今天我们请到的这位嘉宾我觉得 Regrettably I think most people in the room, though
在座的大多数同学可能 not everybody are probably
都不大熟悉 unfamiliar with the next speaker.
昨天David Michael Reading from West Johnson's
在蒙特雷设计大会上 interpretation yesterday,
向所有与会成员隆重地 David Michael introduced
介绍了Paffard Paffard to the attendees
称其为建筑界的 of the Monterey Design Conference
灵魂工程师 as an architectural force camp
Paffard一生经历丰富 who's next for having been at
而且可谓是一直 the right place at the right time
在合适的时间 和对的人 做对的事情 with the right person,
正是这诸多种种成就了他传奇的人生 has resulted today as an autobiographical saga
关于他的故事总是带有几分神秘色彩 that compels with an ethic scope, mythic characters and
他的一生见证了现代建筑的发展历程 a complex, dynamic spending the decades
在现代建筑发展史上 他的身影随处可见在 when modern architecture was international emergent
1961年到1975年的14年间 and in many circles are more imperative.
Paffard曾设计建造许多著名的建筑虽然 During the 14 years period from 1961 to 1975,
这些建筑后来大多都经过一些改造 Paffard produced several buildings, most of which remain today
但是这些建筑物本身都保存完好 in various forms of alteration and modification,
1965年 Paffard亲手打造了 none of which remain unchanged.
他家位于塔玛佩斯山的府邸 随后不久 The first of these was built in 1965,
他又设计建造了圣费尔南多 was his own home in Mount Tamalpais,
山谷医学办公大楼 thereafter followed
这栋办公楼于1968年进行改造 the medical office building in the San Fernando valley, the
改造后成为今天的 1968 edition to the Art Institute,
艺术研究院 这栋建筑 and finally in what turn out
可谓是美轮美奂 to be the most ambitious and
集所有顶尖设计于一身 professional tumultuous project.
随后他应邀设计旧金山州立大学学生会大楼 He was selected to design the Student Union Building
大楼建成后不久 in San Francisco State University. Subsequent to this time,
Paffard在英国哥伦比亚郡 Paffard opened an office in
成立自己的工作室 British Colombia and practiced there
直至1989年他受邀前往摩洛哥大学授课之前 till 1978 when he was invited to teach at Morocco University
他一直都在哥伦比亚郡的工作室工作 in Rabat. He latter opened his current office in Spain
后来 Paffard定居于西班牙后 在西班牙 from which he continues to practice as both an architect
新成立一家工作室 在这里 除建筑设计外 and sculptor for projects in Spain, Germany, Switzerland
他还进行雕刻创作 接手了来自西班牙 德国 and New York. Hearing the story of these buildings, history,
瑞士和纽约的许多项目 for the first time, one finds
凡是见过这些工程的人 it impossible to ignore
都对其建筑师赞不绝口 the biographical accompaniment
想要一睹这工程背后 which leads to these works
建筑师的风采 他的作品 and a collection of experiences
经历住时间的淘洗 which made them all possible.
为他的传奇人生经历再添光辉 All of these are in fact true
正是他的作品与人生 as the buildings
成就了一代建筑界泰斗 and words were attested.
在他主要的 Discipline in the practice of
建筑作品中 what I call capital architecture
始终体现着一种原则性 这种原则性 could be imagined as a conceptual dam
是一种概念的而且经常被束缚的东西 which has long organized and restrained, often restrained.
这些被束缚的概念性原则 The myriad of other
被世人贴上许多标签 themes lay up behind it
我个人对这些所谓的主义非常不以为然 in what I would pejoratively call lake Jack, post-modernism,
比如后现代主义 解构主义 deconstructionism,
环保主义 人性主义 environmentalism, humanism,
与社会相关的各种主义 social-relativism, post-structuralism
后结构主义还有后来 and their lineal descendants
提出的游戏主义 项目主义 新实用主义等 lobbyism, programism, and new-pragmatism.
在Keatinge Clay和他的众多导师的作品中 Keatinge Clay's work and the work of his many masters
有一种呼之欲出而又不可言传的概念性原则 about which we'll soon hear more,
贯穿始终 接下来Clay将带领大家领略 constitutes the primary structure of this allegorical dam.
这些伟大建筑的风采 自从他隐退以来 Later his absence from the profession and from
整个建筑业发展的脚步也逐渐减慢 Northern California specifically was one of the many leaks,
特别是加州北部地区 建筑物的整体水平 creaks, and fissures which led to the slow, and
持续走低 当然 前不久加州大坝的渗水事件 for this region I would argue catastrophic collapse of the dam.
也难辞其咎 但是对美的追求需要建立在 The broader perfection one hopes and in the very limited sense
清晰完整的认知之上 近年来 加州逐渐开始 the region is only now beginning to regain the insight
找回自己的位置 认识到当地建筑界迫切地 to understand the importance of the recovery.
需要重振旗鼓 洪水退去之后 With the abatement of the deluge,
面对满目的断壁残垣 we can look back at the foundations that remain
我们看到的应该是希望 as ivy and hope to learn retroactively from its making
因为正是这些不够坚固的地基 what lead to its collapse and what lessons
让我们的家园被冲垮 面对满目疮痍 we might bring with us as we move forward.
我们应当思考下一步应该走向何方 One can fancy a complex, multi-talent work for the first time.
成为建筑师的第一天 我们曾想设计一栋 It's often difficult to know where or even how
华丽的建筑 然而却被第一步绊住 to begin to evaluate it, to comprehend it, to assimilate it
不知从何开始 如何估价 如何理解主题 and to interpret it like the blank page,
如何诠释主题 就像一张空有想象力的白纸 one is once inspired and intimidated by the gulf of possibility.
我们头脑中想法排山倒海般涌来 If one is able to look through
让我们不知所措 the barnacles and creations
如果有机会一睹Paffard近年来的作品 of the recent past, the works of Paffard Keatinge Clay
大家会发现这些作品是如此的具有表现力 still have the clarity of conviction and singularity of purpose
他们能够清晰地呈现某种理念 to impart the spirit of awe. Paffard's works today
并且散发着一种强大的震撼力 直至今天 remain among the precious few authentic examples
旧金山湾地区有许多 of high-modernism
Paffard的作品仍被视为建筑界的经典 in the Bay area.
它们具有现代建筑艺术气息 Yet to most architects and surely to all of the
尽管这些作品并不都是经由Paffard一人完成 small handful of viewers and occupants of these buildings,
近年来建筑界也才人辈出 然而Paffard的精神 He remains a whisper in the void and absent presence
始终为整个建筑界所传承发扬 whose long shadow
他的名字也永远 is cast among us.
被刻上了建筑界的丰碑 今天晚上 Tonight his words will again rejoin the work.
我们有幸邀请到Paffard Both have too long been
为我们演讲 absent from the mainstream
一睹大师的风采 of architectural discourse.
一饱其作品的魅力 现在 Please join me and welcome
请大家欢迎Paffard上台演讲 his voice and his work to CCA.
我脑中的想法就是挑战 Here is a thought. I have the idea of a challenge,
并且在这些挑战中找到自己的思想 and have your ideas resulting from the challenge.
换言之 大家可以想想要问的问题 In other words, think of the questions you can ask,
我们最后有一个提问环节因为 I hope we have a question period at the end.
我想给大家传递一个基本思想 Because I want to throw in basically an idea of
那就是以一个开阔的眼界看世界 looking at things at a very large scale.
但是 就餐桌经验而言 But as convinced by a diner meeting,
人们现在更关心的是我所经历过的 now people want to feel anecdotes and nice stories and so on
现代历史中的奇闻异事和精彩故事 about more recent history as history in which
这就是我为什么 I had the living experience, which is why in a way
会反复讲两件事 I would go back and forth between two things
经历过的历史 尤其是与 living history and particularly
二十世纪息息相关的 related to the three great creators
三位建筑师Frank Wright Le Corbusier really in 20th century's work. FrankWright, Le Corbusier
和 Miece Fandero and Miece Fandero,
我有幸与他们相熟 of whom I had the privilege of knowing quite intimately.
因此 关于他们的奇闻异事数不胜数 Consequently there are a thousand anecdotes,
那样的事都非常有趣 我现在必须得从中 something like that, which are interesting. I have to pull out
提取出最适合现在现场气氛的内容 what I think would be the best for the mood here,
但同时 我认为我们应该以 but together with that, I had this idea that we should be
一种完全不同的视角来看建筑 looking at architecture in an entirely different way.
我想先来谈谈历史环境 I would like to then begin with really historical condition
先来看看Le Corbusier 在那个年代的法国 and that is Le Corbusier. This is a time when the impossible
万事皆有可能 had happened in France.
那时希特勒可以站在街头 That is Hitler could stand in the street,
看着香榭丽舍大街说 look at the Champs Elysees and say,
“现在整个法国都被打败了” 那时 now all of France is defeated. All of France now
整个法国就是纳粹帝国的一部分 那时每个人 is a part of the Nazi empire. At that time, everybody,
学者以及在座的所有人 intellectuals and everybody in this room would either
不是被迫离开巴黎 be leaving Paris or they'll be going underground
就是转入地下从事抵抗活动 as a resistance force.
这些都是我们今天难以想象的事情 It's something very very difficult to imagine today.
Le Corbusier在法国光复后回国 Le Corbusier came back after the liberation,
在法国刚刚光复的时候 他就写了一封请愿书 here he is just after the liberation and he is writing
号召全法国 全欧洲 an appeal to the people of France, all of Europe,
或许是全世界 我们应该重建世界 maybe all of the world that they should reconstruct the world
并且有重建世界的构想 and reconstruct the world having thought about it.
他有自己关于建设城市的构想 And he would have his ideas about what a city should be,
和对人的价值观的认识 都是很大的事 what the values of men. Very very big things,
你们或许对这些都很熟悉 就在这时 with which you are probably familiar. It's at that time
他给全法国人写了一封请愿书 that he wrote an appeal to the people of France
我有幸将它 I had the privilege of translating that
从法文翻译成英文并编纂成册 from French into English to put into the book of Complete,
我当时翻译的相当糟糕 I did a very bad translation job,
现在我能做的好很多 now I can do one very much better.
但那的确与当时的氛围十分契合 But as very very close to that particular mood
这就是Le Corbusier的 in that particular time.
工作室 Here is the work studio of Le Corbusier.
筑他是一位艺术家 He is an artist; it's not like
这完全不像一位建师的工作室 an architect's studio at all.
这是一间画家的工作室 他的所有作品 It is a painter's studio. And from there came
都是在这里产生的 all of the architectural things like Raushane,
比方说Raushane和画家中心 or Carpenter Center would all have begun here.
他延续了一位怀着沮丧的心情 A continuation of a painter originally with the pure
与大家一起工作的画家的状态 dismal working with other people,
他一开始就是一个人孤军奋战 and beginning as an individual working alone with himself.
后来他创建了自己的工作室 And then bringing it into the office he said,
每天下午两点 about 2 o'clock in the afternoon,
在那里思考一切的意义 to have an idea what it means.
就是在这个工作室里 It is in this house,
我们刚看见他在房顶上 we have just seen him up on the roof.
那是个很小的空间 换言之 And it's a small world in other words,
他能从非常有限的小事物中 he's able to create great things
创造出伟大的杰作 out of a small limited condition
这时他的办公室 我们都在这里工作 The office, here is his office where we all worked.
在右手边有一排 这里有面墙 There is a row in the right-hand side. There is a wall,
那时修道院的一个走廊 非常狭窄 it's a corridor in a monastery, very narrow. His own
他自己的办公室长宽高都是两米二六 private office is 2 meters 26 by 2 meters 26 by 2 meters 26,
就像一个立方体 我没问过他 simple like a cube. I didn't ask him to
我没有这件办公室的照片 I didn't have photographs of that.
但你们可以想象 你可以挤在 But you can just imagine, you can just squeeze
他的办公室里然后进入画室 by his office to come into the drafting room.
因此这里是工程师 在左边 So here are the engineers, on the left, I think
尽管他们很勤快 但我们看不太清 condoles as they are, we can't quite see them
但他们似乎排成一排 but sort of they are in a long row,
在一条方形的大桌子上 by a rectangle narrow table
进行城市规划 doing all the city planning right there.
在右边就是画板 其中有一个是我的 On the right are the drafting boards, one of them is mine,
在更个房间里大概有十几个画板 and there're about 10 or over in that room,
都紧密地放在一起 在最后面Le Corbusier all very tightly together At the end Le Corbusier
在创作一幅画 他常常开玩笑 is making a painting. He always made a piece of a joke,
例如 来自纽约的人们总是乘坐黑色豪华轿车 people come from for example New York
闪闪发光 高速行驶 with a black limousine, shining, so efficient and so on,
在寻找一位伟大的建筑师 诸如此类 looking for the great architect, and he's on a ladder,
他站在梯子上 在自己的工作室创作 painting in his studio Just have an idea,
我们想想 在如此狭小的空间中创作 the intimacy the small scale and modesty
所能产生的亲近感可想而知 these great things could come.
那时有三个项目 我都有所接触 There were three projects at that time,
首先是城市规划 which I touched a little bit. At the first was the city plan,
那是战后第一批进行城市规划的城市之一 one of the first cities of the post-war period,
也就是Sendier Sendier整个被轰炸摧毁了 which was Sendier, Sendier was totally blasted apiece,
市中心变成了一片废墟 there were almost nothing left in the center,
他将那里变得异常美丽 这里的大多数人 and he made a beautiful and most people here
都知道这件事 would probably know about it.
