让我们开始吧 Let's go ahead and get started,
我非常激动能请Douglas Gauthier and I'm thrilled that we have Douglas Gauthier
重新回到旧金山 here back to San Francisco.
他几年前曾居住在旧金山 He used to live in San Francisco years ago
现在常住纽约 and now he's a diehard New Yorker.
我关注他的作品很长一段时间了 And I've been following his work for quite some time,
2006年12月 他们名为Burst*的项目 but in December of 2006, their project called Burst
上了大都会的封面 was on the cover of Metropolis,
非常好的一篇文章 and with a wonderful article.
我觉得Douglas以及他的作品 I thought that Douglas and the work that
他同他的伙伴 he's been doing with his partner
SYSTEMarchitects的Jeremy Edmiston Jeremy Edmiston with SYSTEMarchitects,
合作的作品 我们真应该也请他 we really ought to bring him out to
来加州大学的艺术建筑 California College of the Arts Architecture.
我认为他们的作品融合了 I think their work is at the intersection of
许多交流与探索 so many of the conversations and explorations
正是我们现在在研究的关于数字模型 that we do here in regards to digital modeling
数字制造 大规模定制 and digital fabrication, mass customization,
同时也关于我们以及大家的利益 but also our interest and your interest really,
全体学生 涉及大量生产 the student body, in mass production,
预先制作的房屋 以及组件 pre-fab housing, and components.
我认为SYSTEMarchitects的作品 I think that the work of SYSTEMarchitects,
很少的团队之一将自己的作品定位于 one of the very few groups that are situating
非常精通数字技术 their work and are very digitally savvy,
但也没有用制造过程来 and yet are not using the fabrication processes to
生成建筑本身的 generate the aesthetic or the agenda of
美学效果或是设定效果 the architecture itself, and so are finding,
我相信这是一个 I believe, a nice marriage between
数字工程同制造或是原型设计工程 the digital work and the fabrication,
之间完美的结合 or prototyping work.
我觉得关于这一特点的 What I think is quite interesting and
非常有趣以及极好的就是 was wonderful about this feature,
它以这种方式提供了关于 was that it was both providing ideas of a critique
这项工程的批评建议 and the weaknesses of working in this manner,
以及优缺点 and also the strengths.
同时我希望Douglas能 And so its my hope that Douglas will
都谈到这几点 be able to address both of these issues.
他们的作品处于 Their work takes on, or exists
原型的领域里 in the realm of, the prototype.
我认为这是令我们很激动的事 And this I think is something very exciting for us.
而且这些原型带来了 And the prototype comes with exactly that,
优点及缺点 with strengths and weaknesses.
因此我想我们今晚一定会 So I'm sure we'll be hearing more about
听到更多关于这个项目的内容 that this evening, and the project,
这个项目叫做Burst once again called Burst*, will be showing up
也会在一些场馆展出 in some very exciting other venues as well,
让我们拭目以待 so lets keep our eyes open for that.
并且Burst*曾刊登于时代杂志 As well Burst* was published in Time Magazine
作为2005年的房屋创新者 as the Housing Innovators of 2005
获得了2006年的 R.E.I.A Wilkonson大奖 and was awarded the 2006 R.E.I.A.
以及澳大利亚木材涉及大奖 Wilkonson award and an Australian Timber Design Award.
在介绍一下Douglas A bit more about Douglas.
System Architects现在是主要的Active Shafts System Architects is currently leading Active Shafts,
同Bureau Happold合作的研究项目 a collaborative research project with Bureau Happold,
资金来源于 funded through a grant from
美国能源部的拨款 the US Department of Energy.
2006年时 他们进入了以下比赛的决赛 In 2006 they were finalists in
the Ferrace Park房屋比赛 the Ferrace Park Housing competition, the Syracuse
the Syracuse Connective Corridor城市设计比赛 Connective Corridor Urban Design competition,
以及历史频道的 未来城市 and the History Channel "City of the Future:
设计与工程比赛 "A design and engineering challenge."
他们也被引用在许多报刊杂志 They have been the recipients of various other
包括2004年一月的大都会杂志 citations including the January 2004 Metropolis
名为不久的将来的城市项目 "City of the Near Future Project,"
并赢得了 and winning entries for both
2004年纽约新房屋比赛 the 2004 New Housing NY competition,
2003年追寻一个家的比赛 and 2003 Seek a HOMEhouse competition.
你会发现他们非常活跃 You can tell they've been very active.
2000年他们获得了建筑联盟的 In 2000 they were awarded the Architecture League
建筑是大奖 凭借了名为第二自然的系列项目 Architect's Award for the series called Second Nature,
2001年及2003年他们进入 and in 2001 and 2003 they were finalists for
P.S.1.现代艺术博物馆 the P.S.1. Museum of Modern Art Summer
夏季青年建筑师热身项目的决赛 Warm-Up Young Architect's Program.
1994年Douglas是捷克斯拉夫共和国 In 1994 Douglas was a Fulbright architectural scholar
富布莱特奖学金获得者 to the Czech and Slavic Republics
因为他的名为 平行的现代主义 for his research entitled "Parallel Modernism:
在前东方正营的建筑实践的研究项目 Building practices in the former East bloc."
因为关于平行现代主义的研究 For this research on parallel modernism
他获得了来自格兰德基金会以及 he received grants from the Grand foundation
纽约艺术委员会的拨款 and the New York Council on the Arts.
在共同建立SYSTEMarchitects之前 And prior to co-founding SYSTEMarchitects
他的实验性作品获得了 his experimental work received a 1999 Berlin
1999年柏林建筑大奖 以及1998年引用建筑杂志的 Architecture prize and a 1998 Citation Architecture
设想建筑大奖 Magazine's Visionary Architecture Award.
除了这些活动外 As well as all of these endeavors,
Douglas也积极涉足教育领域 Douglas is actively involved with education and
曾任教并仍在授课于 has taught and continues to teach and lecture
包括加州大学在内的许多学校 at numerous schools including Columbia,
帕森斯学院 耶鲁 普林斯顿 Parsons, Yale and Princeton.
因此请同我一起欢迎 So please join me in welcoming
来自System Architects的Douglas Gauthier Douglas Gauthier of System Architects.
真是非常热烈的欢迎 That's kind of an incredible welcome.
就我个人而言 And just on a personal note, I'm really,
我真的非常高兴能回到这里 really happy to be back here because
因为这是我第一次教书的地方 this is the first place I ever taught.
David Metgo在我上研究生之前聘请我 David Metgo hired me before I went to graduate school,
事实上我在这教绘画 actually, and I was teaching drawing here
我不会告诉大家是多久之前 I won't tell you how long ago
现在David的儿子都上大学了 now David's son is in college,
这就是不同 so that's the difference.
他们提到了很多作品 Tom mentioned a great deal of work,
很多项目 a great deal of projects that we've done
都是我们在过去十年里的做的 over the last ten years, since I've returned
自从我回到柏林同Jeremy Edmiston一起 from Berlin and founded SYSTEMarchitects
建立了SYSTEMarchitects 让我很快把这弄好 with Jeremy Edmiston. Let me get this set up quickly.
今晚我很高兴能做的就是 What I'm happy to do tonight is,
常常我做的一些演讲都是关于 usually a lot of the lectures that I've been doing
我做了什么 准备做什么 例如 or have done, tend to be, like,
我所做的所有事 "everything I've ever done."
所有正在发生的事 Every thing that's ever been happening,
所有比赛 所有文章 every competition, every article,
所有研究项目 每一个细节 every research project, every piece of the puzzle.
我很高兴 I'm very happy with this sort of,
Burst*能得到这些关注 attention that the Burst* project has got,
以为这些项目之一 because it's one of these projects that
在以前有段时间 at one point in time we had four houses
办公室桌上有四个房屋设计 on the table in the office and the Burst
Burst*的是最不吸引人的 was the least interesting one.
它最小 钱最少 距离最远 It was the smallest, the least amount of money, the
是建于澳大利亚的一个原型 furthest away. It was a prototype built in Australia.
是唯一留存的 And it's the only one that survived.
