length and position of the part.
然后我们用地毯针将它们编织在网里 Then we wove them through the net using a
这样所有的纺锤就都固定住了 carpet needle. There's all the spindles precisely
然后我们将它们穿过来 located, then we span them across.
你可以从前面来理解它 You could understand the thing from the front,
你可以将它看成悬挂着的绳子 you could see it as hanging string.
然后 当你进入内部 就会产生 Then as you moved into it, it had really more
下雪的效果 你坐在车里 它们向你 of an effect like snow, coming at you like when
飞舞过来 我们想要在中间设计 you are in a car. We wanted it to create a kind of
一条建筑通道 architecture passage way through the middle of it.
它引领你在空间中行走 This directed your path through the space.
它与网相连 或者是线 There it is attached to the net, or to the mesh.
然后是右边 因此我们能看出 它们是 Then the right. So you can see that these
十分精确的 精确到四分之一或 things are accurate to within a quarter,
半英尺之内 or half of an inch probably.
这里的不准确因素是由打绳结造成的 The inaccuracy in this case comes from tying
就像在空间中作画一样 the knot, by hand. It's like a painting in space,
这就是我们最痴迷的一点 that s what we really liked about it.
我们将这一理念进一步向前推进 We took this idea further, to Issey Miyake for
应用到纽约的一家商店 我不知道这个 there store in New York. I don't know if this
项目能否成功 我们想在屋顶制造一种 project is going to happen. We wanted to create
溪水潺潺流过的效果 a kind of river flowing across the ceiling of the
他们想制造出一种神奇的效果 building. They wanted to create a sort of sense of
一种冒险又刺激的感觉 fantasy, sense of adventure in there stores and
但并没达到这种效果 这是更加无聊的商店 this wasn't really happening, this was one of
这是通过屋顶的部分 the more boring stores. Here's the sections through
我们能营造出一种流动的形态 the ceiling. You can see you can create a kind of
每隔五英尺就会进行一次 vocabulary of formal moves. This is sub sampled
模拟 然后这些衣服 every five feet of so. Then the clothes
就会在这片海洋中片漂浮 would float in this, ocean.
这是为威尼斯音乐界设计的项目 This is the project for the Venice Biennale
我们采用了链状物构想 并使它们 we wanted to take some of these catenary ideas
更加具有雕塑感 我们在商店项目 and make them more sculptural. We didn't get
没有实现这一构想 这是一个屋顶计划 to do it at Miyake. Here this is a ceiling plan.
我们采取巴洛克式屋顶的构想 We wanted to take the idea of the Baroque ceiling
并将之与文艺复兴时期的花格平顶 and combine that with a coffered ceiling in
相结合 将花格平顶赋有韵律的形态 renaissance architecture. The rhythmic modal in
和现代悬浮的瓦顶 the coffer and combine that with a contemporary
相结合 suspended tile ceiling.
所有这些点都代表了 All these are dots that represent
绳子的弹簧点 the spring points for the string.
这一块部分穿过它 This is a section through part of it.
这个项目需要能够装进两个箱子 This project needed to pack into two boxes.
为此 我们专门发明了一种切割 For this we actually developed a machine that
绳子的方法 叫做Insta-Lator cuts the string. This is called the Insta-Lator.
它来源于从球面上不断切绳子 This takes the kind of mind numbing repetitive
的重复性动作 这种动作使人麻木 operation of cutting the string out of the equation.
我们在几周内做成了这个项目 We produced this in a few weeks, and we are
我们将会以安装的形式用到 going to use this again in an installation in the
自然艺术博物馆 这是一个行走的 museum of natural arts. It is really a stepper
发动机 有一个自动的轮子 还有 motor with a free wheel and a solenoid that
螺线管 将这个指点标放在线上 pulls this permanent marker onto the string.
这两边都有线轴 使之穿过它 There's a spool back here there that pulls the
你可以在这里穿过一个USB thing through it, and you can plug a usb cable
有些时候 你要自己制作工具 in there. Sometimes you have to make your own
数字设计领域 我们不应认为 tools right. In the digital design realm we don't
计算机数字控制 激光切割机 want to take that there is cnc routers and laser
以及水套切割机和管道扭弯器 cutters and water-jet cutters and tubing benders
都是应该有的 我们还需要 for granted. There is a lot of other things out there
很多其他的东西 有时 你需要 that you need, to fabricate. Sometimes you have
自己制造工具 这就是一个例子 to make your own tools and this is a case of that.
我想我们的软件也是同一个道理 I think the same philosophy holds true for our
有时 我们没有现成的软件 software. A lot of times there isn't software that
来设计各种各样的构架 you can use off the shelf to produce these types
因此我们需要从零开始 of configurations so we have to develop it
这是音乐会项目的一部分 from scratch. This is a section for the Biennale.
我们将Insta-Lator放在 We put the Insta-Lator in there,
这里和这里 就像教堂一样 in the space, like it was a kind of church.
机器的教堂 馆长想让它位于 The church of the machine. The curator
通道空间中 wanted it to be in a passage space,
我认为这是个好主意 他不想让人们 which I think is a great idea. He didn't want it
认为这是一种美学效果 to be understood as this aesthetic effect where
不想变成 你走进房间 惊叹一声 you go into a room and "oh wow that's great"
"真了不起" 然后转身走出去 and then you turn around and walk out.