他们在短时间里一起工作 And they were working together with a cod lice
我参与了起草工作 只是起草工作 just a short term. I helped with the drafting,
之后我们的方案给了市政府 that's about all, just drafting, And then this was presented
但是被完全拒绝了Le Corbusier说 to the city, and totally rejected and so Le Corbusier
它被底层阶级 中产阶级 said it was rejected by the low class,
和上层阶级都拒绝了 middle class and upper class.
我们中没有人将这一切都彻底拒绝了 None of us totally reject the whole thing,
因此我们就继续做 而当我又一次 so we moved on and then onto the next time
来到这里的时候 他已经被法国政府 when I was there he was appointed as the consultant
任命为顾问 建设一个位于大西洋的港口 of the French government to a port on the Atlantic,
新建的大船要用这个港口 where the new boats had used as a center for the outlet
来完成向德国和大西洋的外运 他们有了 for the seas for the Germans. And they had this new boat center
这个新的航海基地 在美国加入战争之前 and that was, being before the American joined in,
该地区曾被英国轰炸过 it was blasted by the British which was
它对德国具有重要意义 因此 a very important area for the Germans, and therefore
这里发生过重大战事 将港口彻底摧毁了 was a big attack consequently totally destroyed it
因此 这又是一个彻底摧毁的例子 So here is another totally-destroyed situation,
它包括储藏区 辅助工业区 幸运的是 consisting of the dark area, the back-up industry area
除此之外还有一个极具中世纪风情的 and separate from that, with good luck,
中心区几乎原封未动 was the real old Medieval center, more or less untouched.
Le Cobusier说 我们要建造一个宜居城市 Le Cobusier said, we'll have a residential city,
在城市中的各项设施都一应俱全 one would have its basic components which are only,
它是自给自足的 it is the building of everything in it, self-sufficient,
有幼儿园 购物中心 kindergarten, shopping center,
专业办公场所 旅馆等等 professional offices, hotel etc.
或许在座的各位都明白这意味着什么 Probably everyone here is familiar with what that meant.
因此我们建造的是 So we were making here the first
里昂的第一座城市 project for the first building
的第一座建筑的第一个计划 for the first city for the new world of Loin.
这确实有重要的意义 That meant something.
接下来发生的事是这样的 What happened was as follows.
我们做了一个设计Le Cobusier We made a design, I say, I say, basically, Le Cobusier,
和我们一起设计这座宜居城市 we worked on the design for residential city,
在我们工作室的设计板上可以看见 and can quite see it on the drawing board
我们所做的工作 这项作品的基本设计理念 where we were working. That was developed basically on the
来源于在绿地上用不同形状的材料进行建设 idea of using in various configurations in the great green area.
有一天 我在那里 And one day when I was there,
市领导来到了我们的办公室 there came the city fathers from other filed,
他们来看我们正在干什么 and they came into the office to see what we were doing
一切进行地怎么样了等等 or how things were going and so on.
他们惊恐的看着我们的设计 And they looked with horror at what we were doing,
我们的设计令他们十分惊恐 absolute horror of what we proposed for Union
他们不敢相信我们会为他们宝贵的世界 this type of architecture, and they couldn't believe that
设计这种类型的建筑 it was going to be proposed for their precious world.
于是 在他们离开后Cobusier说 Consequently they went back and Cobusier said
“我对付不了这些人 他们不站在我这边 “I can't deal with these people. They are not my people.
我必须和那些能与之交流的人一起工作 I must always work with people with whom I can communicate.
我不会去做展示” 他本来打算去 I won't go for the presentation.” which he was expected
为我们做的设计做展示的 to go to present his whole
但是他现在不会去了 plan on which we were working.
于是Jassie Salton 说 “那么我去吧” He wouldn't go. Jassie Salton said “so I'll go”,
于是他自己去了Jassie Salton是波兰人 so he went alone. Jassie Salton was a Polish,
他根本不是法国人 实际上 在办公室 not French at all. In fact very few people maybe 2 people
法国人很少 好像只有两人 通常情况下 in the office are French. Generally
人们从国外来到这里作实习生 就像我一样 it was a place where people came, like me,
实习生就相当于学徒 一分钱工资也没有 a stagier from another country, stagier means apprentice,
我在那里工作很认真 not paid at all. I worked very hard and
在得到了导师的推荐后 我就可以拿工资了 after we learn conduits recommendation to do work,
但是工资很少 I should be paid, and I was paid
只有一点点 a little bit, just a little bit,
但也足够我在巴黎的拉丁区 but enough to survive in
(大学城)生活下去了 the Quartier de Latin in Paris.
当时的氛围 你们一定懂氛围是什么 The mood, you must understand what the mood was.
世界被摧毁了 我们在试图营造一个新的世界 The world is destroyed and we attempt to build a new world
这就是现实的情况 and really physical conditions.
所以第三件或第四件事 So the third one or the fourth
就是Cobusier的邀请 was that Cobusier's invitation,
她要代表法国政府参加 again was going to represent the French government
于纽约召开的联合国大会 to go to the United Nations' meetings in New York.
他们带上了Bodiansky 他是一位工程师 And then they took Bodiansky. Bodiansky is an engineer,
一位和他一起工作的俄罗斯飞行器设计师 a Russian aircraft designer who worked with him,
一位非常棒的设计师 a very very well. And they went both of them,
他们两人一同去了纽约 代表法国政府 to New York, and worked representing French government,
一同工作 他们提出了一个提案 来自各国的 made a proposal, they were one of maybe 15
建筑师们做出了大概十五份不同的提案 different proposals made by the architects in different countries.
其中就有来自巴西的建筑师Ascanimile One of them is Ascanimile from Brazil,
当然也是他的一位好友 a great friend of his of course,
他们以前一起共事过 from past work But together, in a way,
他们两个一致认为 没有设在日内瓦的 they thought this is something which we can do
联合国他们能够独立完成自己的提案 without the United Nations building in Geneva.
第一次世界大战结束后 我们不能失去机会了 After the first World War, we can't lose,
这已经是第二次世界大战了 this is the second World War.
在这场角逐中他们的提案技压群雄 They made a very good proposal in this competition
Cobusier提案最终被确定为第一候选方案 and Cobusier's proposal was accepted absolutely as the No.1,
他最然还不是很清晰 但是已经有了模型 and he was blind, but there were models.
对此他感到非常高兴 他回来后左顾右盼 He was very happy about it, he came back here
后来Bodiansky说 and looked back and forth, and Bodiansky said
“不 我们一定要保住这座建筑 “no, we are going to secure this building,
因此 在建造的全过程我们都会受到控制” so we'll be under control through completion”.
他们回到纽约 They went back again to New York,
这块位于纽约哈德逊河边的土地 it was that Rockefeller had donated the land
是洛克菲勒捐赠给联合国的 to the United Nations in New York
联合国接受了这块土地 alongside the Hudson River, and that had been accepted.
因此 就我看来 对许像Cobusier一样的 So for Cobusier and many people like him, who were,
才华横溢的人来说 I can see, really intelligent people,
这是联合国史上最大的败笔 this is the failure No.1
他们将这件事放在了资本主义情景下来看了 of the United Nations, they put it in capitalist situation.
事实也确实如此 因为Cobusier再回来的时候 And it was. Because Cobusier came back in and the next time
就告诉我们一切都结束了 he told us it was all over. Whalley Harrison,
洛克菲勒的御用建筑师 who was the architect for Rockefeller,
在二战前建造纽约最大的商业项目 building the Rockefeller center just before the war,
洛克菲勒中心的Whalley Harrison and it is the largest business project in New York,
最终被委以重任 因为这块地 had been given the job because R
是洛克菲勒捐赠的 ockefeller had donated the land.
而Whalley Harrison是洛克菲勒的御用建筑师 Therefore, Harrison was the architect of Rockefeller,
而Cobusier 只能说对不起了 再见 Cobusier, I'm sorry, goodbye. So he came back to the office
于是他就回到了办公室 and whatever we did in the office
我们在办公室的时候从不讨论一般的哲学 we could never discuss the general philosophical things,
艺术问题 我们只想去工作 工作 再工作 art and etc. He wanted to work, work, work and he was dedicated,
他对工作十分热诚 但是那个星期天早晨 but Saturday morning he said “I'm coming to the office
他说 “我今天来就是 and we'll just have
想和大家好好聊聊天” a good time” we sat down,
我们在地板上坐下来开始聊天 他与我们 sat on the floor, and just chattered, and he told his worries
畅谈他的担忧 关心以及新想法 and concerns and ideas and so on, even in art,
不只是在建筑和城市规划上 not only architecture, not only city planning.
而是在艺术上 他来到办公室 He came into the office and we had a really good time,
整个星期天早晨 我们倾心长谈 但是我们 all Saturday morning, but we could feel
能故感觉到一个伟大的建筑师内心的伤痛 the hurt of a great creator. And he said,
他说 联合国的事已经结束了 it is all over with the United Nations,
我们再也不要提这件事了 我们接着做下一个 we don't talk about that again. We go on to the next
我们从纽约带来了一个巨大的惊喜 and we brought back from America a wonderful surprise,
那就是照片 他带回了田纳西山谷大坝的照片 photographs, he brought back photographs of the dams
他将照片带到办公室 in Tennessee Valley. He brought this into the office
告诉大家 “这就是未来” and said this is the future. This is the future
这是未来 这是自然资源的未来 and this is the future of natural energy,
这是大规模建筑的未来 It's the future of grand construction,
这是一个全新的时代 It's the future of a new epoch.
他深深地被田纳西山谷吸引住了 And he was so inspired by Tennessee Valley that
他一打开相册 he opened up the book of photographs and there
满眼都是建筑 建筑 还是建筑 was all rough concrete, rough concrete, rough concrete
我们以前总是认为 宜居计划应该像 He said we have been thinking that United Habitation
Oscar Nima的建筑一样 would rather like the buildings of Oscar Nima that was
甚至是战时在巴西修建的建筑 它们精致 built meanwhile even during the war in Brazil
通体洁白 熠熠生辉 which were brilliant, white,
代表了一片新世界的图景 shinning the vision of a new world,
光明洁净 熠熠生辉 他说 “不 shinning bright. He said, no, we're going to make this bacheonbu.
我们要做出一番新图景 It's another new image of the new world.
这是新世界的又一番图景 bacheonbu was taking the concrete, draping the forms,
也就是采用实际的方法 放弃形式 and having the form imprint. I have the luxury
使之深深印在人们脑海中 我有幸成为 of being one of the first people to detail the form work
第一批参与这项工作的人之一 that bacheonbu stayed with me for a long long time
我在其中待了很长时间 很抱歉在这里 So I'm sorry to have more pictures on this scene,
给大家看这么多图片 but maybe just one more.
但是还要给大家再看一张 He said there're 2 types
他说 “这世界上有两种建筑师 一种我们 of architects in this world. One of them is what he called
叫作胃样的建筑师 architect of the stomach,
另一种叫作有灵魂的建筑师 and the other one architect of the spirit.
当然 他永远不会用自己的作品 and of course he would never define what he means
来定义什么是有灵魂的建筑师 by the architect of the spirit by his own work.
A Swe novelle是一个在Alanfon A Swe novelle has been a team work with him
和Lage与他合作过的团队 in Alanfon and Lage, and other people in Paris
以及当时在巴黎的其他人 at that time. Art,
艺术 艺术的表现 the expression of art.
因此 这种精神只能理解为艺术的表现 So the spirit is only translated into the expression of art,
无法用语言形容 无法用文字记述 nothing into words, nothing into literal.
我们继续我们的内容 这里是屋顶建筑 So we move on, here was the roof construction which
它建在屋顶上 我参与了它的重新设计 was taken place on the roof, which I help redesign.
它建在屋顶上 这是我参与 We mean models just as cruel
设计的屋顶建筑 and as cool in the office,
我非常喜欢这个并且认为 and I loved this and thought
这是一个完美的主意 what a wonderful thing.
这是Le Cobusier和他的图表 And it was a great lesson Le Cobusier and all his diagrams.
利用人们的房顶 利用我们的房顶 Use the roof of human beings, use the roof,
这是一块自由空间 我以前想 and as a free space and I thought someday,
或许有一天我长大了 我会有个这样的机会 maybe someday when I grow up and I'll have a chance,
在这里我就有了这样的机会 and that was the chance that I had here,
在旧金山我们有一段对话 这是一个例子 in San Francisco and a dialogue. Here's a case.
或许这计划中包含的项目 It was certainly, perhaps more programs;
比在宜居计划中用到的项目还多 perhaps it's more used than in United Habitation.
但是这里的想法是与城市对话 But the idea here was a dialogue with the city,
不是通过外表和风格 也不是 not by facades or styles, what it looks like
走在街上观看它的感觉 而是一种联系 walking on the street but up on this level, a relationship,
一种亲密 一个以人为本的项目 telegraph and quoits, a place for people.
从此之后 我便明确了 From this point onward, I felt absolutely certain
建筑的关键就在于它与人之间的关系 the key to architecture is the relationship to people,
它是一件与 “人”有关的事 it's a human thing. It doesn't matter
而建筑材料并不重要 how rough the material is.
这就是在这个项目中我从Cobusier身上 That is on Bechonbu, what I learned from Cobusier.
学到的东西 例如 这里有空间 你会说 Here for example. These are spaces, which you could say
这绝对不是我自己独立完成的 的确我与 I would never done this and I have had that type of contact
Cobusier有很多联系 但这并不是抄袭 with Cobusier. So, not copying, I don't think
没有抄袭 这是一个原则 there is any copy here, it's a principle and
我们会像传统一样传承这个原则 we'll carry the principle like a tradition I say, even rusma,
但是建筑与人之间的关系是自由的 really. But the relationship with human beings is free.