但是在建立之后的五年至今 But those five years since its inception has given it
它被反复摸索 it's been touched and rubbed and looked at
反复思考 仔细观察之后 and thought about and looked at again
任然具有生命力 and it still has life.
似乎他最新的活力 It seems that its latest life,
我希望它有 就是部分来源于 number four of the nine I hope it has,
对组合房屋配件预先制造的关注 is that it's part of the interest in prefabrication.
提到组合房屋配件预先制造 When it comes to prefab I'd say that
我们更多关心的是 we're probably much, much more interested in
建造 而不是 预先 the "fab" than the "pre."
但是你会发现一件事 But one of the things that you'll find
如果你开始研究这方面 if you start doing research in this is that
就是预先制造中有很多失败 there are a great many failures in prefab, you know
如果你建造一个 就是预先制造中的一个失败 if you build one, that's a failure in prefabrication.
如果以建造了一千个 你就成了Eichler If you build a thousand, you're Eichler,
你就成功了 and that's a success.
但这也不是完全相同的事 But that isn't quite the same thing.
但我想如果回顾预先建造的历史 But I think when you look in the history of prefab
你就会开始理解这是建筑的转折点 you start to understand that it is a turning point
在某些方面 or place for architecture, in some ways it's the
这是年轻公司在没有客户时做的第一个项目 first project young offices do without a clients,
也是你第一次可以实际 and it's the first time when you're actually able
关注于建筑问题 to gather your head around the architectural issues
家庭方面 结构 环境 of domesticity, structure, environment
以及相关的项目 and the programs that are associated with it.
因此今晚 So what tonight is, I'm showing probably
我将展示五六个不同项目 I'm showing five or six different projects all framed
都是关于预先建造 around this idea of the prefab.
这就是为什么我的讲座叫做 And that's why my lecture is called
收紧与放松 "Tightening and Loosening" because
因为我觉得那只是一个正式描述 I think that's not only a formal description,
它在某方面是一种工作方式 it's in some ways a manner of working,
我们公司正采用了这种方式 that the office has taken on.
因此要想知道你是收紧还是放松 So in order to know about whether you are tightening
你需要一个试验点 or loosening you need a registration point.
我知道你们都讨厌这个 I know you all hate this but I'm starting with
但我想从这两种原始小屋开始 two versions of the primitive hut,
左边我们有Lege的版本 on the left we have Lege and on the right
右边是Semper的版本 we have Semper's version of it.
在某种程度 预先建造的历史同 In some ways the history of prefab is tied into
这两者紧密相连 因为我觉得 those two because I think they relate
他们代表着两种不同的想法 directly to two different ideas.
一个是机械化伐木 One is the idea of mechanized lumber,
机械化的伐木 是宽四寸厚二尺的木材 mechanically cut lumber, which is the two by four.
这个结 很好的代表了 And the knot, which is best represented
Jean Prouve的作品 in the work of Jean Prouve.
以及这些 这个结 精确裁下的一块 And these, this knot, and the precision cut piece,
这是一系列的我所做的一些事中的一大半 it has a whole series of half lives which I'm going
同大家分享穿插在这个项目中的内容 to share with you interspersed with the project.
所以看这些可以动的殖民地小屋 So you see here you see the portable colonial cottages.
预先建造开始时很困难的 So just even saying when prefab began is difficult.
它是一个殖民地小屋或者是预先建造的 Is a colonial cottage a prefabricated thing?
这是Prouve的热带房屋的 And then the panelized system of
预制构件系统 the Prouve maison tropicale.
接着最后展示了 And then lastly sort of showing the dumbness of
2乘4的建筑 two by four construction which is everything
广泛使用于房屋以及家庭建筑中 in housing and domestic construction,
大量用于美国的家庭建筑中 mostly in domestic construction in America.
这个结的优雅之处 And the elegance of the knot,
以及这个结的潜力 or the potential of the knot.
我想在某方面 Burst* 代表了 So I think in some ways the Burst* represents
这两者的结合 the marriage of those two things.
达到这一结果并非易事 Now getting there wasn't an easy road.
Tom提到 我们也有平点 Tom mentioned we, like we have a flat spot on
P.S.1.比赛中失利了一次我们很不开心 our foreheads, we weren't happy to lose
我们要尝试第二次 the P.S.1. competition once, we had to do it twice.
第二次时 And the second time afterwards there was
我们发现在输了一场比赛后 something really nice about being criticed
被批评是件好事 after you lose a competition.
Terry Riley将我们叫到一边对我们说 Terry Riley took us aside and he said,
这是一项非常好的设计 非常好的设计 "It's a great project, it's a great project,
只可惜你们是第三个展示的 just you went third.
你必须认识到赢得比赛的人 You have to realize that people who win this
都是最后展示的人 competition are always the people who present last.
因为P.S.1的人 Because the people at PS One are only
都只对最新 最棒 最酷的感兴趣 interested in the latest and greatest and coolest.
因此第三个和第五个的区别 And that difference of whether you are going
就是获胜和 third or fifth is the difference of winning
失败的区别 or losing that competition."
这或许有些吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸 Now that's a little sour grapes for me,
但是这是件很有趣的事 所以他说的就是 but it's also a fun thing, and so what he said was,
你们最好找到实现这个想法的方法 "You'd better find a way to build this idea."
给大家讲解一下这个想法 So taking you through this idea,
这是我们第一次尝试不同想法 this was our first attempt at taking the different ideas.
P.S.1. 这是它的位置 So, P.S.1., this is the site where it's located.
基本上 我们想做的就是 Basically what we wanted to do was
将你升高 跨过这面墙 get you up and over the wall.
整个项目的理念就是 That was the whole idea of the program
连接墙面 was to bridge the wall.
在连接墙面时 And while bridging the wall,
它同一座桥一样提供了 it was providing the same way a bridge
很多经验和光亮 provides a great deal of experience and light,
它几乎是一个阴影制造机器 it's almost a shadow making machine.
这是附有阴影的桥的结构 So this is that shadowed-bridge structure,
还有项目绘图 以及下一层 with the program drawing and the next level
那里你能看到有条纹的地方 where you see where it's striped is where
就是可占用的地方 坚固的地方是就是阴影 it's occupiable, where it's solid is where it's shadow,
这些路径向上然后跨过它 and simply the paths going up and over it,
黄色的地方基本上是可跳舞的区域 the yellow parts are basically the danceable areas,
其他的一切都是阴影投射器 everything else is a shadow caster.
接下来弄清楚结构体系 And then figuring out the structural system, this is
这是我们第一次探寻木制结构 basically our first foray into the wood structure,
这种交织的结构 the sort of Constantined, woven structure that
创造出这种表面 would create this surface, and then
将它们固定在一起的是 what holds it all together is a series, is
一系列有张力的物体 由明黄色的塑料层面 a tension scan which is bright yellow plastic grading
以及明黄色的塑料施工围墙组成 and bright yellow plastic construction fence.
因此你能在这座桥上 So you are able to inhabit this bridge, both
和一杯饮料 或是在桥下散步乘凉 getting a drink and walking under it to cool off and
这是夏天纽约最大的派对 this is the biggest party in New York in the summer,
这是很少的地方之一 its actually one of the few places where
能让年轻建筑师有机会做他们想做的 young architects get a chance to do whatever they like
这展示了这个模型 and so this is showing that model and
以及上升和高于这个空间的透视图 the renderings of being up and above the space.
我和Jeremy都为Tschumi工作 And then, both Jeremy and I work for Tschumi,
因此我们置项目于不顾 so we can never let program alone.
因此这个项目不只关于跳舞 So the program goes beyond the dancing and beyond
你知道 夜店的项目一般是什么 you know, what's usually the program of a nightclub?
一般都是灯光 it's usually the lights, the music is
音乐由优秀的DJ负责了 taken care of by great DJs.
这里没有灯光 And there's no lights because it doesn't get dark
因为纽约夏天10点前都不会黑 in New York until ten o'clock in the summer.