在这里 它在一条通道中 因此 In this case it was in a passage so you
你走上这些楼梯 来到另一个展厅 walked up those stairs and into another exhibit.
因此 它指引着你的步伐 So it directed your movement through it.
你可以在边上走 也可以 You could go around the side
走到它的下面 or you had to duck under it.
最后 这个项目是我们之前很多项目 Finally, this project is the culmination of a lot of
的思想结晶 ideas that we have been playing around with.
我们确实将现在的这种 We really saw this algorithmic architecture thing
数学算法上的建筑当做 that is happening right now as something we
一种结晶 我认为很多这样的东西 wanted to culminate in a way. I think a lot of
在未来的十年中 都会变得很流行 this stuff is going to seem very dated in 10 years.
我们最终在约翰霍普金儿童医院 We fortunately got this great project with
完成了这个伟大的构想 Johns Hopkins children s hospital.
他们想在走廊上放一座雕塑 They wanted a big sculpture in their lobby space.
他们没有给我们提出任何计划和要求 They didn't provide us with any program or
唯一的要求就是要有冲击力 requirements, other then it has to be impactful.
因此 我们给自己制定的规则和我们 So the rules we created for ourselves and the
问自己的问题是 我们怎样才能 questions we stared asking ourselves were:
使孩子们不想自己的病 how do we take a child's mind off of illness.
对了 他们是有一项要求 能否根据 Oh they did say one thing, can you base it
儿童文学设计雕塑 你能否从 off of children s literature. Can you find
儿童文学中汲取灵感 an inspiration in children's literature.
我们想了一会 我们认为是可以的 We thought about it for a while and then
我想我们能做到 thought yes, I think we could.
我们最终设计出的造型是 What we ended up creating,
像一本童话书一样造型的云彩 I think about as a picture book cloud.
这里有由不同的部分组成的 You have these catenaries that are chains
链状物 每一部分都是不同的 made of multiple parts. Each of those
每一部分都是一个分离 parts is different, and each of those parts
出来的阐释 因此这就像用 is a cut out illustration. So it's like using the
假想的切割动画一样 visual language of cut out animation,
然后 我们在一个大环上继续进行 then you are continuing those on a big loop.
这些步骤 整个大环构成一个故事 That loop forms a kind of story.
这里的故事是 一只小鸟 In this case the story is a path through the
在一年四季的旅程 four seasons that a bird is travelling on.
一方面 我们加入了旁白 On the one hand you have this narrative then
另一方面我们创造了一种平衡感 on the other you have this sense of balance.
每个部分都在它本来应该在的位置 You sense that everything is in its proper place.
这是我们在圣莫尼卡做的一个项目 This is another project that we are doing in
由于我们没有足够的 Santa Monica, and because we don't have
时间 我不想详细说这个项目 much time I'm not going to talk about it.
这个故事是根据牛顿的摇篮来的 Again this is based on the Newton's cradle.
这是一种玩具 Where this executive toy, where you have
小球被连在线上 balls attached to little strings and when you
当你碰一个小球的时候 其他的五个 click one there is a reaction that goes through
小球会产生连锁反应 小球会跳起来 5 balls and the other one pops up.
我们想 如果做出一个这样的结构 We thought, what if you could make a
会怎样呢? 因此 它们每个都依赖于 structure like that. SO each of these is bearing
相邻的那一个 然后由一根锚链 on its neighbour and then supported by a
支撑 这就连接成了 single cable. That attaches up into the side
支撑结构的一面墙 of the parking structure wall. Umm,
这是错位的 有滑动的 that's out of place that slide.
因此 回到约翰霍普金项目 So back to the Johns Hopkins thing.
一只鸟背上背着三个同伴 This bird makes this with his three friends
它踏上旅程 sitting on his back. It travels on this
一路穿越四季 path through the four seasons.
这张图以图表的形式展现了 This kind diagrammatically explains what
这件作品所要表达的理念 the project is. You have this story expressed
通过图片展现了一个不连贯的故事 through pictures that kind of jump of the page
而这个故事又连成一个整体 and become this swarm. We worked with
我们和一位叫做潘新平的 an illustrator called Sing Ping Pan,
动画师合作 来将这个故事动画化 who is a cut out animator. To create the
这只守护鸟有三个朋友 illustrations for this. You have this guardian
还有季节的更迭 bird with three friends. There is the seasons.
所有这些都组合在一起组成了 Each of these gets put together to create
一根链条 因此 有一部分穿过这里 a chain, so there is a section through it.
这是传统的故事情节 旅程 It's the classical story structure. Journey,
我们希望这种情节能给 return home. Which we hope would be
在困难中接受生活的挑战的 more reassuring to a child who is in this
孩子们带来希望和安慰 case in a very difficult and challenging
同时我想 成年人也会为这个故事 moment in there lives. I think adults can
包含的丰富意义 它的力量 also appreciate it for its complexity,
以及它给人带来的冲击所感染 its technical prowess, its effects. Lights,
这些光给整个画面营造了一种 a kind of sense of awe at the number of parts.
崇高感 我们想设计出一些和 We wanted to create a number of parts that
自然景物一样崇高的东西 was as awesome as you may see in nature.
就像你欣赏树木和叶子 Like looking at a tree, leaves.
如果大家没什么问题了 If you've got any questions. I'd like to stop
我想就讲到这里 我有点超时了 it there because I've gone a little bit too long.