这里我要快点讲 灵感来自 So here I'll go really rapidly, the breath of course
Le Cobusier 当然 is from Le Cobusier, of course
我从他那里受益匪浅 it's what I learned from him,
但与其说这些建筑抄袭他 but instead of copying the buildings,
不如说它们继承了他的传统 they take the principle that he had developed,
那时 我可以继承他的传统 and at that time, I could follow the principle.
从建筑中隔出一个空间 Designing by cutting a section from the building,
我并不在乎它的样子或者 not looking at what it looked
这想法有多疯狂 有多美 like or how crazy, how beautiful,
不完全不是这样 而实际上 no, not at all. In fact how it works,
我关注的是它的性能 the work of the building.
在建造过程中 And then of course the rough work
你可以随心所欲 where you can do anything,
先把材料拆掉，再用一种有创意的方式 tear things out, reorganize them, in a creative level,
将它们重新组装在一起 但在房顶上 but up above it shouldn't be like that,
情况就不尽相同了 it should be
我们唯一要做的就是展示 just presentation,
我们展示一些与城市相关的事情 here we present something related to the city.
我会加快速度 除了以上原则之外 So I'll just go very fast, but here again bechonbu,
Le Cobusier还有一条原则 and again other principles of Le Cobusier.
就是光线效果 例如 让光线从上方射向 the Light Canon, for example and bring light down
下方的区域 这只是这条 into the spaces below.
原则的一个简单应用 There was a principal
但实际上 它可以再进一步发展 which is just touched on here, but it could have been
但是要在一座更大的建筑上 developed much further, but on a much larger building,
街上有很多这样的建筑 since basement invention crowded the classes in the corner.
但是Le Cobusier潜移默化的影响 but the art of some of the lessons of Cobusier
就隐藏在这些毫不吸引人 in this relation not appeal
看似粗糙的建筑之中 and really rough form of work.
在继续之前 我想先停一下 So to move on, I would like now to make a break
然后讲讲真正的革命性变革 我会讲得很快 and go to the total evolutional, to go very very fast
欢迎大家发表见解Cobusier说 and I love your comments of this. So Cobusier said,
真正的建筑师只有两种 very simply, the true types of architects
一种是胃样的 一种是有灵魂的 are architects with stomach and with spirits.
我们就从胃样的建筑师开始讲起 So we begin with the architects with the stomach.
我很有幸曾致力于 And I was lucky enough in a way to be working for,
并学习文化的基础 or learning from the cultural foundation, which is
是在加利福尼亚的康奈尔大学 a foundation in Connell, California.
在那里 我遇到了一位伟大的禅宗老师 But there I met the great Zen teacher,
我给他讲了我的经历 他说 “禅宗的真正定义 And when I told him about this, he said, The real Zen
就是 不论你怎样认识精神世界 definition is that if anyone says anything about the spirit,
都是错的 因为禅宗从来都探讨精神 但是 they are wrong. Cause we never talked about it. But that,
作为人类 我们从最基本的观点看 as human beings, we are, from the very fundamental point of view,
就是管子 也就是说 食物从一头进来 tubes. And that is, food coming in and shit coming out
排泄物从一头出去 这就是基本观点 from the other. And that's basic, that's the view
这就是一个革命性的观点 但实际上 on the evolution point of view, but not quite,
在管子效果之前 我们应该看见还有胃 before the tube effect, would you see the stomach down below,
对不太活跃的人尤其如此 is the earlier form which is natural For example,
食物从一头进入 floating, not active food searchers. The food comes in,
而排泄物从同一头出来 and the shit goes out the same opening.
你不能扭转这一切 你不能让食物和排泄物 You can't reverse it, you can't have food come in the shit,
从同一头进出 单一自然就是革命性的 and going out that way. The uni-natural is evolutional.
就是这样 中间的进步就是奇迹 And it goes, the advance in the middle is the miracle again,
禅宗 禅宗 禅宗 这就是胃的奇迹 Zen Zen. The miracle of a stomach, which is
他能把不是他的东西转化成他的东西 turning what is not itself into itself.
我们接着谈 开始我们积极地观察 So moving on the float argue The front end,
搜寻 然后 我们的第一样工具 牙齿 looking, searching actively. And then the first tool, the teeth,
和颌在所有东西进入胃之前将它们咬碎 the jaw, they break up of the things before
这就是之前的准备工作 they go into the stomach. The pre-actions so this be.
这些食物包括小吃 鱼 以及 This goes from the, let's say from the snake to the fish,
生活在陆地上的德文郡鱼 to the Devonian fish who works on the dry land.
那种绕口令似地歌曲 The kind of rapped tongue song,
鱼开始了 the fish began. But basically
但是基本上来说 one can see the continue
我们能看见原始的胃的延续 from the very primal stomach,
更加努力地从胃开始工作 working from the stomach with more action,
最先产生的工具就是颌 the first real tool that comes into existence is the jaw,
它这样工作 我认为 working like this. So I see
工具的革新始于颌 the evolution principal of the tool
并且伴随颌一起发展 beginning with the jaw, and with the jaw,
从某种角度说 颌的工作 the action in a way, not
不只是代替胃分割食物 breaking-up on behalf of the stomach,
而同时也使前肢而不是后肢解放出来 but also freeing up the front legs rather than the back legs.
请大家仔细看看这一步一步是怎么发展的 And slowly watch this going step by step,
然后告诉我我讲的是否有错 and tell me if I made a mistake. So here we go,
前肢与后肢略有不同 the front legs differentiate a little bit from the back legs.
我们利用前肢比利用后肢多 And you do more with front legs than you do with back.
我们的嘴巴促使我们向前进 Relating to the mouth and the advance and coming in,
爬到树上去采摘一些东西 and here ride down to the tree already to pick something up,
看见一样东西并把它捡起来 一只松鼠之类 and look at it, pick it up, then ride on to it the squirrel
的动物坐在树上我们的祖先就是这些动物 or something like that. The ancestors were these creatures.
因此我们的眼睛长在前面 颌变得放松了 So the eyes got the front, the jaw relaxes a little,
而手则变得越来越灵活 早在人出现之前 the hands become more active now, long before man.
情况就开始这样变化了 The interest I have in this is the continuity
我对此的兴趣在于观察能力的延续 眼睛不再 of the ability to observe, the eyes, not just
只是专注于寻找食物 而是观察周围的事物 thinking of the stomach, but inspecting something visually,
在它进入胃之前 先将它抓在手里 held it with the hand before it goes into the stomach.
这里是猩猩 Here is an absolutely up-to-date modern picture
大猩猩和人的图片 of the orangutan, the gorilla and the man,
展示的是他们前肢和后肢的差异 the difference of the back feet and the front.
猩猩与大猩猩之间的差异较小 How they differentiate in the orangutan,
而人类与他们则存在巨大差异 but with the type of man enormous difference.
也就是说 人类的手一直在进化 So the hand is developing with man,
手成为了关键 and the hands are the handle and the hand
成为了人的进化和发展中 becomes the key to the evolutionary development
至关重要的因素 to what comes towards man and the erection towards man.
颌成为了一种工具 The jaws come out to act as a tool, but the hands
而手本身不能成为工具 coming out would not begin as the tool as of its own
但却可以制作精美的艺术品 that can create an artifact. Step by step,
就这样一步一步地发展 this is a famous picture today.
这幅图今天十分著名 It shows how much
它显示了大脑是如何协调 of the brain is devoted to
身体不同区域的发展的 different parts of the body.
手的确很忙 The hands really heavy-handed. That comes out
但是比大脑还要闲一些 有个别时候 but other than brain, there is the proportionally usage
我们还会用到身体的背面 手的作用是无限的 of the verse part of the body. The hand is enormous.
Cobusier也同意这一点 手工制品就变多了 And Cobusier agrees. So the artifact, the picking-up
人类逐渐学会了制作手工制品 of the artifact than natural, the natural tool,
人类在很久以前就开始捡拾骨头 不是棍棒 let's say picking up the stone, not stick, not the fish-bone,
或者鱼骨 this goes on for a long, long time.
但是鸟却是不幸的 But as the first extension, here with the bird,
鸟的工具是与身体 the bird is unlucky. The tool of the bird is fixed
连为一体的 它能够啄能都咬 to the body. He can peck. He can bite.
他能做很多事 但它唯独不能改变工具 He can do various things but he can't change the tool
那是嵌在它身体中的 它无法摆脱 that's hopped into his body. He can't get rid of it.
它也可以 但这需要一代又一代地进化 But he can. But it takes generations from generations,
这正是达尔文研究的领域 and this is exactly what the Darwin comes in,
达尔文关于这种工具的变化的研究 And Darwin began all his thinking, the changing of
都是从研究鸟类开始的 the tools from a bird for different jobs to be done.
因此 鸟类只能通过 So into go to the bird can only change after
一代一代的进化来改变 而并不能在短时间内 generations from generations, and can't change it right away.
忽然改变 我们可以说 五十万年前 So let's say half a million years ago,
我们能做的就是磨石器 all he could do is chip away on the stone,
而进化使今天的我们 and evolutionary finds out to
能够在商店里 all the different types of things
购买各种硬件设施 you can buy in the hardware store today.
这对我来说十分有趣 This is interesting to me cause
因为从这里我们就知道自己能够做什么了 it begins to see what can be done.
我们知道了科学家在做什么 What scientists are doing,
生物学家在做什么 biologists are doing,
那么 为什么我们不能也这样思考呢? why can't we think like this? Architecture tool.
建筑工具 为什么这里不能 Why can't there be continuity?
有一个延续的过程 As I would like to propose it,
就像我常倡导的那样 为什么在我们不能用 why not in the artifact the same way of thinking
研究自然科学的思维研究建筑呢? that happens with the natural development?
这是最新的图表 Here is an absolutely the most recent diagram.
例如 我们所属的团体 For example, of the group we belong to, our ancestors,
猴子的下半身 类人猿的 the low part of the monkeys, and the upper
上半身 太小了 part of the apes,
作者就是一百万到一千 So small, that's one million
三百万年间发生的事 years to 13 million years.
我相信 同样的进化理论 There is evolution I'm sure that you can certainly
在建筑领域也同样适用 apply this architecture hardware music,
那时一种同样的思维 一百万年前 the same way of thinking one million years ago,
人类主要有两件事 man had two things in basic 2 categories,
那就是工具和容器 工具和容器 tools and containers. Tools and containers.
于是人类利用他们能找到的东西造出了 There is the basic artifact beginning with the found object.
第一件手工艺品 但是从这个阶段 But essentially moving from that step by step.
一步一步往前发展 这 And 3 basic prototypes just for reference here,
里有三个基本的照片样板 the left one is keeping water which is down below
供大家参考 左边的展现的是乘着船搜集水 from coming in the boat. The middle one is the boat,
中间这一张是一艘船 与上一张非常像 very similar, except the water is inside,
只不过水在里面 船中盛着水 holding the water inside, mustn't be
第三张是人们居住的地方 And the third one is the shelter, keeping the water out
它将天上掉下来的雨水收集起来 from coming down from the sky. For some reason,
由于一些原因 建筑师们说 architects say we are
我们对船不感兴趣 not interested in boats,
我们对风景和船都不感兴趣 we are not interested in sceneries, or boats,
我们感兴趣的只是这种结合 we're only interested
带给我们的是什么 in that mix makes us
我们是否能将它们看作啊一种进步 I'm not sure whether this is right,
一种持续的发展 whether we should anatomize seeing them as one evolution,
例如那艘船 准确说是木舟 one continual evolution. The boat, for example,
不同种族的人 or to say the floating log and different race of
推着它前行 有些看起来像动物 real commuting pushing it along. Some are like the animals
不如说像鱼 or let's say the fish or coming in the right towels.
这里有不同种类的船 The different forms of tow commotion come
承载着不同种类的东西 in different forms of stomachs of the things that they can carry.
这里是一只碗 上面还经常加一个盖子例如 Here is the bowl, starting off with a pond above often a doupon,
这是早期的作品 完全是用陶土做的 for example very early, just made with clay, artificially,
是人工用陶土做的 在下雨的时候接水用 made with clay, to hold the water when it rains,
或者在晚上收集露水 or collect the dew at night. We did that
在英国我们很早以前就这么做了 a long time ago in England. And the move into the container,
这种容器经过进化 这种碗型容器成为了 that is the bowl type container which becomes,
那时的威士忌酒瓶 let's say whisky bottle at that time. But here,
我们停一下 这里是一个鸡蛋壳 let's stop for a moment, here is an eggshell,
这是最完美的容器 the most perfect container. The container between
这是连接内部环境和外部环境的容器 an interior environment and an exterior environment,
因此 内部环境可以看作是发展的过程 so the interior environment can be a process of develop,
它几乎不受外界的影响 almost independent from the condition outside,
比方说温度 光照等等 things like the warmth, daylight and so on.
但基本上对我来说 这是个自然项目 But basically it is a natural, for me, a natural project,
在自然和人工之间你有时需要画一条线 you have to draw a line somewhere between natural and artificial.
但是让我们说它是自然的 它是母鸡生出来的 But let me call it a natural, the drops from the hen
母鸡并没做什么 只是产蛋 the hen doesn't do anything, just the drops of the egg.
但是那些筑巢的鸟儿又是另一回事了 But what happens with the bird that built the nest?
对我来说 这是一件艺术品 That is something else. That is an artifact for me.
鸟儿用自己能找到的材料建成自己的巢 The bird building this with whatever materials around.
它们需要自己寻找地点 然后找到 They have to find the site and place and bring the tools
周围能找到得一切材料 in whatever materials are around.