因此这个项目需要将各种洒水装置结合起来 So the idea was to program it with all the various
因此DJ有了一个机械 sprinklers, so that the DJ had a mechanism for
能让人们以不同方式被弄湿 getting people wet in different ways.
无论是旋转式 喷射式 波动式 还是直线式 Whether it was the spinner or the spurter or the wave
它的编排就是要 or the wand, this choreography was what took up
将这座桥变成一个长期潮湿有雾的地方 so the bridge was a constant damp, misty space,
由第二项关于水的项目实现 made up by this second program of the water.
这是最后一张图 And this is simply the last image looking at it from
俯看这个水滑道 以及它的一部分 above seeing the water slide that was a part of it.
不这不是最后一张图 我说错了 No that wasn't the last image, I lied.
这是我们第一个 你们看得清吗 This is our first, are these, can you see this?
Alexander这是不是不聚焦 Is it out of focus Alexander?
不 它只是 大家对不起 No, it's just...sorry guys.
这应该是 There are usually a little,
应该更突出一些 these usually pop a little more.
这是我们如何做这一平面 This is simply that, what, how we make
你们会反复看到它 this surface and you'll see it again and again,
在某种程度 它是一个倾斜过程 is simply, it's in some ways it's a boo leaning
一个投射过程 关于网格的收紧与放松 process, a projection process, of the tightening and
关于结构要求 loosening of the grid, of the structural requirements,
你能在这编织样式中看到 which you see in the weave.
它基本上是从固定处倾斜出来 And it's basically boo leaned out of the solids
形成这一块 that make up the piece.
这是我们的创造 What was our invention
我们没有考虑Semper的作品 and we weren't thinking about Semper,
也没有考虑Prouve的作品 we weren't thinking about Prouve
我们只是考虑 we were simply thinking about
连接夹板的构置 the tectonics of connecting plywood.
夹板 其实如果你有钱 Plywood has, well if you spend money,
它有5 x 10的规格 it has a 5 x 10 sheet size,
也有4 x 8 it has a 4 x 8 the other way.
于是我们设计了这种结 这种连接方式 So we invented this knot, this connection,
就是X型固定夹 that was and has been the x-clip.
X型固定夹是 And that x-clip is at the heart of
整个构思的中心 this whole system of thinking.
非常抱歉 这些幻灯片效果不好 I'm really sorry about these slides,
我之前展示过 效果不一样 I've shown these before, in different...
我不是怪你们 Well, I don't want to blame you all
我想暗一点效果会好一些 I just think that a little darkness might help.
因此这是它的第二个反复 So this is the second iteration of that.
是我们实际建造它的地方 Which was where we actually got to build it,
我们沿用P.S.1 we took the P.S.1., and we basically took
我们基本上沿用了整个体系 the same system of instead of it being a horizontal
它不是水平的桥面 而成了一个展览平面 bridge surface it was a display surface.
同样的筋络结构 包括连接它的拉力面 Same system of the ribs with the tension skin
但是这里的构想是 connecting it, but what the idea was here
但是这是在室内 that was as an interiorist so that the idea
因此构想就是转变纽约建筑联盟的 was to transform the architecture of
建筑式样 the Architectural League in New York.
但是对于一个历史建筑 The thing was that with an historic building
你不能碰任何东西 你不能打一个钉子 you can't touch anything, you can't put in a screw,
不能上任何胶 you can't put in any glue,
不能将墙连起来 you can't connect to the wall.
于是我们重做了平面 So we re-made the surface.
这是由一系列翻起的 And this was done with a series of routed out
3英尺乘 我不清楚 3 inch by, I don't know,
15 16英尺乘5英尺的泡沫制成 15 or 16 foot by 5 foot pieces of foam.
基本上 我们计算出每一块 And what we, basically we calculated each,
我们用特定的内部交换移走了这些结 we removed the knot with the specific inner-exchange,
因此这一个事实上更是 so this one was actually much, much more of
一个改变建筑空间模型 a model taking up an architectural space,
改变建筑规模 an architectural scale.
我们将它带入 建在地面上 We brought it in, built it on the floor,
将它立起 建另一块 在将它立起 turned it up, built another piece, turned it up,
它就成了 就重做了这个空间 and it became, it re-made the space.
事实上 我们不知道它的长度 The thing was, we didn't know the length of it,
或许是15 20 或者8英尺 whether it was 15 feet or 20 feet or 8 feet,
因为它的张力以及泡沫 because the constantina and the give of
让它能被压缩或是拉伸 the foam allowed it to push and pull,
因此当这个平面建成后 就将它锁住 so once the surface came into play it locked it down.
因此这个投射的平面 So that that projected surface which is
它是理想化的观察平面 the idealized viewing surface for
用于展示我们将之合并起来的 the exhibit of other architectural projects that
其它建筑项目 we put together, holds it all together.
因此在某种程度 它是将空间扩大 So in some ways it's just a growing of the room
用于另一个活动 就是展览 to another event, which was this exhibition,
这是2003年的纽约III it was New New York III, for 2003.
将我们带到了Tom提到的Burst*项目 Which brings us to this Burst* project that
它已被到处报道 Tom mentioned, that's been published everywhere.
我们称它为Burst* (爆发)有很多原因 We called it the Burst* for a lot of different reasons,
主要是因为这是它的最终的结果 mostly because that's how it ends up getting done. And
我们有机会在澳大利亚建之一模型 we had a chance to build this prototype in Australia.
是现代艺术东南中心的 It was a competition entry for
一项比赛 South Eastern Centre for Contemporary Art.
是一项为低收入住房的比赛 A SECCA competition for low income housing.
我们做了这一模型 接着我们有了一些同伴 We did it for that, and then we had some friends
我的搭档他们有一辆拖车 and my partners had, they had a trailer,
一块地 and a piece of land, within ten minutes of
距出名的冲浪沙滩10分钟 the most incredible surfing beach about
在澳大利亚北面 4小时车程 four hours north of Australia.
因此突然的 在南卡罗莱纳的 So all of a sudden what was a low income house
一个低收入住房被重修成 in South Carolina became re-programmed
一个度假屋 屋主是一个英国国教牧师 as a vacation home for an Anglican priest,
以及他的妻子 三个孩子和狗 and his three children, dogs, and wife.
这是它的初期透视图 And, this is an early rendering of it,
这是建筑地点 非常令人吃惊 and this is the site which is, it's amazing,
我常开Jeremy的玩笑 I used to make fun of Jeremy because he's
因为他是澳大利亚人 我们常说 Australian, so we're always trying to say,
澳大利亚有什么好的 "Well what's so great about Australia?"
我总说 看看你们的建筑 And I keep saying, "Well, look at your architecture,
就像你们的钱币上还印着女王一样 it's like, you still have the Queen on your money.
人们在海滩边建房 And people are building, in beach country,
他们建一些砖房 小小的 they're building brick homes, little tiny brick
两层或平层的砖房 two-story, one-story homes."
自从这些房屋被建了之后 Since those houses have been built there's
一百年间都有洪水 a hundred year flood has been put in
于是你们这里有个两米的冲积平原 so you have a two meter flood plain in this site.
那么 这是沙滩 Alright, there's the beach, and on the left is
左边或许是最重要的一张图表 probably the most important diagram
我想向大家展示这个房子的图表 看不太清 I'm going to show about this house, which is illegible.
好的 这背后的理念就是 Okay. What the idea is behind this is that
你能控制一些 you can control certain,
你只能控制一些事物 you can only control certain things.
所有都处于运动中 所有都不稳定 Everything is a movement, everything is unstable,
所有都处于进程中 everything is in process,
所有都在流动 都在变化 everything is in flow, in flux.
因此对于这个房子 我们做的就是 So, what we did with this house is,
这个房子有三个参数 this house has three parameters with
我们用它测量了所有事物 which we've measured everything.
我们测量了这个项目 We've measured the program,
就是卧室 which is simply the bedrooms,
起居室 运用的模式 the living spaces, the use patterns.
我们测量了解构 We've measured the structure,
就是收紧放松 which is simply the tightening and
筋络的数量 loosening of the number of ribs with
这个解构需要支撑起来的数量 which the structure needs to support itself.
最后一件事就是 And the last thing is that it's an incredibly
它是一个环境测量的体系 environmentally measured system.
因此这两个板块就是 So what these two sections are,
我们试图去平衡这些项目 are our attempts to balance the programs,
环境 解构 将它们平衡在一点 the environment, and the structure, all at one point.
因此这两点 这些元素 So those two points, those elements,
这些精准的切割 是我们唯一知道 those precision cuts, are the only place where
具体情况的地方 we knew what was happening.
接下来 你们都熟悉腾空技术 And then, you're all familiar with the lofted
我们就将它一起腾空起来 technology, we simply lofted it together.
我们将它一起腾空起来大约三百多次 Now we lofted it together about three hundred times
知道它开始产生细微差别 until it started to take on the nuances,
接着我们从不同层面处理它 and then we went into it at different levels to
试图控制 try and control where things went in,
事物进出的地方 where things came out.
接着我们对场地也花了同样心思 And then we took that same level of thought onto
这里你能看到街道的规划 the site, where you see the plans of the street,
停车场 室外地滚球 板球 篮球 the parking area, the bocce - cricket - basketball,
接着是露天看台的观察 and then the observations of the bleachers,
以及尾部的设施 and the burm at the end. And
因此它所做的就是 so what it was, what it was also doing was setting up
不仅同自己本身建立联系 也同场地建立联系 a relationship not only with itself, but with its site.
这是周围环境 So that the environment, if you change
如果你改变阳光的位置 the location of the sun, you change the,
你就要改变玻璃的朝向 you have to change the orientation of
以及项目 the glazing, and the program.
如果你改变透明墙体的位置 If you change the location of sheer walls,
你就需要改变建筑的图案结构 you have to change the patterning of the structure.
如果你改变环境条件 If you change the environmental conditions of
无论是朝南 朝北或朝东 whether its facing south, north or east,
你需要不同的悬垂部分 you have different overhang.
因此它需要收紧 放松 打开或是关闭 So it tends to tighten and loosen, open and close.
我们常发现的就是 And what we tended to find was that the points
有时我们无法控制它 where we could no longer control it or where
或是我们无法控制软件 we didn't quite have control of the software
软件发生故障了 was where it broke down.
这些缺口 裂缝 或是空隙 The gaps or the gashes, or the lacuna,
是它对周围敞开的地方 was where it opened up to the environment.
因此你在这看到的就是 So what you see here is simply a,
它朝北 但是它是倒过来的 it's facing north but it's upside down,
因此它是朝南 so it's facing south, it's basically the same
基本上等同于朝南 equivalent of facing south,
并且有个悬垂部分 with an overhang that protects in the winter,
夏天能遮阳 it protects in the summer and allows the sun to
冬天让阳光能从各方向照进室内 come all the way into the house in the winter.
这是尝试去测量 What that comes from is trying to measure
周围环境 测量其他事物 this environment, or measure things.
你可以画一种图案 或是两种图案 You can draw one pattern, you can draw two patterns,
但是将两种图案混合画在一起 but drawing the intermingling of those two patterns,
两者的细微差别融合在一起 the nuance of those two things coming together,
在某种程度 网格的缺失 in some ways the lack of grid-ness,
这之后的结果 the way that sort of becomes,
笛卡尔的关于宇宙的 the sort of dirty geometry of this Descartes
绘画中的几何学 drawing of the universe, is what we
是我们所开始理解这个房子的内容 started to understand about the house.
几何学 那位画家 我不记得名字了 的顺序 The geometry, the order of I can't remember the artist,
我想是Rachel 以及Diderot的图像 Rachel, I think, and the Diderot images,
展示了这些拉伸 伸展这些条件如何 show how that stretching and pulling those
带给你新的作品 conditions give you new programmatic pieces.
因此 这成为看上去正常化的图案 So, that becomes what looks like a normalized pattern.
这是这座房子的结构图表 This is the structural diagram of the house.
这是它的X截面 This is the, it's the x-ing of the house,
X截面对于我们很重要 and that x-ing is very important to us,
因为它移除了方位 because it takes away the orientation,
移除了北方 以及每条脉络的先决性 it takes away the north, the predominance of each rib
更加融合在一起 and becomes much more of a mesh.
这里你看到一些 And then you see here there's some secondary
进入它的第二件结构 pieces of structure that come into that.
因此这些交叉点就是 So the crossing points are where
它从内部支持住的地方 it's supported and lit from within.
因此在研究过程中 我们开始理解 So in studying that, we've started to understand that
我们有一个对称的系统 we have a symmetrical system that everything
所有的事物围绕这些点成X型对称 around the points is symmetrical with the x,
从这些X散发出去 and it was extruded from that x.
于是我们开始研究不同的 So we started to look at the different
对称方式 ways that symmetry is defined.
我们都常认为镜面 We all tend to think that mirrored
对称是最标准的 symmetry is the standard.
是唯一的对称方式 It's the only symmetry.
但是巴洛克式远远超过我们 But the Baroque was well ahead of us
他发现不仅只有 in that there's not only, there's not only
镜面对称 还有格子对称 mirrored symmetry, there's a lattice symmetry,
壁纸的对称 there's a symmetry of wall paper,
还有螺旋对称 there's the spiral symmetry,
滑行对称 there's the glided symmetry, and
以及平移对称 George Hersey there's the translatory symmetry that George Hersey
在他的 巴洛克式建筑一文中提到过 writes about in his "Architecture of the Baroque."
我们为何学习巴洛克 And what, why we were looking at the Baroque
是因为我们觉得 这座房屋 is in some ways we feel that the house,
环境的融合 计划 or that mixing of the environment, the program,
以及结构 都同我们建筑师 and the structure, is related to what our engineers
的CFD研究 以及 do with their CFD studies or what they do with
结构研究有关 在某些方面 their structural studies. In some ways
建造房屋同科学直接相关 the making of a house is directly related to science.
这之前存在过 That has existed before, the same way
同样的预先制造之前存在过 that prefabrication has existed before,
科学与艺术的关系 在巴洛克式中 that relationship of science and art. In the Baroque,
科学用来证明上帝存在 the science was proving that there was God.
我不认为我们是要用科学证明什么 I don't think we're out to prove anything with science,
我想我们理解科学是 I think we're understanding that science is
不稳定的情况 a non-stable entropic condition that
我们经常碰到 we're always coming up against.
其中一件事 通过做这项工作 And one of the things, by doing this work,
我们开始遇见其他方式 we've started to come across other ways with
可以为Burst*所用 which that process could be used for the Burst*.
这是Luigi Moretti的两个图表 This is two diagrams by Luigi Moretti who is
他是一个法西斯建筑家 同墨索里尼一起学习 a fascist architect from, studied with Mussolini,
之后也继续从事建筑业 and kept practicing afterwards.
这是选自一本书 This is from a book that's the, the extended chapters
迈向新建筑这本书的补充章节 of Towards A New Architecture.
这些章节基本是关于平面与空间 And the chapters are basically about surface and space.
塞多纳的圣彼得教堂的空间 That the space of St. Peters, the San Sedona are
同电脑群聚图相同 the same way as a computer massing diagram, are the
同初期的房屋群聚条件相同 same thing as an embryonic house massing condition.
但是这些空间没有活力 So, but that these spaces weren't alive until the
直到这些表面被打破 surface was read, until the surface was broken down,
直到缜密的环境的 until the openings and closings of that
开放与关闭开始起作用 articulated condition came into play.
于是我们开始研究这大块 So we started taking the massing, started studying it,
这些是早期的研究模型 and these are early, early study models.
我们开始说 这些教堂中 Then we started to say, one of the things that's going
都有一种投射系统 on in these churches is a sort of projection system.
这是Bernini的总统府 This is the Quirinale by Bernini and the reason
我之所以展示它是因为这个顶楼的 I show this is because, one of the things that
作用之一就是它用不同的几何类型 the loft does is it takes dissimilar geometric forms
创造出新的几何环境 and creates new geometric conditions.