它们在筑巢的过程中 They've got to think
需要以一种特定的思维方式思考 in a certain way that bring these things,
因此 它是在创作一件艺术品 例如 so they are building an artifact. Feeding the young for example,
在树上喂养小鸟 不仅仅是在树上 还有虫子 up in the tree. It's not up only in the tree. It's also insects.
这件就是大自然的产物 它们是艺术品 It's all the way through nature. They are artifacts,
是自然无法给予的艺术品 artifacts which nature doesn't provide for them.
它们自己建造了这些艺术品 They've got it constructed.
这是非常简单的 And so here is the very simple thing,
动物们要保护自己的卵 the care that animal has to protect the eggs,
要么把卵埋在地底下以防止 either bury it in the ground against these creatures
爱把蛋当早餐的动物的侵袭 which love eggs for breakfast,
或者把卵放在高高的树上 or the ones up in the trees for example
但这些用于保护卵的艺术品不是自然所为 But for protections artifact not done by nature,
它们受到了自然的启发 they ignite by nature I'd say, the artifact I see
我眼中的建筑是由动物和鸟儿修建的 is the artifact from the animals from the birds,
或者是昆虫 兔子 兔子自己挖洞 or from the insects And the rabbit, so the rabbit
兔子的洞口不应过大 makes an artificial cave. The opening mustn't be much larger
只要自己能钻进去就好 than other rabbits just get in and out.
这是为了保护小兔子 后来 我们看到 The protection of the young, the man beginning
人类一开始也住在洞穴里 with a cave come jointly lately could really,
人们住在自然很难形成的洞穴中或是 but probably beginning with cave or the artificial cave,
人工挖掘的洞穴中 或者将自己挖掘的洞穴 or extending the artificial cave. Say you got on,
再扩大面积 因此 这就是一种自然的传承 some kind of continuities of nature, in the caving
开凿洞穴在里面居住 这就是全貌 or hollowing out of things. And here a total picture.
在单方层面之上 在一种双方层面上 Up above unilateral stomach, bilateral.
人的感官开始飞速发展 The senses are beginning the advance galloping,
嘴不单单只是一种工具 not only for the mouth of the tool,
它成为了充满攻击力的武器 but as an aggressive thing to attack
伤害或杀死其他人 and kill them if possible.
但这就是我的标志 好吧 耳朵在腿上 Yet it's my symbol, say hi and ears on the legs.
我并不认为我们的胃有什么理性可言 它总是 I don't think we'd reason on the stomach and it'll always
坐在那里 在右边的是 sit-on On the right is
一个进化程度更高的人 a little bit more advanced man,
他有预应力木块 他在利用能量 that he's got prestressed timber. He is using energy,
用弓箭 这是一个很早的将预应力 with the arrow, in a very early conversion
转化为推拉力的过程 在这里是推力 from prestressing to push-and-pull and in this case, push.
我们先停一下 我想找到 So let's just say for a moment, I'm trying to look for
这些事物之间的连续性 perfect continuity of these things.
就算是从最开始的发展 一点一点看 So even come into the early development, bit by bit,
我们有了作为工具的艺术品 of the artifact with the tool for example,
也就是能量的转换 能量的转换发生地很早 the conversion of the energy the conversion of the energy,
大概有五十多万年 very early maybe a bit more than half a million years,
最开始用的是刺 刺经过长时间的演变 the use of thorn, thorn converted much much later
在很久之后才演化成为靠推拉运转的工具 into push-pull, thorn into push-pull,
刺演化成靠推拉运转的工具 and that is the beginning of rapid transit. He he,
这就是快速传输的开始 the conversion to push and pull. So this could be seen
向靠推拉运转的工具的转变 我认为这可以 I think as step by step some kind of museum
看作是一个一步一步 made for special
为特别展出建造的博物馆 functional demonstrating
于是人类的房屋建筑出现了 that trying to demonstrate. So here again the shelters of,
但一开始的房屋建筑是游牧式的 but the early ones nomad and nomadic with the animal,
人和动物住在一起 主要是给动物 能量工具 basically the animal and energy tool,
提供栖身之所 动物不是被杀了吃掉 the animal killed and eat them,
就是被训化 被控制 or the animal tamed or the animal
跟随并看管羊群 controlled in this condition
因此 无论走到哪里 at the herd, following the herd or taming the herd.
对游牧民族来说 没有什么 So no matter what comes the really important
比带上房子更重要的了 这其实就是 going with it than nomadic shelter. It's just one of the many
容器的众多分支之一 branches coming off the container, but that is a,
但是我在撒哈拉沙漠 what I found in Sahara, is a decade of conversion but is
看见的房子 better than looking at somebody reconstructing something in.
经过了数十年的演变 It's a decade conversion.
但是这里的人和羊都很美 But these are beautiful people and sheep,
羊能为人们产羊毛 产羊奶 奶酪 and with sheep they have the wool, they have the milk,
还能给人提供羊皮 they have the cheese, they have the hide,
人们用它们的骨头 他们差不多能利用 they have their bones and they use them.
羊身上的所有东西 但是我们却不能 They use almost all of those things, which we can't
他们要带着羊群一起走 They've got to follow them.
他们要将帐篷拆掉一起带走 They've got to take the tent down and move along.
他们是我的好朋友 These are very good friends of mine.
他们十年前就在那里 Here they are, as I see, it's a decade form.
生活仍在继续 那是什么 The life is still going on. What was that?
这就是建筑师 他就是 Anyway here is the architect and he is the one
他负责搭建帐篷和找寻新的栖息地 who is in charge of putting this tent up and finding new pieces,
当然 帐篷是用各种各样的东西拼凑起来的 of course it's patched together with their various kinds of things.
但是人们从这个十年前的建筑中可以看见 But one can really see the history
历史和演变 or the evolution with such a decade-ago form.
我们那可以看到 这是动物骨架或皮毛 You can see it would have been an animal herd, or an animal hide,
它可能是一件编织物 我这么认为 it would have been a fabric, especially me for the purpose.
这位女士为我做了世界上最好喝的薄荷茶 Here is the lady who makes the most wonderful mint tea for me.
当然 是用塑料瓶装的 现在在他们那里也 And of course it came in plastic bottles and all this kind of
用这些东西 但是这就像是体验 things is coming in now. But it was just to experience like
回过头去 从生活经验中体会 waking backwards to understand from living experience.
这是厨房 The kitchen.
我们来继续 当动物越来越多的时候 So moving on with the fix that is when the animals become more,
你就可以将它们圈在圈里 不用移动 you can put them in a crawl for example, and not moving around
不用总是跟着它们 而是让它们跟着你 following them so much but making animals follow one so.
这里我漏掉了一件事 那就是动物能量 And there was one thing I skipped that is the animal power
这是一种历史悠久 极为重要的能量 as the form of energy, very early and very important.
后来发展成挽具和马力 Later on the harness of animals and horse power.
现在我想快点讲讲一种不同的材料 Here I just want to go very very quickly for the use of
那就是泥土 the obviously different materials could be mud.
不一定非要是本地的石头 但那就是 It wouldn't have to be the local stone necessarily. But the
我们一开始对于房屋的传统概念 beginning of the conventional fixed idea we have about a house.
我想将它和我在西班牙的房子做个对比 And I want to contrast that with a moment where I live in Spain.
这是传统的建筑方式 This is the traditional form of construction.
一切都从地上开始 And everything is from the ground.
一切都从地上开始 Everything has come from the ground just a meter around it.
山上没有路 And there's no road coming in to climb over the rocks.
因为根本就没有有轮子的工具 Because this is nothing with the wheels.
这有山羊 毛驴和原始的风俗 There is only goats and donkeys and barbarism.
我们再回头看 Now I must go back.
这是我们的村子 There's a village of ours,
几个这样的村子组合在一起 a number of this slowly going together
因此 我们可以组成社区 because in a way we could think of evolving of communities,
组成村庄 the evolving of village
不久我们就能看见更紧密 更大的社区 and later on we'll see whether tighter, bigger community.
这都可以看作是一个连续的进化过程 This can be seen all as one continuous evolutionary process
我们用不同的材料 这里我们用白色因为 with different materials. There we use the white because we have
奶牛是白色的 这是我们能找到的材料 this cow as the white material you can dig out of the ground.
我们就在农场里 随便拉出一只将它涂白 Or say we are around here, farm, bring it out and paint it on,
尽管它是白的 但它属于大地 it belongs to the earth although it's white.
这就是我在西班牙在地中海边的居所 And here is where I live exactly near Mediterranean Sea in Spain.
这是建筑师 And here is the architect again.
当然 他守护羊群 但他还做其他事 he looks after the goats of course but he does everything,
他修建水利系统 做木工 他什么都做 the water system, the carpenter, he does everything the architect.
这就是摩洛哥马拉喀什 So here is what happens in Morocco in Marrakech, a real Marrakech
一种生态发展模式正在发展之中 an organic-looking development is taken place.
我得快点讲了 Here I have to skip really fast.
这里正在经历一场特大机遇 There is an enormous chance that has taken place
我们看到的这个已经有一千年历史了 between what we see here, maybe about 1000 years old
或许这是翻新 重建的 Probably this was restored and rebuilt,
翻新和重建 因此有一点小的变化 restored and rebuilt, so it changed a little bit.
但是摩洛哥的文化活动 But the intensity of Marrakech
至少已经稳定地持续了一千年 would have been stable for 1000 years or even
甚至是两千年 这是纽约的规划图 2000 years. The personal plan, here is New York plan,
城市规划也经历的重大的变迁 the big change is taken place in evolution city planning.
我希望能给大家看它是怎样发生地 I wish I could show you how it fills in.
这里的改变并不是最近造成的 它有2500年了 This change here is not new. It is about 2500 years old.
例如 亚历山大大帝建造了亚历山大城 Alexander the Great for example laid out the city of Alexander
他用了网格图纸 on a grid because at that time
因为那时人们的数学很好 civilian was mathematically possible
有一位皇帝说 你能做这个 and there was an emperor who can say you can do this,
你不能做那个 他给你制定规则 and you cannot do that, and set the rules.
因此 你就有了规则 对平民的理解 So you get regulations, understanding of civilian,
这是一栋房子 在顶上有一个供应系统 a dormitory, and on top of that it's a service system.
它并不像西班牙的房子一样建在小溪上 It's not on little rivers as in Spain.
而是建在管状物上 It's on pipes.
我想回过头来看看芝加哥的情况 I want to jump to what happens in Chicago.
芝加哥是演变的一个典范 Chicago is a wonderful example of evolution.
在十九世纪末 一切拔地而起 At the end of the 19th century, everything is going up.
摩天大楼第一次出现在芝加哥 The first time the skyscrapers really began in Chicago.
街上没有汽车 根本就没有那种东西 No automobiles on the street, there's nothing like that.
但是人类活动日益频繁 But the beginning of the intensity,
人们开始大兴土木 and the beginning of rapid construction too.
例如这里仍然是靠人力建起的砖木结构 And here for example, still load- burying brick- walled
看这个宏伟的建筑 它有十八层 And this enormous block, and it's about 18 stories high,
但它的根基很结实 But it is solid missionary at the base.
下面是印第安纳州的钢铁建筑 And then comes the steel in Indiana. And with the steel,
钢铁在建筑中的应用非常晚 or cosana actually before steel. Let's say going from
就好像从石器时代到网络时代的跨越 the stoning age to the net age very very late in architecture.
因此 在芝加哥一切尽收眼底 So in Chicago, you can see it all.
双层窗户在过去的建筑中非常流行 The double-hang window which is typical for buildings like
但现在玻璃被广泛应用到建筑中 in past stage for example, here in it's plate glasses come in
这些玻璃是特别制造的 plate glass has been manufactured.
因此 他们逐渐放弃了原来打地基的方法 So they are slowly dropping the idea of load-burying walls,
框架结构开始产生 the frame is coming in.
框架结构的产生是因为金属 The frame is coming in because of the metal.
窗户的改变是因为现在材料变成了玻璃 The windows are coming in because of the fabric is now glass.
电梯上下运行 The elevator so necessary going up and down,
这都源于工业的发展 it's an industrial development coming from,
你可以给这个工具画一幅进化图 you could make an evolution picture of that tool,
从出水的井变成矿 from the well going down to pull the water to mining.
一切都被放在一个大矿之中 Things have been brought in to a blue great mining.
差不多就在这时它变成了一个 Then that was converted just about this time a little bit earlier
高大的建筑 与此同时 into useful high-rise concrete. At the same time
埃菲尔铁塔也修建成功 最伟大的发明就是 the Eiffel Tower going up inclined. The great discovery was
电梯 它让一切成为可能 the elevator that made these things possible.
因此 他们都从窗户中得到了这些发现 So they are all finding out of these conditions from the window
窗户之间的空隙保持在最小 to the minimum between the windows,
例如窗棂 不是用一种合金 the lattice for example, with either nasenry steel,
就是用我发明的一种金属 thick metal which I helped develop.
在下方的突起下面 各种不同的金属 And down below the extrusion, so the different metals is like
就像鸟巢一样的演变系统 finding out of the evolution system like the nets of the birds,
就像早期工具一样 那时差不多是 like the early tools. This was about the time
五十年代中后期 什么事也没发生 a little bit after the middle of 1950s nothing was happening.
这是这栋建筑的第二个模型 And this is the second model of this building
在芝加哥Harristrus built in Chicago, Harristrus,
我要继续讲解关于它的细节 And I went on this detailing it before it goes.
这是我第一次给别人介绍作品 是在SOM My first introductory experience and there in the office of SOM,
那时在芝加哥 In Chicago we had only 4 buildings
我们有四栋建筑 这是其中之一 to refer to at that time. One was this, the copy of
是纽约联合国总部秘书长庭院的翻版 this building in the United Nations, Secretary yard.