为何Richard Serra将这个扭曲的椭圆 Why Richard Serra based the torqued ellipses on
基于Bernini而不是Borromini Bernini instead of Borromini, was because
因为他在总府府研究时 he spent time in the Quirinale where he realized
发现都汇聚于一点 that it's all coming to centre point,
但是它是一个椭圆 but that it's an oval.
这是一个双倍 是一个扭曲的椭圆 There's a doubleness, that it's a torqued ellipse
因为它实际行不通 because it really doesn't work,
一个椭圆有两个点而不是一个点 an ellipse has two points instead of a singular point.
因此理解多个点 And so that understanding that multiple points
汇聚在一起 对不起 coming together were - hmmm, excuse me,
我不会再抱怨这些图片了 I'm going to stop sighing about the images
是房子的一部分如何 were how a section of the house was known
被从图表上识得 但是却无法理解 from the diagram but never understood at
直到我们进入其中 重新绘画 any given point until we went in and re-drew it.
所以那个流动 那个运动 So that that flow, that movement,
在设计房屋的过程中被抓住了 was capture with the process of designing the house.
这个图表 在某方面 This diagram in some ways is
是设计过程 the process, the design process.
整体模型的概念图或铸造 The massing or the casting of the overall shape is
接近于 这些是脉络模式 rubbed up against the, these are the rib patterns,
两者相互交融 and those two things are interspersed and
你得到了实际的结构 you get the actual structure,
房屋的实际骨架 the actual skeleton of the house.
骨架需要被支撑住 That skeleton has to respond, has to be held,
它还不具结构 直到表面建好 it's not structural until it's got the surface in play
它也不具连续性 因为有 and it's not continuous because of the limits and
夹板的限制于约束 the constraints of plywood until we have
直到我们用X型固定夹结构将它连接起来 this tectonic of the x-clip that connects it.
因此概念图 概念图的分解 So the massing, the breaking down of the massing
连同结构模式 它的油漆起节皮 with the structural pattern, the skinning of it,
对外皮的展开以及理解 the unfolding and understanding of that skin
因此我们建造的是将它融合起来 so that we can build it is what comes together,
你看这 在制造图表中 you see here, in the sort of fabrication diagram
每一块都融合在一起 of all the pieces coming together.
这是另一点关于 This is just another point about the organic of
这么多点的有机结合 these multiple points coming together.
我还是无法理解Boramini I still never understood how Boramini
如何在没有现金的情况下理解了它 figured it out without rhino.
这个房子很简单 The house is very, very simple.
没有更多的设计 It couldn't be more planned.
就是简单的三块 It's simply three bands.
这是外部的露台和甲板 It's an exterior band of bleachers and deck.
这是内部的餐厅 厨房和起居室 It's an interior band of dining, kitchen, and living.
还有空隙中的储藏空间 And there's an interstitial band of storage,
排风系统 通风口 and venting, vents, and then
后部是睡觉区域 the back band of the sleeping area.
你从上部进入 You enter by coming in underneath it and
绕一圈 来到甲板 wrapping around, and coming up the deck.
你看到的顶部的纹路 The roof pattern that you see is,
Greg Lynn认为这座房子 Greg Lynn thought the house was going to
事实上要被建成透明的 actually be built transparent,
我告诉他我们事实上没有这么多资金 I told him we didn't quite have that kind of budget.
但是模型是透明的 But the model is transparent because
因为我们很喜爱它的筋络 we fell in love with the ribs,
以及图案结构 we fell in love with the patterning,
我们还喜欢你所看到的 we fell in love with the different conditions that
不同条件 you see here, in the way that you see
这样你看到比起边缘 there's not very much sheer wall as
这里没有很多透明墙体 you come closer to the edge,
他们更紧 在这里开口 they're a lot more tight, they open up there.
这些几何体分解形成筋络 The breaking down of those geometries to the ribs.
同样的展开的图表 That same diagram of the unfolds and
以及概念图的结构话 structurizing of the massing.
让我们看这 Let's see here.
我们对这些筋络采取的措施是 What we did with the ribs is we actually tied them to
将它们同项目结合起来 在起居室 the program where in the living space
它是固定的两英尺 一直都是 it's a controlled two inches, it's constant throughout.
在卧室 它很平滑 In the bedroom space it's smooth and
在地下室 它是完全敞开的 in the undercroft it's all the way open.
这里我们想做的就是 And here what we're try to do is
我们同Buro Happold合作 we work with Buro Happold.
Buro Happold所做的 他做的做好的 Buro Happold does, the best part of Buro Happold
不是他们的结构团队 而是他们的机械方面 isn't their structural team, it's their mechanical.
他们将我们带上这条路 And they turned us onto the way that they,
他们在机械系统所做的就是 what they do in their mechanical systems is
他们将飞机机翼上的 they take their structural diagrams of
压力点的结构图 where the stresses are in an airplane wing and
转换到他们自己的项目上 they transpose them to their,
他们运用同样原理 they take the same language and
将之转换到关系 空气 气流上 they transpose it to light and air and airflow
因此他们就能掌握 so that they're actually able to figure out
房屋的局部气候 the microclimate of the house.
各种时刻的局部气候 例如排风时 The microclimate of when the vent is letting out,
上部传来热气时 when the heats coming through the top,
冷气被控制在尾部 when the cooling is kept in the back,
以及垂悬部分在一年不同时期的 and when its protected at different times
防护作用 of the year from the overhangs.
因此他们收集太阳 So they take all the different diagrams of the sun,
风向 湿度的多有不同图表 the wind, the moisture, and they measure
并且测量房屋的主要区域 the main section of the house and that measuring
只有测量我们才能将它拉伸 is how we are able to tweak it.
我们如何使它打开 使它闭合 How we are able to make it open, make it closed.
因为主要开口就是前部这块 Because the main opening is this front piece,
顶层 通风系统 this clear story, this vent system,
而且在尾部还有二级排风系统 and there's a secondary vent at the back
主要在夏季使用 that's used primarily in the summer.
这是通风系统在建筑上改造后 And then this is what that vent is turned into
在玻璃表面的样子 architecturally on the facade of the glazing system
这是顶层 here, and here at the clear story.
我们想做的就是 我们建造一个 What we're trying to do, we've built one.
或许我们之前设计了四十个 We've probably designed forty.
这一个 That this, the one, is going to take,
为了能有还有生命力 in order to have another life,
它需要变成多倍 it has to become a multiple.
并且在预先制造 或者预先制造这个理念中 And in the prefab, or the idea of the prefabrication,
你时常需要考虑成本 you constantly have to answer the question of cost,
建造难易 以及运输这些问题 of ease of building, and the delivery.
很多时候 运输系统以及成本 In some ways the delivery system and the cost
是人们唯一关心的事 are the only thing that people are interested in.
我们想制造另一个话题 Well, we've tried to create another argument,
这三个元素 环境 规划 that these three elements of environment, program,
以及结构 在Burst*房屋中 and structure, are handled in a specific way
被以不同的方式处理 with the Burst* house.
结构是夹板 环境 The structure is plywood, the environment,
环境问题是被动的太阳能 the environmental issues are passive solar,
规划是基本的 基本的家庭规划 and the program are basic, the basic domestic
规划我们今天如何生活 programs of how we live today.
与之平行的是Andy Warhol的肖像画 What's parallel to that is Andy Warhol portrait.
你知道这副肖像画在哪 You know where the portrait is, you know
它将被将你的画像丝印 it's going to be silk screened in your image
但是你不一直确定它将如何 but you're not always sure how it's actually
将这些图像展示出来 going to carry that image into the world
于是我们利用那个 so that we use, we use that, and then using
利用从Buckminster Fuller那得来的材料 these ingredients stolen from Buckminster Fuller
通过Dymaxion住宅展示了 from the Dymaxion House that show
他在1950年代所感兴趣的 all the sort of characteristics he was interested in
所有特性 关于基本单元 in the 1950s of the basic unit,
家庭单元 以及团体单元 the family unit, the group unit.