另一个是建筑师 The other one is Liva House
Benshuft Desoyelm的Liva House by Benshuft Desoyelm the originator
第三个是Inland Steel The other one is Inland Steel
它是芝加哥第一座现代办公室建筑 the first modern office building in Chicago,
只隔一条或两条街 one block or two blocks away,
我记不太清了 I'm not quite sure I remember that,
但是很近 我在那里生活 学习 but very close to, I worked there and learning there.
那是在Bush Greyham的开发之下 And there was under the development of Bush Greyham,
那时我们还是新人 and during that time, we were really new,
我们不用砖 we would drop all the bricks.
没有砖 只有金属和玻璃 There was no brick; it's all metal and glass.
但是它是有空调的 But one more thing, it's air-conditioned,
窗户可以自由开关 the windows can open and close,
整个建筑由空调控制 a totally air-conditioned building
你想象不到 它在当时是多么先进 It's hard to imagine how new this was,
设计并建造这样一座建筑是多么困难 and how difficult it was to detail, how difficult it was to build,
现在这是如此简单 但是那时是那样困难 now it's so easy, but then it was so difficult.
因此我产生了一个想法 And so I innovated the idea that
每十层为一个单元 然后重新往上盖 every 10 floors should be a stop and start again.
这就意味着 例如 所有的空调系统 That means to say that all of the air-conditioning
都必须达到那个高度 for example comes in and goes to that level,
然后再从那里分支 向上或向下 and filling down or up, filling down or up
这座建筑有二十层 也就是有两个十层 This is 20 stories higher, so ten 2 stories break up again,
然后上面又有十层 and then 10 going up again.
能给大家展示这个 Typically, I'm showing you this
我感到非常骄傲 这其中包含着很多工作 very proudly there was a lot of work,
对窗户的清洗优势另一项发明 and then the window-washing was another invention
也就是说整个空间由圆柱支撑 that was quite the realm has to run right on through the column.
这就是当时芝加哥的伟大人物 Here is the great man who was in Chicago at that time, and he
我对他非常了解 was the man that I knew very well only because my wife's father,
因为他和我岳父关系很好 they knew each other in the bar house days
在年轻的时候 before he closed the bar house.
但是那里有史密斯 史密斯走进来 But there was Smith, and Smith was like really like
将一切旧的观念全部打碎 the great man who came in and broke it all free.
在1900年的哥伦比亚集市之后 And after the Columbian fair which was like in 1900
直到这是才有了真正的进步 there was no more real progress taking place until this time.
就在这时 史密斯来到了芝加哥 More less this time when Smith came to Chicago,
随后 我也来到了芝加哥 I was in Chicago, just a little bit later.
他正在做研究 聘请 But he was doing this research, and in the school
学校的学生在他的办公室里工作 using the students for the research in the office of course.
但这是巨大的发展 But it was the great development
通常发展都来源于简洁 and always development through simplicity.
他常说 我坐在椅子上 我是个健康人 He would say, I am sitting on a chair, I am a very healthy man,
我只需要两个支点 并不是四个 I only need two points of support, not four.
这样就足够了 It worked perfectly.
现在这的确实现了 This was of course come on place now.
但是那是他在建酒吧间的时候设计的 But he designed this in the bar house time.
想法是在酒吧间的时候生发的 And that was evolved in the bar house time.
现在他在芝加哥 做细节设计工作 And now he was in Chicago, detailing really the best detailing
这些想法又一次源于 would be possible because of a philosophy that almost again
禅宗中关于极限的哲学 came in the Zen philosophy to do with the minimum,
以最高的准则 用最少的材料 以最高的准则 maximum discipline, minimum material, maximum discipline,
利用最多的想法 永远关注细节 maximum thought, and always working into the detail.
这就是完美的细节 This is the perfected detail for example,
这是同时发生的 and this was going on at the same time and
它使史密斯和我们都出了名 really put Smith fame and put all of us,
一个人可以设计一个宏伟的建筑 一个组织 say one man could do a big architecture or organization,
他可以用最高准则 could not do, one man could do it by the discipline,
将细节精确到毫米 the discipline in extrusions to the millimeter.
当然今天这可能不算什么 Of course today would have trouble glazing,
我们可以做出各种各样的东西 we could do all kinds of different things.
但在当时 But at that particular moment,
这就是纽约真正的现代建筑 this was one of the truly modern building in New York,
当然 一切井井有条 then of course, everything fill in place.
但是演变的过程是从那时开始的 But this evolutionary process after that point before
在发现一个细节之前 他总说 最重要的是 they find out a detail, he would say, the most important is
细节必须要精准 有逻辑 干净简洁 the detail be absolutely right, sought out logical, clean, clear,
漂亮 但是必须在某种角度重复使用 beautiful, but just use it as a repetition in a way.
然后我们问他对于Hrristrust studio的看法 And then we asked him what he thought about Hrristrust studio,
他说 它太复杂了 实在太复杂了 and he said, too complicated, much much too complicated.
于是我开启了自己的人生 自己的世界 And so I started my own life, which was my own world
以我自己的双手 in a way with my own hands in the desert,
我一开始的想法是建造一座亭子 under the superstition mountain with an idea of a pavilion.
这是个亭子样本 样本意味着 This is a prototype of a pavilion, a prototype means that
我有一个原则 那就是 一个设计 没有墙 I have a certain disciplines, which is one plan, no walls,
利用自然力 平衡 完美的平衡 taking natural forces, and balance, perfectly balance,
完美的平衡系统 我对此感到十分自豪 the system of perfectly balance and I was very proud of this.
它也是一个冥想的地方 It was also a place of meditation,
一个沙漠中的参禅圣地 a Zen place in the desert,
今天 这可能会成为一座养老院 this today would be loaded with a senior citizen's housing.
在那时 没有什么可怕的 At that time, nothing, nothing to the fright,
它是一座房子 这种关系 it was going off to the mansion, that relationship
就产生了关于亭子的构想 of course was the idea of the pavilion,
具有道家思想 of the Taoist pavilion,
一个用作冥想的建筑 the place of contemplation using architecture
这是多么简洁明了 但是将建筑与 How simple, but using architecture as a space in relation
冥想 与遥远的未来 to contemplation, in relationship to the distant horizon,
甚至是周围的植物联系起来了 and the local vegetation.
再一次与史密斯的谈话中我们谈到了亭子 So I followed the idea of the pavilion in a dialogue with Smith,
我们同时也在与他人交谈 a dialogue with other people, simultaneously at the same time
试图弄清楚什么是亭子的基本原则 trying to solve what are the basic principles of a pavilion.
我们的意见又是完美的平衡 So the conditions here again are perfect balance,
完美的工艺 工艺是必须得 perfect engineering, engineering is so essential,
没有工艺你什么也做不了 without engineering you can't do it.
那是形状 是装饰 是一些可笑的东西 Or it's a shape or decoration, or something funny,
一些与众不同的东西 不 都不是 or something different, no that's not the idea.
我们是要去解决问题 The idea is to solve the problem.
因此 我们看这里 整个建筑由八个点支撑 So you see here the eight points of support around the edge,
在中心和边上根本没有支撑点 no points of support in the middle and side, none.
这很难 因为建筑在山边 But difficult, because it is one on the hill side, two,
其次 这里容易发生地震 it has to take seismic conditions.
第三 基本材料是混凝土 And three, the basic material was concrete.
这里 绳索是施加了预应力的 So here you see draping of cables is prestressed.
每根绳索都承担了二十个串联 包括房顶 Each of these cables contain 20 tandems, roofs inside.
空的绳索按照顺序紧紧扎在一起 The empty cables, those are drawn tight into a certain sequence
这都是我算出来的 which I could work out.
这些都非常精细 没有电脑 全部手工计算 The very subtle draping, calculated without computer,
那时没有电脑 全是手工计算的 there was no computers at that time at all, hand-calculated.
因此 这个系统 加上亭子的设计 And so with this system, respecting the idea of the pavilion,
就意味着支撑点是至关重要的 that means the points of support are absolutely critical.
它们决定了受力点 决定了房间的样式 These for the stresses, and they decide how the drape
怎样根据每个部分的受力情况改变 is going to go, according to the stress of every intersection.
而支撑点并不因为建筑在山边就变得简单 And the support not easy either because it's on the hill side.
我可以用一些材料加固 I've got an uncrated emphasis,
因此这些施加了预应力的柱子实际上 so these prestressed bars actually,
我可以利用一个预应力系统 I could use a prestressing system,
我和朋友可以在晚上单独做的一件事 one thing I could do with the friend alone at night.
那天晚上下起了大雨 So there is the lowest ability held that night rains,
要防雨 防震 into the hill side against the earthquake
从八个基柱的根基进行加固 pulling on the basis of each of the eight columns.
因此 紧紧因为如此 这并不像沙漠 So during that alone again, not like the desert
那是十分原始 十分简单的 which is very primitive, very simple, here is the
而这是复杂的 在工艺上是复杂的 sophisticated, from engineering point of view, sophisticated.
没有承包商 我要自己动手做 No contractor, so I'll do it myself.
在美丽的山边 做真正的建筑 And a beautiful side, the sliding side, and a real architecture
这是一种你自己和建筑 experience built in something
亲密接触的经历 like that yourself out alone with this.
然后就没有什么发生了 Well then, there was not so much going on.
因此 我们施加了预应力 So there aroused the prestressed conditions are open,
非常简单 但是由于山的银边 very simple thing, but because of the silver of the hill,
楼梯成了一种表现形式 也是一个支撑点 the floor is an expression, which in a way is a support
仅仅是这个亭子的构建 only for the pavilion idea, the basic pavilion idea.
就学习了Le Cobusier Becheonbu, learned from Le Cobusier,
完美的原则 perfect down the discipline
从Niece Vango身上学习 learned from Niece Vango,
而建筑与自然的关系 and the relationship to the landscape
则借鉴了Franc Loid Wright. in the way, learnt from Franc Loid Wright.
因此 我们将这些人的思想以 So we sound the mixture of these
不同的形态组合起来 people with different shapes
我们要与众不同 集各家所长 of being different and trying to mix something together.
以达到一种纯洁 演变中的纯洁 To try and reach some kind of purity, purity in evolution.
平民变成富翁 The folk coming in to the rich.
一种空间从里向外的延续 The continuity of the space from the inside to out.
一种对作品的延续 The continuity of the Bacheonbu,
例如 这个作品是从里开始的 Bacheonbu beings for example, inside.
再给大家一些细节 它们有时很有趣 Just more details, sometimes funny.
当屋顶被太阳晒热的时候 When the roof gets hot with the sun,
我们将每个基柱加固 we hold each of these columns,
这样基柱薄弱的链接 so the columns can't let go with
部分就不会脱落 the petty points of connections.
但是屋顶稍微有点上下起伏 But the roof goes up and down a little bit,
日日夜夜 上上下下 但是有玻璃 day and night, up and down, but the maximum glass of this,
他们从不让一个建筑整体的活力消失 they never let a program absolutely livability wiped out
因此 你可以开开心心地 so you can live perfectly happy with the normal kind
过着特权阶级或者中产阶级的生活 of prestige or bourgeois
但是这就是你在 But all the conditions that
房间里能够找到的 you could expect to find in a house.
但不是一般的形式 But no ordinary form
这里我想谈谈我和Voderon先生说的谈话 So here comes reference to dialogue with Mr. Voderon.
他实际上想建造一个 He wanted to build actually
非常简单的混凝土结构建筑 a concrete structure very very simple
但是并没有实现 but couldn't get as far as I can
因为项目被取消了 because the program was cancelled.
这是它之前的cardian cuba项目 This was the cardian cuba that has gone ahead with it.
我不知从他身上学到了 But it was how much I learned
多少东西 我与他交谈 from him, and I dialogue with him,
我与阿拉伯 英国和 and with Arab, one or two of
德国的建筑师交流 the engineers in England, in Germany
每个人都与这个项目有联系 每个人都感兴趣 But it's like everyone is in touch, everyone is interested
这该怎么办呢? in this program, how is it going to be solved?
当然他将它变成了 He, of course, translated into steel,
一个漂亮的钢铁建造的亭子 and made a beautiful pavilion
它位于德国 以同样的原则建造 in Germany, working the same principles.
这种上下颠倒的方式很重要 The points of updown is so important,
并且从某种角度上很难改变 and very difficult in a way to change.
如果你在外面 中间的部分看起来是下垂的 If you go further to the outside, tends to sag in the middle,
没办法将混凝土组合到一起 can't bring concrete together,
在角落的地方容易下垂 这很可怕 tends to droop on the corner is horrible.
你必须从正确的角度切入 找到 You have to go to just the point, or try to find just
最好的能保持平衡的点 the best support in which it balances each other.
那意味着思考和工艺 That means thinking and engineering.
因此 这种事情的发展 我在洛杉矶 So the development of these things, a building I designed
设计了一座建筑 以同样的原则 但是更大 in Los Angeles, on the same principle, but much bigger,
或许可以将建造亭子的理念 possible to apply the principle
应用到建造银行上 of the pavilion to a bank for example
但是关于支撑点的原则是一样的 But the same idea that the point of support
用到了预应力 同样的预应力原则 what the prestressing the same principle of prestressing,
只有两根绳索 一边一根 only two cables, each side one.
但是牵伸原则和灌浆原则差不多 But the jacking principle and the grouting principle are pretty
都是从基本的建筑原则中发展出来的 much the same developed from the basic construction principle.
是一个延续的整体 And the one continuous pole,
在这和联系的整体之中 up above one continuous monolithic pole, and here is
我觉得这个牵伸系统十分有趣 the jacking system which is to me fantastically interesting
我们不能只单独牵伸任何事物 that you can't just jack any being independently.