我们所说的就是通过将这些事分解成 What we're saying is by breaking those things
更小的块 down to smaller and smaller pieces with
通过利用预先制造技术 the fabrication technology,
你能将这些事物的细微之处融合起来 you're actually able to nuance all of those things.
它不仅仅是基本单元的 It isn't just a simply repetitive condition of
在不同家庭的简单的重复 the basic unit to different families.
事实上你可以将它在几乎任何位置组装起来 You can actually set it up in almost any situation
用于生后 环境 和结构 for living, environment, and structure.
因此这些图表让你了解了基本的 And then so these diagrams take you through the basic,
玻璃系统的基本环境问题 basically environmental issues of the glazing system.
这些结构的厚度 Of the thickness of the structure, how that plays out
如何在房屋中使用 all the way through it, how the, you know
如果你有一个风洞 if you actually have a wind tunnel you change the,
你要改变这两个块的形状 you start to change the shape of these two bands.
这些制定了我们 And those set up the rules with
设计时的规则 which we design the system.
这里你看到当视野 So you see here when the views,
当规划改变方向 when the programs change orientation,
这两个金色区域 the two golden bands in each of these
是房屋的基本分隔 are the basic separation of the house.
于是这成了有庭院的房子 So this becomes a courtyard house,
这里三边都敞开 this becomes open on all three sides,
这里成了一个十字交叉 this becomes a criss cross where
是房屋开放边缘的位置 the opening sides of the house are,
庭院是X型开口 the courtyard is an x-opening and
这是一个简单的Z型折叠 then here it's a simple zigzag fold.
这些开始向不同方向发展 Those start to be different ways this will play out.
这在某些方面 This is just in some ways the way
光线 空气从 the light and air would come through
不同位置进入 in those different situations.
这里 你开始商讨 And these where you start to negotiate
地下室 屋顶 the undercroft, the roof, and the way
以及地面轮廓的接受方式 the ground profile is receiving it.
这在某种程度就是将项目 This is just sort of taking the programs and
分解成一个点阵 breaking this down to a matrix.
因此这是模拟参数化 So that this becomes is analog parametrics.
当它被设计成时 When this was designed we didn't
我们无法接触到这个软件 have access to the software,
我们不理解这个软件 we didn't have the understanding of the software.
我们只是简单的顺其自然而做 We were simply doing it naturally, to sort of
以尽可能多的不同方式运作它 run it through as many different ways as we could.
在某些方面 它结束了 In some ways that played out
甚至在建筑过程中 even in the process of building it.
接下来 These next shots are just really, I mean,
我会说的快一些 I'm going to go faster and just sort of
为大家介绍一下房屋外部 take you through the exterior of the house.
因此它是挨着 So that's it under construction next to
边上小砖房建造的 its little brick neighbors.
这是房屋后部 This is the back of the house which
我们画上了茂盛的花朵 we graphic-ed with these sort of exuberant flowers,
我们从冲浪艺术家那学来的 we're stealing from surfers artists.
这是街景 That's it from the street view.
这是环绕着这个建筑 That's it as you wrap around the building.
这是同样的位置 That's the same position
从外部到内部 from the exterior and the interior.
然后你就来到了 Then you sort of fly around
甲板和露台 to the deck and the bleacher.
非常好的绘画 Great drawing.
这是入口 That's the entrance piece.
入口晚上的景色 That's the entrance piece at night.
入口的作用就是 So what that entrance piece does is
它将几何体完整了 it completes the geometry,
它让你能看到哪些人进出 it allows you to see who's coming and going,
谁来参观 谁到了 who's visiting, who's arriving.
因此模式保持不变 材料在变化 So the form stays the same but the material shifts.
而地下室成了 And the undercroft has become one of the things
最方便使用者的地方之一 that is actually the most user friendly.
这是建在相同的环境 This is built in the same environment
同南加利福尼亚一样 as southern California, so the undercroft
因此地下室是一直可进入的 is actually always accessible.
我们将它的四面敞开 But what we did when we left it all the way open,
它变得很深让我们能 and it became so deep that we could actually
规划储藏空间 start to program storage and these sort of
可以存放冲浪板 wormholes for holding surfboards and
鱼竿 以及其他 fishing poles and all the rest of
海滩的配备 the accoutrements of a beach.
这是一系列的入口 This is the sort of entrance sequence.
这原本是全部木制 It was originally going to be all wood, all pylons,
但是我们想既然要在它下面停车 but we decided that since they were parking
就需要混凝土固定 underneath it there should be some concrete involved.
因此混凝土有不同的高度 So the concrete is of different heights.
入口处是高一些的 The higher ones show you the entrance.
如果你来到上部 这些高的混凝土 If you follow the top, the high pieces of concrete,
他们有一米三 these are like a meter three, they take you
这通向入口楼梯 to the entrance stair, which then takes you up
接着将你向上转到正面 and around to the front facade.
这些将你带入餐厅 And this series basically puts you inside
从后看起居室 the dining room, the living room looking back.
只是之间的储藏室和通风空间 And this is the storage and vented space in between,
我们称为蝴形领结 which we called the 'bow tie.'
这是后部的通风口 There's the rear vent.
你在起居空间看到的 So, you see here in the living spaces, it's this kind
它被称为哥特式金银丝罗纹 of, it's been called gothic filigree of the ribbing.
当你回到后部 And as you go back into the back spaces
它变得顺滑 你最后来到 its smoothed over so you end up
一个像Terrell一样的房间 in almost Terrell-like room.
后部的卧室没有灯光 There's no light in the back bedrooms
除了太阳反射光 except for the reflected light from
以及室内人工合成的荧光 the sun and the synthetics of the fluoros inside.
这是房子的西端以及东端 That's the west end of the house and the east end of
房屋联系起来 没有房间 the house coming together without the rooms.
这副幻灯效果好多了 This is a much better slide.
这是转移点 This is that transition point.
这是向后看 And then that's looking back, so the, basically
因此基本上后部的房间没有直接阳光 the back bedrooms don't have direct sun,
但是他们有顶层 but they have this clear story.
对不起 他们没有直接的视野 Excuse me, they don't have any direct view but
但是他们有透明的顶层从上方获得阳光 they have the clear story bringing sun in from above.
在下一代 In the next generation
因为我们的确认为这个房屋就像雪花一样 because we do think this house is a snowflake
它会有很多个 there will be many of them but there will be
没有相同的两个 但是他们会有很多个 no two alike, but that there'll be multiples.
我们被要求 也很高兴 We've been forced and are excited to
能有机会建造更多 have the opportunity to build more of them.
所以我们开始研究这些过程 And so we started studying these processes of not only
不仅是运输系统还有实际建造 the delivery system but the actual building of it.
这是热带房屋 So this it the maison tropicale which
Prove1949年建于法属刚果 Prouve built in 1949 in the French Congo.
它基本上是被动的环境体系 It's basically a passive environmental system that's
由这个大构架支撑起来 put together with this big truss, that's loaded up,
以及所有预先制作的嵌板 and then all of the pre-made panel pieces
因此他的预先制造理念就是 so his idea of prefab was that
所有事物都有一个独特的连接 everything had a unique connection,
但是同样一个事物有许多个 but there were multiples of the same thing
有屋面板 地板 there were roof panels, and floor panels,
以及墙板 这些都由 and wall panels, that all were held up by
主要的构架同时也是通风系统支撑起来 this major truss slash vent system.
我很想为你们很快介绍一遍 I really want to take you quickly through.
你看这里到处 I mean you see this everywhere, you guys
你们或许有更好的激光切割的楼梯 have probably got a better laser cutter upstairs,
但是这个房屋的建造过程事实上和 but how this house was built was actually the same
我们建造办公室里桌子的东西一样 way things are built on our tables in the office.
它是工业规模的激光切割机 It was an industrial sized laser cutter,
切了400片夹板 cut the 400 sheets of plywood, and they delivered
他们讲这些运输到工地 these to the site basically in their skins,
接着他们被组合起来 送到工地 and there were held together and brought to site.
这是他们在第一轮的样子 And this is the way they looked in the first iteration,
通过激光焦化的边缘组合在一起 held together with the burned edges of the laser.