那是一个确定的系统 There is a certain system.
你在这边放两个 然后看准仰角 You make two on this side and go around to the elevation.
慢慢建起张力网 Slowly build up the tensional grid,
观察它的力量 观察混凝土 检查混凝土 Then watch the strength, the concrete, testing the concrete,
然后 当它达到一定范围时 And then when it reaches a certain range,
我们就可以放手了 which we calculated to relieve the farm work. The same thing
在亭子中 在银行都是一样的 in the little pavilion, the same thing with the big bank.
基本上一样 但有少许不同 Generally the same type, but finding out a little bit,
少许不同? 为什么? finding out why?
因为你负担不起建银行的材料 Because you can't afford the material for bank,
你负担不起那种大规模的建筑 you can't afford things like a big construction.
整个建筑只在下面有两根柱子 Two down below, this whole building,
由八个点的串联工作组支撑 this supported, on this 8-tandem-point support,
这个过程本身就让人愉悦 that's the whole of delight in a way.
计算所产生的愉悦感 That delight of having calculated something,
理解建筑系统而产生的愉悦感 The delight of understanding the system of the construction.
一点空白 我不喜欢它 A little of void I can't enjoy it because
因为每件事都是以此为基础的 everything is based on this
它们是移动的 And they are mobile,
它们不是固定的 they are not fixed,
他们稍有移动 they move a little bit.
稍有移动 There point of moving a little bit
向下 向上 down below, and up above.
但是完全是对称平衡的 But totally symmetrically balanced and so on.
这就是高登在洛杉矶 So that was Gordon in Los Angeles
这是史密斯 And here is Smith.
我深深记得和他的谈话 I think I am doing really well on his dialogue on this.
他常常说 “Paffard This always comes in something like “Paffard,
为什么要这么复杂呢?” why so complicated?”
我认为我自己做的相当好 就是这么简单 I think I am doing so well on this honestly, so simple.
他说 “你可以只在四个角上各建一根柱子 So he said “you can do just one column on four sides
如果你去看看建筑的话 但我并没有 if you go to see the construction”, but I didn't.
我喜欢这种能使你感到舒适和开心的想法 And I love the idea of over which may give you comfort or joy
还有一切其他影响 但是比什么都好 and some other influences. But much better than
简单地建筑 用钢铁结构 build the house so simple, build with steel,
只在中央建一根柱子 just one column erected in the middle
这就是建筑师之间的对话 So a dialogue between people in architecture,
那是一段多么美好的时光啊 我们两个人 what a wonderful thing in a time and we two developing
“Cobusier你在做什么? “Cobusier! What are you doing Cobusier?
你想做什么?” What would you do Cobusier?”
这就是我们经常说的 当然 你可能会 That's what we always said. And of course you would
做一些完全不同的惊人的事情 do something very different
然后还去工作 and surprising but still goes to work
关于亭子的问题 是确定无误的 with the problems of pavilion absolutely and certainly
作一个伟大建筑师的前提 The only thing as a great architect
作一位伟大的艺术家 is that he is a great artist.
他就像毕加索 他能打碎所有的枷锁 He is like Picasso. He can break all rules.
他会那么做 打碎所有枷锁 And he would do that, break all rules.
这就是Cobusier 他进行进行建筑 So here is Cobusier, and he built,
我认为这比Bechonbu好 I think this is gonna be better than Bechonbu,
因为那是他教给我的 是我喜欢的 because that's what he taught me and I loved.
但是现在他转向了钢铁建筑 But now he goes to steel and all right,
他转向钢铁建筑 建造了一座双式亭子 so he goes to steel and made a double pavilion,
就是这个 在苏黎世 双式亭子 and here it is, in Zurich, a double pavilion.
它同样秉承了亭子原则 And again the pavilion situation is above a building
它的屋顶很坚固 它不需要那个 has a perfectly good roof and it certainly wouldn't need that.
是的 它需要 Yes it does, it's because it's from
那是源于建筑空间和建筑理念的 the architectural space and architectural idea.
但是 看 在远方右手边的地方有一根大柱子 But look, one column on the far left-and-right hand side
想一根空的下水管 like a drain pipe through actually nothing,
在中间的事最重的一根柱子 in the middle the heaviest column, we don't need a column at all.
这实际上是对规则的彻底颠覆 It's a total, in fact, a turn of the rules
他对这些规则了如指掌 and he knows the rules very very well.
因此 我再试一次 这是一个非常复杂的项目 So I try again, there is a complicated project
这是我专门为苏格兰的比赛建造的 which I made in the entry for competition in Scotland.
这是一个复杂的博物馆 A complicated museum, I thought,
这四个支柱组成一个亭子 you can see the four points of support that could be a basic pavilion
这就好像Le Cobusier说的 well I like look Le Cobusier in a way.
在联合区域内建造复杂的项目 Complicated program below a unifying space
在上面 我认为这是一个好主意 up above. I thought this is a great idea.
可以将我的一些经验 And could put some of my experience,
Le Cobusier的经验 some of my experience and Cobusier's experience,
FrankWright的经验放在一起 FrankWright's experience,
虽然这些建筑中没有一个是纯粹的 although none of these buildings are constructively pure.
但是这里的观点就是 亭子的建筑是纯粹的 But the idea here, the pavilion must be structurally pure.
不管发生什么 亭子的建筑是纯粹的 Whatever it is happening the pavilion has to be structurally pure
因此 这是一个复杂的项目 So there is a complicated program,
实在很复杂 就像一个有很多规则的博物馆 really complicated, it's like a big museum with a lot of rules.
我由于其他因素输掉了比赛 I lost the competition for other reasons.
但基本思想就是这样 But basically the idea was there,
这个伟大的亭子和其他事情Anthony说 the great pavilion and many different things, Anthony said.
这用的是Yese木质模型 This was with Yese wooden model
我并没有最终的完稿 I don't have the finishing drawing.
但是我们最后和一位工程师 But we went on for a very fine
一起设计了细节 detail with a very good engineer,
他在Sanhuali工作 who worked for the Sanhuali,
是在伦敦近郊居住的一位朋友 this friend Nearby in London.
他教我工程基础 He taught me the basic engineering
由此我前往瑞士学习建筑 from whom I went to study engineering in Switzerland.
但是我的知识足够多 可以和 But I knew enough to work very closely
真正伟大的工程师一起工作 因为我学习过 with really good engineers, because I had studied it.
因此 经过我们的修建 屋顶 So it was we engineered that the roof
变得非常非常漂亮 was beautifully beautifully detailed,
我无法完全展示所有发生的事情 I can't show what exactly happens in totally.
但这又是一种平衡状态 But it was again the balance condition.
这又是定期出现的 And so it comes again periodically,
我想再谈谈史密斯 I talk about Smith a little bit,
因为他是我们家的老朋友 because he was a friend, also
他从一定程度上代表了历史 a friend of the family. And he had this enormous history,
一段主要关于酒吧的历史 the history of course centrally about the bar house,
然后是芝加哥的历史 芝加哥的历史 and then Chicago. The Chicago history, it's very easy
从IT领域看这段历史很简单 to watch what it happened with IT for example.
他对于Malian姐妹的介绍 And with his introduction of let's say the Malian sisters
或者是纯粹理论的发展 or the development of the pure box.
史密斯总是在讲故事 And Smith was always around in a way to tell stories.
就好像几天前 And that was like in a few days ago,
我给史密斯讲了几个故事 as I told some of the stories to Smith and he said,
他说 我喜欢这些故事 快讲 tell these , I like these excerpts.
这里没有时间讲了 This isn't time, it's not possible.
我要解释为什么 I'll explain why.
我和妻子决定请史密斯来家里 My wife and I, we decided to invite Smith have a fire place
我们给了他很多光盘 他喜欢光盘 and give him lots of Rom, he loves Rom.
我们请他坐下 他开始讲故事 Sat him down and let him to talk.
他从晚上八点开始讲故事 And he told stories beginning at 8 o'clock at night,
然后到了十二点 一直到凌晨两点 it went on to 12, went on the 2 o'clock in the morning, telling
他一直在讲它的童年 他的经历 all stories of his childhood, of his experiences with Barons, and
他建造的亭子以及他 of course with the pavilion and his position
在德国负责展览 in charge of exhibition in Germany.
这些故事都很精彩 我记忆犹新 And wonderful wonderful stories which I can remember
但我并没有记录下来 but have not yet written down,
我记录下了一些 I've written down some of them.
但是他一直讲 一直讲 他喜欢这样 But this went on and on and on and on and he loves it.
当时的氛围好 壁炉也很暖和 And the mood was right, the fire was right,
一切都很好 他就一直讲 the Rom was right, and he went on,
当时邀请的另一个人也是家里的亲戚 The one other man who was a part from the family,
他是一位德国建筑师 the 2 are a part of the family, another German architect,
史密斯一直讲 直到两点钟 and Smith came, and about 2 o'clock in the morning
他实在坚持不住 睡着了 他说 he sneaked away, he says,
我得睡了 god I need to get some sleep
我明天还要给大家讲课呢 because he's got a presentation the next day
已经两点了 他必须得睡觉了 and it's 2 o'clock, he's got to go.
史密斯说 “你们这帮年轻人! And Smith said, “with your young people!
你们难道已经不能听故事了么?” Exactly in that tone.
就是这种语气 That you cannot listen to a good story any more?”
他继续讲 直到凌晨四点 And then he went on telling till 4 o'clock in the morning,
六点 直到早上八点 6 o'clock in the morning, to 8 o'clock in the morning.
在早上八点 他还在讲故事 At 8 o'clock in the morning, he's still telling stories.
太阳升起来了 天已经大亮 The sun was up and it was all bright,
我们该去上班了 so now we got to get to work.
这就是那时的他 So give an idea what that man was like at that time.
因此 在一个不纯粹的建筑顶端 So guess, the idea of putting up a pure structure on top
修建一座纯粹的建筑 of an impure structure, to make a structure
这就是他告诉我的 go all the way through that's what he told me.
这是一座六层的办公室 So here is a 6-story office building, suspended,
这并不是在顶端装饰 this is not an artificial idea of decoration of the top.
他们采用了这些观点 They've picked up these points all interior forces all suspended
在这栋建筑顶端 from the top of a long thrust against the building
以十六个轴点支撑 supported on 16 pivot points.
就像一座架设在铁路上的大桥一样 As a bridge crossing on a railroad,
像伦敦的地铁 underground railroad in London,
像大都市中的伦敦地铁二号线 it is the metropolitan land metropolitan 2 line in London,
桥梁在上面跨越而过 as it passes a reference.
我们这次对细节也是十分关注 Again we detailed this in really fine detail,
计算成本 做出了这项策划 calculated the cost, and made this proposal
这是一项公开赛的一部分 as part of an open competition.
这和以往的比赛是一样的 It was the short list again coming in show less
我们真的做出来的 we really worked this thing out
这个建筑很奇特 但是 So that it was unique but in a way as far as perfect
那是我当时所能做到的最好水平了 as I could make it then.
最重要的就是它和大本钟 And the important part was the relationship to Big Ben
以及与周围建筑和威斯敏斯特教堂的关系 and everything is happening around palace and Westminster Abby,
威斯敏斯特桥 周围的树以及都市地铁 Westminster Bridge, the trees, and the metropolitan railway
它们在地下延伸开来 which you could see sweeping underground
这就为将它建成一座桥梁式建筑 which was the great challenge or opportunity
提供了挑战 契机以及理由 or reason of making it a bridge-like structure.
这些东西之间的关系 And here the relationship of these things,
对于这种关系的研究始于模型 we really started this in model form, the relationship of the terms.
其他区域作为补充得到了提升 The other spaces is elevated as supplies underneath.
在左边它是怎样支撑的 And how it is supported on the left.
我对于那些与它们有联系的东西 And I had some kind of respect
都有一种尊敬之情 for these things that they could relate,
不同时期 不同年代的建筑 buildings of different times and different periods,
例如威尼斯的建筑 for example, Somoco in Venice, the buildings are all
都是不同年代的 但是却在空间上 of different epoch honest to themselves and their relations
以一种完美的方式诚实地对待自己 in such a beautiful way in terms of space.
但是这是可以完成的 我并没有亲自说 Yet can be done here, I am not to say that in person
我可以做成 但是我的立场是这样的 that I could do that, but at least I held to that position.
你并不需要一直模仿 You don't have to follow through to look like,
一只羡慕 一只膜拜 这些都不需要 or to compliment, or to respect, there's none of it.
那是空间 是关联 是纯粹的建筑 非常重要 It's space and relationship and pure architecture, so important.
很遗憾 我们有足够的照片了 I don't have more photographs. It's a pity.
但谁能不喜欢这样呢? But who didn't like it?
查尔斯王子说他们对建筑的了解 Prince Charles from royal family said they knew more
要比我对建筑的了解多得多 about architecture than I could ever know.
于是 这一定与假哥特式建筑有关 Consequently, it must be relating to the pseudo-Gothic clock,
假哥特式建筑 这听起来有点愤世嫉俗 and the pseudo-Gothic, it sounds a little cynical
左边的就是他们建造的 on the left side. And that's really what they built.
到此为止 So that was the last course.
我们讨论了一些其他的令人不开心的事 So we talked about something else so would not happy.
这里是一个对于三角形的研究 Here is an investigation of the triangle, but also the triangle,
但即使是三角 他们之间也有不同 something tell it different, just for a moment,
这幅图中立体的部分不是特多 not space so much for the solid. In this case,
这里是一座金字塔 一个四角结构 the pyramid, a pyramid being four-points minimum,
一个点在空间中 另外三个在地上 one point in space, three others on the ground
任由你喜好调整方向 turning in the way you like.
离心率研究上的进步使之成为可能 And the advance of eccentricity was possible which
而在古埃及这是不可能的 the Egyptians wouldn't be able to do at that time of Geopus.
因此 现在我们可以做些不同的事 So now we could do different things,
我曾建议华盛顿的罗斯福 and I propose this for
纪念碑采取这种设计 Franklin Roovano Roosevelt
但是我并没有成功 memorial in Washington, again I didn't succeed.
但是这些动物形状的雕塑之间的 But the relationship of these sculptural things on line
关系就是一种对话 of animals are a dialogue between such forms,
可以做的还有很多 and so much more could be done.
但我并不认为如果在建筑中付诸实践 But I don't think translated into buildings,
它们会像白色大理石一样长久保留 they should stay, just like white marble.
将之付诸实践或者用于决定 It's a mistake to transmit into practical or to
哪里是电梯 哪里是厕所是错误的 decide where are the elevators, where are the toilets,
我认为 一些特定的因素表明 I think certain elements open and suggest,
有一场关于空间和立体的对话 there is a dialogue in terms of space in terms of solidity.
我并不能很好地理解 I didn't understand that properly.
我对此感到异常兴奋 I was so excited by this.
我想我能为之做任何事情 I thought I could do it for anything.
从某种角度讲它引领我去做一些有趣的事 In a way it led me to do some interesting things.
但是现在回首 我想它理应受到尊敬 But if I look back now, I think this should be respected
因为立体 根本上因为立体 for solids, basically for solids.
不要说我们的想法多么疯狂 Not say, what a crazy idea we can
从中建造出一座摩天大楼然后失去纯粹性 make a high-rise skyscraper out of it, and lose the purity,
失去空间和联系 and lose the space and relationship and come down to
着手进行设计 设计各种装饰 大理石 tiny floor plan, planning on restrictions and some marble thing.
它应该是自由的 这种艺术的构建者 It should be free, this type of art-constructors, I begin the idea,
艺术的构建者和艺术家 我学到了很多 art-constructors and artists, I learnt a lot, I am an engineer,
我是工程师 我学到了很多 我十分喜欢踏进 I learnt a lot. But I would love love love to enter this
这个静默的艺术世界 它在静默中私语 world of art that is silent. It speaks in silent,
什么也不用解释 you don't have to explain anything, but let's again,
可是 我又输了比赛 competition, I lost. So this in pieces of this influence
对于这种艺术 我想帮助这种情感 in the art I would love to be able to help this emotion
在建筑上地付诸实践 差不多已经快成功了 coming into this architecture, could just about to do it,
就好像在讲堂里的盲人 it's a blind inside a lecture hall,
屋顶上的圆形剧场 and the amphitheatre on the roof,
更多的非立体物品 不需要窗户 more less solid things that don't need windows and so on.
虽然没有太多的抗争 Not too much fighting,
但我仍觉得对此耿耿于怀 but still I am not too comfortable about it.
这是我们设计的学生会 But here is what we did in the Students' Union
旧金山州立学生会大厦 San Francisco State Student Union,
有两个金字塔 都是倾斜的 working with 2 pyramids, both inclined,
都是截面的 偏心的 both truncated, both eccentric.
有时它们之间相互关联 And it was to do with it at certain times,
当让 在设计过程中必须要有规则 there must be disciplines designing this of course,
我们希望它是嵌入式的 一个是横截面 and how we want it inserted, one is truncated vertically,
一个是纵截面 and the other one is truncated horizontally.
其中一个在背面有开口 One of them is opened with a back,
于是成为了圆形剧场 So it becomes an amphitheater.
令一个只是静默沉思 Another one is only for silence.
一个给喧闹 一个给静默 One for sound, one for silence.
那个时代见证了 This was a time that witnessed
嬉皮士文化的高峰 the high point of the hippie culture,
嬉皮士就是我的受众 and the hippies were my clients.
他们是学校的大学生 学生会 They were the students in the school, the Students' Union.
和学生们有一种自发性的对话 And with students, there was a dialogue spontaneity,
对于做一些事的激动 some excitement about doing something
过去从没有过这种工程 也不会有 that has never been done before, or would have,
这里是一个设计图 So here is a floor plan,
三角形看起来并不那么好 the triangle is not happy as a floor plan at all.
或许六角形会好一点 Maybe the hexagonal condition is a little bit better,
但也并不很令人满意 but not too happy about it.
我们做成了 我想说这有多好多好 We did this and I'd love to say how great and so on.
但是 实话实说 我是个诚实的人 But to be absolutely honest. This is an honest architect;
我想今天我会以一种不同的方式做这件事 I think I would have done that differently today.
但不管怎么说 我都为它感到骄傲 But still I'm proud of it.
这就是两个金字塔 Here are the 2 pyramids which we have an idea,
在左边的一个相对较封闭 the one on the left which is more or less closed,
但是顶端是指向北极星的 but initially with the point at the star Pahlavi's,
它与地球的转动有关 it has relationship to the revolving of the earth.
在右边的是给声音的 The one on the right to the sound inside which makes
它可以使舞台上的声音达到最大 as much sound and for theater on the stage, actually I've never
但我却从没见它用作舞台 但也常有人用 seen it used as a stage, but used for people, absolutely.
但是这个关于金字塔的科学的观点 But this idea of a pyramid science,
绝对的金字塔科学 听起来与 absolute science of pyramid sound that you like
当时的氛围相契合 was the mood of the time, a program.
这里是我喜欢的人性 So here was humanity which I love,
人们喜欢的相互之间的关系 尽管他的建筑 the relationship of people enjoying. Even if, again,
又像艺术中心一样被诋毁 被毁灭 his building is being molested and ruined like the Art Institute,
但事实是 在一定程度上 but the fact is that in a way
它一直以来都深受人们喜爱 it is loved and enjoyed continuously.
我猜它是一个反馈 我说 I guess it's a feedback. And I say,
我并不是说有的人不应该接触或者 I'm not arguing that someone should not touch or work
设计这种形式的艺术 我想说的是 on art or anything like that. What I am saying is that
我对人类之间的关系有了很大的认识 I learnt so much of the relationship with human beings,
我们并不那么做 每一本建筑杂志 and we don't do that, every architectural magazine,
每一个建筑模型 每一座建筑本身 every architectural model and every architecture
都没有人类的痕迹 is without human being's photograph,
没有人类参与的自由 梦幻的空间 always without human beings, desired, aired, computerized space.
我喜欢这样 看人类怎样利用各种东西 I love this, seeing how human beings use of something.
他们的关系如何 How are their relations, like birds,
他们如何规划自己等等 how they space themselves and so on.
因此 我说 在这里我感到享受 So I say I enjoy something here, which in a way
要让自己的作品达到这一点需要变革 a little evolution to reach this point in my own work,
但并不是自己闭门造车 but not in isolation, absolutely not,
而是从他人身上吸取经验 coming out of record of other people,
以一种间接地方式学习 learning very indirectly,
但是仍在向他人学习 but still learning from engineering.
这就是支撑系统 它是纯粹的 换言之 Get this support system, it's pure, in other words,
如果不进一步发展 if it wasn't carried any further.
那是可以给人展示的工程学 It's really good presentable engineering,
利用自然力建设而成 sites make natural forces, very very well engineered,
它们由于有这些支撑点和金字塔 and very very well handled which would have to be
而制作精良 because of these centers and the eccentricity of the pyramid,
但基本上 三角式 but basically I would say the triangulation
在结构上美轮美奂 但在空间上很难处理 is a wonderful thing in structure, very difficult in space,
但那是令人享受的过程 but so enjoyable, so enjoyable.
我们有准备工作 These are casts on the job side,
这就是我们做所的准备工作 pre-cast right on the job side
我们用钢铁连接 with only steel connections.
我会更详细地阐述我们的一些应对手段 I'll explain more about the size with the forces we handled.
因为我们后来在顶端的集中点很大 Because we got big eccentricities coming later on top.
这是建筑的内部 正在建设之中 But here from inside as it's being under construction.
我们根据数学原理进行三角测量 Or triangulated on the mathematical principle
这必须丝毫不差 which can't be violated, for, you know,
这是数学和建筑学的结合 mathematical architectural conditions. A very thin,
瘦小但夸张 它完全不承重 but hyperbolic to show that it doesn't take any load,
这是在对角线上稍有承重 except that the diagonal concrete that takes the load.
我们希望人们能看见它并喜欢上它 We want people to see that, and enjoy that.
因此 它非常瘦小 像敏拜寺一样 So there we go. Very thin, minbarin, but in the interior,
但在内部 所有的结构都如行云流水般顺畅 allowing the structure to follow all the way through inside
并且能够为人理解 and be understandable inside. So here they are,
我们先回头看看 对不起 不是这张 let's go back, I made a mistake. These are, again, I made a mistake.
这是人群 是我的观众 是我的服务对象 These are the people, the client, and I really serving them,
他们在用心理解 这就是作为一个个体 or trying to understand. And there is the happy balance between
得到群体的尊重所感到幸福感 being an individual and respecting a large collective of people,
这意味着你要懂得那个时代的心情 Which meant understanding the mood of that particular time,
我认为它根本就不存在 I think that doesn't exist
或者是我到今天依然一知半解 or I find fragmental or parts now, today.
但在那时是这样的 未来是奇妙多彩的 But at that time, it was, the future was something so incredible
是积极向上 是充满挑战的 and something so positive, and something full of challenge
人们又千万种方式可以做实验 and all kinds of ways in which one could experiment,
做实验 仅仅是做实验 experiment, just experiment.
如果他做了实验 并且失败了 他会被原谅 If one experimented and failed, he'll be forgiven.
因此 有些失败了 有些成功了 So some of these failed, and some of these worked,
但是在所有的建筑中都有一种爱 but there is a kind of love in the resulting building,
我找到了这种爱 即便它常常被误用 I found this kind of love, even if it's violated, misused,
或者被重新解读 想到这些我就心痛 or horribly remodeled. It hurts very much to go there,
有时 这并不伤害其他人 sometimes it doesn't hurt other people.
我想讲讲Frank Wright 因为我想他 I return now to Frank Wright, cause I missed him
我没有公正地对待这位伟大的建筑师 and I didn't do justice to this great man
他开创了一个新时代 他是一个伟大的人 who branched another epoch, but a great man.
是他将我带到美国 And he is the man who brought me to America
如果不是他 我永远也不会来美国 or I would never come to America otherwise.
在我在苏黎世积累了工程师经验后 Pretty much after my engineering experience in Zurich,
我是一名工程学学生 然后我拜在Wright门下 after I was an engineering student, I came to Wright,
他带我来美国 and Wright brought me to America.
当然像所有实习生一样 And I went of course, like all the other apprentices,
又是实习生 apprentice again, and tell this.
我认为唯一不同的就是 The only difference I suppose was I knew
我比其他学生掌握更多的工程学知识 a little bit more about engineering than the other students.
Wright是一个伟大的人 一个伟大的朋友 And Wright was such a great man and such a great friend.
我只想讲讲关于他的几件事 And I want to tell just a few things about him.
其实他的故事有很多 There are very very many.
我们在沙漠中 我第一次遇见他 We now arrived in the desert, I saw him for the first time,
我初来乍到 想知道住哪 I just arrived. I wanted to know where would be my place,
把行李放在哪 where would I put my truck and suitcase,
在哪里安顿下来 where I put my things,
他只是看着我说 and he just looked at me right in the eye and said,
你不是想成为一名建筑师么? you want to become an architect, don't you?
那么就出去给自己建造一座房子吧 Then go out and build yourself a place.
这主意太棒了 人们这样做了 It was so nice, and that's what people did. And eventually
最后我在意大利建造了自己的房子 I did that in Italian under the Superstition Mountains.
重要的是 But the point was that,
Wright使我认识了大自然 Wright introduced me to nature and understanding,
是我了解他的想法 比方说对沙漠的想法 an understanding that he had for desert for example,
或者他在威斯康辛的家 or his family home in Wisconsin.
他家位于美丽的山间 他叫它Tania The beautiful hill top he called Tania,
那是威斯康辛真正的Tania the real Tania in Wisconsin.
Tania代表开明的一代 The Tania meant the enlightened one,
Tania代表熠熠生辉的面孔 Tania meant the shining brow.
这是从他来自威尔士的祖父身上来的 And this came from the Welsh grandfather,
他祖父从威尔士来到美国 his Welsh grandfather who migrated to America,
他带来了很多奇闻异事 he brought some of the grand yarn,
壮丽的大开拓时代 the greatest of the pioneering time,
那时他只身一人来到这片土地 in which a man arrived as an individual made his way
靠土地闯出一条路 by working with the soil.
他牢记这些 他将这些传承下去 And he remembers this and he continued with it.
他对于石头有一种真正的理解和热爱 And he has a real love and understanding of stone,
还有树木 但是对金属就少一点 wood, less metal and
而对工程则完全没有 impossible with engineering.
很难解释这意味着什么 It's very difficult to explain what it means.
这意味着我喜欢他做的某些事 It means that I love some certain things that he is doing,
我的工作要求我们 and I have the job we all went
接触各种不同的建筑 to different forms of construction
我去了约翰逊制蜡公司 I went out on the Johnson Wax,
在户外工作 and worked out on the fields that Johnson Wax.
有时也在办公室里 在承包商办公室帮他 Also in the office, in the contractor's office helping him,
帮承包商 helping the contractor, and there
在那里我看到了自己不能接受的事 I saw things which I just could not accept.
工程工作做得很差劲 There is a bad bad bad engineering that only
一切只是表面看上去很好 to support something that it looks good.