这要求他将这些都区分开 What was required was he had to sort it all out.
我们要分成每个筋络 将它们 We had to figure out each rib and place it down
排成一排 然后我们可以将它组装起来 in a row so we could put it together.
我想Tom提到的 And I think that's one of the things that
关于大都会那篇文章的一件事就是 Tom's mentioning about the Metropolis article is,
它不是很成功 it wasn't so successful.
建造这些筋络 The barn raising of putting up the ribs
花了三周 went up in three weeks and
然后我们只有将它交给一个承包人 then we had to pass it off to a contractor.
我们没有切足够多的材料 We didn't cut enough stuff.
所有激光切割的材料 Everything that was cut by the laser went up
都很快也很精准 quickly and precisely and somewhat easily
同普通建造相比也更容易 compared to normal construction. But
但是当我们将它交给承包人去测量 once we had to leave it to the contractors to measure
我们在一小段时间内失去了对它的控制 we sort of lost control for a short time.
但是控制这些材料的组装 But this control of putting these things together,
我们用X型固定夹将这些筋络系统组装起来 we had the rib system held together by these x-clips.
有五种不同的X型固定夹 And there's five different x-clips.
这是普通的固定筋络的X型固定夹 This is the normal x-clip that ties into the ribs.
这是普通的用于 This is the normal x-clip with
透明地板的X型固定夹 the sheer condition for the floor.
这是用于露台的斜线 This is the diagonal for the bleachers.
这是柱形夹 And this is a column clip.
因此在不同地方 So in different places you could have,
你有不同的适用于这块的 you would have this field of x-clips that
X型固定夹 would come onto the skin,
夹板不仅仅 and the plywood didn't only,
裁剪成特定的筋络形状 wasn't even only cut to the specific rib shapes,
平面形上有螺孔 the flat shapes had the screw holes
以及X型交汇点 and the x-meeting points onto them.
因此它就像一个大的宜家家居 So it was a big IKEA piece.
这样组合在一起 It came together like that.
这是在它收紧之前 And that's just before it's tightened.
你所看到的这个筋络体系 And that ribbing system that you see here,
这是最主要的圆柱 this is the sort of "mother of all columns"
这同时有圆柱支撑 where we have the column brace,
透明连接 以及X型固定夹 the sheer connection, and the x-clip all in one place.
这些是不锈钢 Those are stainless steel.
这些是不锈钢 They're stainless steel.
我们的不锈钢制造商在新泽西 Our stainless steel people are in New Jersey and
他们为我们干活因为他们喜欢我们 they do stuff for us because they love us
而且我们能给他们带来问题 and we give them problems.
但是接下来的时间他们 But the rest of the time they spend making
为美国部队制造直升机叶片 helicopter blades for the American military.
他们是那种会问你这样的问题的人 They're the type of the people who will ask you,
你需要那个0.007曲线 "Do you want that 0.007 curve
在内部还是外部 on the inside or the outside?"
他们的精准程度我们永远达不到 They're more precise than we'll ever be.
因此在某种程度 这座房屋 So in some ways the house is built
建造不容许一点公差 with absolutely no tolerance.
这是我们遇到的第一个问题 That was one of the first problems we had.
系统中不允许有一点公差 There's absolutely no tolerance in the system. So
因此要把它放到位 你需要收集 推或拉 to put it into place you simply tighten, push or pull.
我们当时的情况是 We got to the point where we were
在聚会快结束时 at the end of the barn raising and
我们多出了7 8 英尺 we were off about 7 or 8 inches.
于是我和Jeremy就说 那么伙计们 So Jeremy and I were like, "Okay kids,
那我们就把这个边裁了吧 就把它砍掉 let's just cut the edge. We'll just chop it off."
但是将它组装起来的人说 So the people putting it together were like,
绝对不行 "Absolutely not."
他们不让我们这么做 因为他们 They wouldn't let us, because they'd spent
花了很多时间这些螺栓 收紧 方松 more time tightening and loosening and putting
装置起来 他们说 不 我们能修好 the bolts together and they said, "No, we can fix it."
他们弄来一辆汽车起重机 以及一些皮带 And they got a couple car jacks and some belts
然后就开始推推拉拉 and they started pushing and pulling and
15分钟之后 after about fifteen minutes that
10英尺的搞定了 ten inches was taken care of.
因此这座房子容不得一点公差 So the house has absolutely no tolerance.
因为如果你容许公差 Because actually if the tolerance is,
如果你建造的房屋有公差 if you build it with a tolerance in it,
这些公差就会积累 然后一切都无法排齐 you will accrue, and nothing will line up
当你将内部的部件放入时 when you start putting the interior pieces
这个菱形就 in and the diamond shapes that
从内部支撑住他 hold it in from the inside.
因此我们所做的就是 竖起50根柱子 So what we did, it's also held up on fifty columns,
每个都有不同的高度 each with a different height.
为了建造它 我们建了一个脚手架 So in order to build it we built a scaffolding with
上面有小的锯齿用来固定住每一块 dentals of little teeth holding all the pieces in.
所以我们会建一部分 So we would take and we would build a segment of it
将它倒过来 从下部拧紧螺丝 再将它翻过来 upside down, screwing it from below, schlep it over,
转一圈 于是我们就能建造不同的 rotate it, and then so we would build different,
基本上每8英尺 对不起 every eight feet basically, or excuse me,
每四英尺 我们能建一个固定的一块 every four feet, we would build a solid piece
整个屋子的长度 the whole length of the house and then
接着将它同第二等级的装配起来 bolt it together with the secondary pieces.
因此这是一个交织的过程 So it was basically a weaving process.
这里你能看到地板被拼起来 So there you see it as the floor's coming together.
接着我们将X固定夹上的圆柱吊起来 And then we suspended the columns off of the x-clips,
因此我们就不需要去量高度 so we didn't have to measure the height,
接着就简单的将他们连接到 and then simply connected them to
桑拿管上 然后倒入混凝土 the sauna tubes and poured the concrete in.
重要的时刻就是当你 So there was this grand moment when you went from,
要将支撑梁从 the support beam shifted from
三条线变到五十点 three lines to fifty points.
它是非常的 And it, it was actually quite,
我们有了一个很好的学习机会 we had a good learning process,
因为我们只是裁下了筋络中的基准面 because we simply just cut the datum in the ribs and
于是基准面就能留在脚手架上 so that datum stayed on the scaffolding,
变换是镜面式的 and the shift was minor.
只是简单的将它拉起 It was simply just pulling it.
当这些进行时 And once that started happening we put
我们放入透明墙体来继续做屋顶 in the sheer walls to receive the roof.
就是绕着底部将它包裹住 And that's the sort of wrapping of it around the bottom
这是顶部的透明层和排水槽 And that's the clear story at the top with the gutter,
是房子构成的一部分 as part of the form in the house.
这里你可以看到它在建设中 There you see it under construction,
这是模型 当它从透明变到粉色 that's the model when it went from clear to pink.
这是整个过程 And this was the process.
我的意思是从某方面来说我们讨厌给它上漆 I mean in some ways we hated painting it,
有着黑色切割边缘非常好看 it was so beautiful with the black cut-edge pieces.
我会快点讲 I'll go faster.
这里是向下的露台 So you see here this is the bleachers coming down.
因此这些倾向于 我们有一整套 So these tended, we had a whole set of
计划好的区域和细节 planned sections and details,
但是我们更想建造这座房屋 but we tended to build the house
从一些预先建造绘图开始 from these fabrication drawings.
这些绘图就基本上是 This drawing was basically the drawing
建造出这座房屋的绘图 that built the house.
每个筋络都清楚的设置好 It was the axionametric with all the ribs
所有数据都在图上 clearly set up, and then all the numbers are
这里你看不到 on this drawing, which you can't see here.
接着还有一个Excel文件 And then there's basically an Excel sheet
注明每个物件的来源 locating where every piece came from,
每条线的位置 which line it had to go into.
接着这样的交织样式 So then this was sort of the weave
同屋顶组合起来 completing itself with the roof.