并不可以以我不是工程师 That's no excuse to say that well I am not an engineer,
工程师会做好的为借口 and the engineer can take care of it.
根本就不是那样的 It's not like that at all.
我感觉一名建筑师必须为工程师负责 I felt an architect must be responsible for the engineering,
基本的原则 细节 以及整个的流程 the basic principles and detailing, the follow-through
而工程师个不为整个建筑负责 and the evolution engineering isn't responsible of the architect.
但是 事实是 他是如此伟大的一个人 Nevertheless, the fact was that he was such a great man and
他只属于历史 因此 我要再讲讲他 belongs to history that's why I can pitch him just a little bit..
周日早晨 和Le Cobusier在的时候一样 In the Sunday mornings, we would like Le Cobusier,
Le Cobusier是在周六早上和我们坐下聊天 with Le Cobusier, on Saturday morning, sat down and chat,
现在我们在周日早晨 and now, we do on Sunday morning.
周日早晨 我们在沙漠吃早餐 Sunday mornings have breakfast in the desert,
或者在威斯康辛 the same thing in Wisconsin, both desert in Wisconsin,
在那里我们有空调 因此 had powers and air-conditions, so the climate is entirely
气候完全不同 因此 我们有不同的材料 different, one is very dry, so we use different materials.
沙漠里的石头和威斯康辛的石头是不同的 The stone is different in the desert from the stones in Wisconsin
他尊重并了解这一切 He respects that and understood it
他用石头做了很多精彩的作品 He did very good things with stone,
精彩的作品 excellent things with stone.
因此 我们坐在石头上 这是石头的空间 So we were sitting in the stone, stone space,
我们像和尚一样坐着 围着一张长桌 sitting around like monks in a way, long tables around.
Wright总是让我们先吃早餐 And Wright would always let us have a breakfast now.
然后放松心情 在桌边坐下 Relax a little, stay at the breakfast table,
在桌子的玻璃面上轻轻敲敲茶匙 then tack with these teaspoon a little bit on the glass and so on
或者刀子 or a knife on the glass, and they would
然后我们都会安静下来 不再说话 all quiet down a little bit, not talking so much.
这就是他有趣的一面了 And here came out what was really interesting about him,
从某种角度看非常有趣 就好像 incredibly interesting in a way that's rather like the way
Le Cobusier说话一样 师傅对徒弟 Le Cobusier talk, it's a master to apprentice,
一种师徒关系 a master to apprentice relationship.
没有任何教科书 完全没有 Not writing article, absolutely not.
但它能使你走进 But allowing someone to enter the feeling
一位大师的内心世界 and the heart of a great master.
例如 一次 Wright 说 So Wright would say, for example, one occasion for example,
一天他说 “昨晚我做了一令人不安的梦 one morning he said I had quite a disturbing dream
我想和大家分享 last night and I would like to share it with you.
我梦到我又和沙利文在一起 I dreamt again that I was with Sullivan.
我梦到我又和沙利文在一起” I dreamt again I was with Sullivan,
这个梦使他想起了 And that brought back to the days
给大师沙利文当学徒的日子 when he was an apprentice to a great master who is Sullivan,
而现在我是他的学徒 这是一种延续 continuity, an evolutional continuity for me.
他记得那些日子 And he remembers those days.
它们在梦中真实地重现 And they came back vividly in a dream.
这是他在一个周日的早晨对我们说的 He said that in a Sunday morning.
这个梦包括了他最后一次去看望沙利文 And that dream incorporated his last visit to Sullivan,
那时沙利文穷困潦倒 贫病交加 when Sullivan was destitute, had no work, sick,
没有钱治病 no way of paying for medical expense or anything like that,
处境窘迫 in a very bad shape.
Wright那时已经做得非常好了 Wright was then doing pretty well,
他去看沙利文 but visited him as
因此Wright记得最后那次探望 So Wright remembered that last visit and he wanted
他想做点什么来帮助沙利文 他发现 to do something to help Sullivan, and he found it.
他可以买沙利文的画 He would buy from Sullivan his drawings,
因此 他想到了一个办法 so he made this great proposal.
他可以买沙利文的画 给沙利文钱 He would buy the drawings of Sullivan, and pay Sullivan
这样他就有钱看病了 so he would have a little money for medical expenses.
之后Wright说 And then what happened was that Wright said now very much later,
因为这个梦 我要用这些画做些事情 I should do something with these drawings because of the dream.
我要给沙利文写一本书 I should make a book of Sullivan and write a little bit.
这本书就叫<<天才与暴民>> And that book would be called Genius and Mobacracy.
<<天才与暴民>>他写成了这本书 Genius and Mobacracy. And he write that book,
之后不久 在芝加哥 那时我也在芝加哥 and very shortly afterwards, in Chicago, when I was in Chicago,
他受Bill Hardman之邀 he was invited by Bill Hardman
Bill Hardman实际上是我的项目经理 who was the project manager for me actually,
他在国际建筑师协会(AIA)也是重要人物 and who was also an important man in AIA.
它们要搞一场关于沙利文的展览 They would have an exhibition on Sullivan,
邀请Wright去AIA 他同意出席 and invite Wright to the AIA meeting, and he would come,
他确实出席了 而Bill Hardman想让他发言 and he did come. And Bill Hardman wanted him to talk,
给大家介绍一下沙利文 or tell people a little bit about Sullivan.
根本就不是这样 It wasn't like that at all.
因为他的梦他才同意登上讲台的 Because he had this dream, so he came onto the platform,
当人们要求他讲讲沙利文的时候 and when he was asked to talk about Sullivan,
他神情凝重地看着台下的众多观众 he looked very severely to the big audience,
大约有六七百人 six or seven hundred of people in Chicago room,
他说 “你们杀了沙利文 and said, you killed Sullivan,
你们差点也杀了我” and you nearly killed me,
然后头也不回地走了 and walked straight out.
就是这样 That was it.
因此 在天才和极端总是有联系 So there is a relationship between usage and extreme,
我想再讲讲 但是这样会一直讲下去 I want to tell a bit more but it would just go on and on and on,
还有很多这样的故事 but there were many more of these stories,
他发现自己根本不喜欢Le Cobusier he found out after a while that he did not like Le Cobusier at all.
因此 他叫他 “Cobusa” He said, perfect I heard about your work about Cobusa. And
他说 “非常好 我听说你很了解Cobusa So he called him “Cobusa”.
Paffard将Cobusa做过的 after that, he said, Paffard, write a list that Cobusa has done,
而我和沙利文没做过的事都列出来 that Sullivan and I hadn't done before.
每个人都这样告诉我 Everyone told me that
我应该交给他一张白纸 I should just give him a blank sheet of paper,
但是我并没有那样做 那是一种讽刺 but I never did, that was kind of a sarcastic.
但不管怎么说 那种层面上没有那种关系 But anyway there was no relationship in that level at all.
与Niece Fandero也没有 And neither was with Niece Fandero,
再讲一个关于Niece Fandero的故事 and one more story about Niece Fandero.
Niece在芝加哥有工作 Niece had a job, a ring modeling job actually in Chicago
在芝加哥艺术家俱乐部是一栋两层建筑 of the artist club, which was a 2-story construction,
除了楼梯 他没有什么可做的 and he has nothing to do except the staircase.
他造了一个非常美丽的楼梯 He made a beautiful beautiful staircase.
芝加哥艺术家俱乐部 那是个杰作 If anybody knows the artist club in Chicago. It's a masterpiece,
同样是在严格地按照原则设计的 again, again designed with the extreme discipline,
很漂亮 在某种意义上 很有禅宗的味道 so beautiful, so minimum, so Zen, in a way.
人们还去楼上的餐厅 The men still going to the upper level with a dining room is,
我和一位SOM的客人也在那里 and I was in that dining room, with a client of SOM,
还有SOM的一位项目经理 and a project manager of SOM.
我们坐在那里 并不知道发生了什么 We were sitting down, we didn't know what was going on,
我们只是在吃饭 just having a normal meal,
但是我们听见外面的大厅传来很大的声音 but having a big noise going on in the lobby down below,
我们走到楼梯那里 and we had this thumping up a staircase,
有人正从楼梯上上来 那是Frank Wright someone's going up the staircase, it was Frank Wright.
和几个交际花在一起 He's coming out with some society ladies, who was
她们在说服他想一个项目投资 trying to encourage him to invest a building.
他边走边大声说 And coming up the staircase he said very loud,
你们再干什么 把我带上消防通道了么? what are you doing? Bring me up the fire escape?
当他进来的时候 So anyway, what happened was when he came in.
情形很是尴尬 因为我的忠诚 It was so embarrassing, because my loyalty,
我的忠诚瞬间崩塌 这使我发疯 my split loyalty, which makes people mad.
我对他的忠诚 我的客户还在桌上 My loyalty was to him and my client at the table.
Wright坐在那 他能看见我 And there was Wright sitting down, and he could see me,
我也能看见他 and I could see him.
他被一些交际花簇拥着 And he was surrounded with some society ladies
他神采奕奕 神清气爽 and was so shining and mood.
他简单地说 你们付给我设计费 He said very simply, you pay me for the designing fees,
我就会负责这个建筑 and I'll take care of the construction.
这是很不专业 很轻浮的 Something was very unprofessional and so charlotte
就在那张桌上 going on at that table,
我们对新建筑那样认真 and we were so serious about new construction,
非常重视绝对专业 诚实等等 about being absolutely professional, honest and so on.
我看着他 他看着我 他认出了我 And I looked at him and he looked at me, and he recognized me.
我坐过去 眼泪在眼眶里打转 I went over to him, I was in tears,
但我确实是既尴尬又伤心 but I was really so embarrassed and so sad in a way
我对他的忠诚瞬间崩塌了 that I let go of my loyalty to him.
非常好 他说 没什么的Paffard It is very good, he said, that's all right Paffard,
但如果你做错事了 我还会批评你 but if you do something really bad, I will spike you.
我今天的讲话差不多就到此为止了 This is very close to the end of my dialogue.
我们再回来看看革命性的原则 And here comes back again to the evolutionary principle.
我想请大家看看这个 Now I want you to look at this,
我十分兴奋地原因是 Why am I so excited is because science is advancing
现在科学在飞速进步我深知如此 very much now daily,
因为我有两个儿子都是通过基因技术出生的 and I know this because I got 2 sons in genetics.
例如基因的信息表达 在微观层面上 In the messages of the genes for example, microscopic level,
这是一个新领域 当然从达尔文开始 and an area which is relatively new, certainly since Darwin,
从Frank Wright开始 certainly since Frank Wright.
关于自然的构造的新观点 A new idea of how nature really is in its construction,
当然 我对这些形态感兴趣 and of course, I'm interested in the form.
我从这些形态中学到了很多 Yes I learnt a lot from the forms,
接受这一点会显得很肤浅 and that can be superficial to accept that.
但我们看右手边 But look on the right hand side,
二十个一模一样的三角形 The construct of 20 identical triangles,
表面是蛋白质 surfaces made out of protein, constructed,
整个结构由细菌构成 there was a total construction of virus.
基因在里面 蛋白质显示了神经 The gene inside , the protein show census coming out.
大多数人知道细菌的繁殖方式 我们恨细菌 Most people know the game of the virus and we hate viruses,
我接受这种观点 但是这种结构 okay, I accept that. But when was this built
是何时第一次建成的 大概二十亿年前 for the first time? like 2,000 million years ago,
问题完美地解决了 that problem was solved
今天还可以重复这种结构 and so good it could be repeated today.
这是简单又革命性的 That is something simplicity and evolution
在一定程度上会延续 at certain level continue,
星系系统在另一种规模上也是如此 maybe the system of the galaxies on the other scale.
在某种程度上 这种延续性一直继续 There is the consistency in a certain level which goes on
几百万年 几千万年 几亿年 millions and millions and millions and millions.
但是 给我留下深刻印象的还有 But what is also very impressive to me is that
作为建筑师 我们有时认为自己很伟大 when sometimes with architect, we think how great we are,
我们做了伟大的事 有了新的发明创造 what big things we do, what new things we do,
这个容器的大小是钢盔的一千倍 this container is the size of, 1,000 the size of the tin hat.
问题被解决了 And the problem is solved.
在几百万年中 它被屡次重复应用 So much that it can be repeated and used for millions of years.
以建筑师的身份再试一次 Try that as an architect.
我想谈谈我做的事情 So now I just say what I am doing now
我不想给大家讲太多 and I don't show you very much.
时间不多了 Time is running out. I am very much in the area
自然常常带给我无限的灵感 of being inspired by this level of nature.
我想我们说的太多了 I think also we talk too much, we just come
我们刚从AIA的一个大会上下来 from a big convention in Monterrey, AIA, a conference.
我看见很多人像我一样 And there we saw people talking
对着疲倦的观众滔滔不绝 like I with boring stuff,
有时候观众的确很疲倦 在听别人讲的时候 sometimes boring stuff. Hearing people talk, I say,
我会说 为什么不让艺术品自己说话呢 Why not let a work of art speak by itself,
在静默中自我表达 speak by itself in silence?
今天我给大家提供这样的机会 And I offer this
就是这样 谢谢大家 That is all, thank you very much.
学生: 你是怎么设计出这么多作品的? Student: How can you design so many works of art?
因为我的生活中没有点 只喝井水 cause I live without electricity, water from the well,
我生活在一种古老的文化中 and I live with a culture which is very very old.
但是从那里 我来到了纽约 But still from that point, I am in New York,
我来到了瑞士 后来又去了德国 I am in Switzerland, I just went off to Germany,
但我总是会回去 but I always go back , go back to something
回到一些古老的 基本的东西上去 that is very old, very very basic.
非常感谢 Thank you very much.