接着这个 我们喜欢展示这个 And then this, we love to show this,
因为它就像我们项目的轻盈 because it's like the lightness of
而且它也很基本 the project is also sort of basic.
这些都是剩下来的材料 That's really what was left over.
因为我们有这些来支撑所有形状 Because we used those pieces to hold all the shapes.
基本上 它有点 无所谓了 And basically it was kindling or whatever.
但是这些基本上是房屋的损耗 But that was basically the wastage from the house.
这提出了一个问题 不再是关于 Which sets up a question, it's no longer about,
我的意思是我不认为对于预先建造 I mean I don't think prefab is so much about
比起成本 应更关系到控制 costs so much as it is about control.
我的意思是将这些少量消耗作为一种控制 I mean, having this little waste as a form of control.
轻盈同控制一起 And that lightness along with the control is
是使它成功的一种方式 one of the ways of making it work.
我们 我想说快点 We've since, I wanted to just very quickly,
我们曾被要求 we've since been asked to do,
如果只是一间家庭住宅 if it's just a single family house,
或者它能变成很多件 or could it be multiples?
这是一个两层六间的单元 So this was a two six units, two six unit pieces.
你可以看到计划 Where you can start to see the plan,
不同的单元都连接到 the different units are all connected with
一个固定的每单元间的梯塔 a concrete stair tower between the units,
一个 两个 两个 一个 有六个单元 sort of one, two, two and one, to get your six units.
你开始得到一个区域 从那里你 You start to get a section where you are
能从两层的空间望出去 looking out of this double height space
看到街景 and looking into the streetscape,
接着地下室能变成小卖店 and then the undercroft can be turned into retail,
商店 或是艺术小店 commercial, or artist space.
因此它事实上可以从 So it isn't, it can actually make an urban
一个度假屋变到城市住宅 transition from the vacation house.
这是最后的两件 And this is sort of the last two pieces of it.
接着还在这点上 And then just to stay on point,
我们被要求做一个鸟屋 we were asked to make it a bird house.
我们所做的就是将这个改变 Which, all we did was change this,
于是突然的整个项目改变了规模 so all of a sudden the program changes the scale,
但是倒不是关于这些柱子 but then rather than the columns
我们做成了这种基于一点的线圈状 we had to come to a single point of this armature.
这在Postmaster画廊永久展出 And this is on permanent display at Postmaster gallery
在纽约第19和第十大道 on 19th street and 10th avenue in New York,
这是在画廊展出时的照片 and this is even in the gallery space
在它被安装到屋顶上之前 before it went up on the roof.
但是基本上整个建筑的支撑点 But basically the whole force of the structure
全部都在这一点上 comes back to the single pole.
这是Burst* 的B.O.P. And it's the Burst* B.O.P.
因为它是为食肉鸟而建 because it's built for birds of prey.
他们是纽约的茶隼 以小的啮齿动物为食 And they're kestrels in New York and they eat little
它被漆成了粉色 挂在那个地方 rodents, and it was painted pink and it hangs out
鸟类来到这里居住在这 on that site and the birds come and live there.
它看上去有点傻 So it's kind of a silly but kind of
但是是对这个项目一种有趣的操作 fun manipulation of the project.
我们现在在做的事 One of the things that we, we're involved in
我们现在的一个项目 在建这座房屋 a project now where we're making this house
它将在七月建在纽约 and its going to be built in New York next July.
它将是一个一比一的 It's going to be a one to one version,
这座房屋的下一个版本 the next version of this house.
它会有不同的构成和规划 It will have a different form and a different program,
但是基本上会是同样的建造体系 but it will be basically the same system of making.
我们开始明白 And so we're starting to understand,
我们要去考虑运输的方式 we had to look into the methods of delivery.
这是一个简单的方式 T模式 This is an easy one, right, the Model-T,
装配线 类似于Taylor式的生产方式 the assembly line, a sort of taylorist version.
我们发现爱的生 We discovered that Thomas Edison had
也对预先制造感兴趣 an interest in prefabrication.
这是一个一次灌注成的房子 This is a single pour house.
你建好了地板 You basically build the floors,
墙体 以及其他部分 the walls and everything and you pump it
然后将它们一次灌注而成 through in a single pour and
这是爱的生设计的房子 that's the house you get from Tom Edison.
这是著名的Lustron屋 This is the famous Lustron house which
我想大家或许都很熟悉 I think everyone is probably familiar with.
它有个非常出色的运输系统 It had an incredible delivery system.
它由卡车运输来 It's delivered on a truck,
它有一组非常好的配件 it's got this incredible collection of pieces,
他们将配件安排得 they arrange their pieces much nicer
比我们的幻灯片好多了 than we did for our slides.
这是它最初建成的样子 This was how it was originally built
1949年在新洛克菲勒中心 in 1949 in New Rockefeller centre.
但是问题是你有了一座这样的房屋 But the problem is you only get this.
接下来的都是一样的 You only get the same damn house
一直一直重复 over and over and over again.
Dymaxion屋有着更加 The Dymaxion house has a much, much more
有趣的运输体系 interesting delivery process,
Buckminster Fuller的所有项目都很有趣 as everything with Buckminster Fuller.
先是模型和地基的选址 The model and the placing of the base
接着是建造筋络 and then the building up of the ribs.
这是一个非常出色的建筑 This is quite an incredible production.
我们从这种临时支撑框架中 We started to learn things from the sort of
学到了很多 moment frames that hold it together.
Jean Prouve不仅建造过程 Jean Prouve, not only did he study or steal his
独具特色 而且他的运输过程 building process, but his delivery process
也别出心裁 was kind of beyond the pale.
货物集装箱被用于 These are cargo containers for
热带房屋的每一个部件 all the pieces of maison tropicale,
它是由这架美丽的法国运输飞机运来的 it was put onto this beautiful French cargo plane.
这是最终建成的房屋 And this is the house that was eventually built.
他们在刚果建了三座这样的房屋 There were three of them built in the Congo.
我们公司处理的其他项目 In other projects at the office we've handled
运输系统用的是福特的技术 this delivery system with using the Fordist
将它分解成许多部件 technology of breaking it down to pieces and
将它带上出租车 然后就能组装成一个沙发 putting it into a cab and turning it into a sofa.
我们也试图去评论集装箱式的房子 And we've also sort of trying to critique
将集装箱作为房子 the container house, with the container as a house.
我们觉得集装箱式用来 And saying well the container is for
装建筑的部件 bringing pieces of structure and that
它的建筑价值有了值得注意的变化 architecture's value is to have some sort of notice of
尤其是在饱受战争摧残的波斯尼亚 a transition, especially in war-torn Bosnia.
这是科索沃的一场比赛 This was a competition entry for Kosovo.
和往常一样 And then there's always, you just can't get
无法将Buckminster Fuller带到很远 that far from Buckminster Fuller,
我们希望能有直升机或是 I think we just wish we had helicopters
拖车能将我们的房屋运到那里 and trailers to bring our houses in.
我想有两种想法 This movement, so there's two ideas that
根植于房屋的放样 I think are embedded in the lofting of the houses.
首先一切都在变化 One is that everything's in flux,
一切都在运动 都处于运动中 everything's moving, everything's in motion.
然后是你可以将它们 And the other is that you can break those things down
分解成更小的部件 into smaller and smaller pieces as
就像Taylor式的 the sort of critique of the taylorist
制造装配线 assembly line conditions of fabrication.
这是我在哥伦比亚的一间工作室 So what this is, is from one of my studios
我们在研究运动 at Columbia we were studying movement.
一名学生发现这个微型机器人 And one of the students found this nano-bot,
它是在斯坦福被设计出来的 that was designed just down the bay at Stanford,
每一部微型机器人都有着自己的大脑 where each one of these machines is it's own brain,
它们是独立的个体 但是他们一起 it's own entity and together they create
创造出的这个机器能爬上楼梯 a mechanism that can crawl up the stairs.
这个怎么停不下来 This thing won't stop.
我之前试过 I've practiced...
我们基本上分析了它的运动 So, we basically analyzed
将它分解成 that movement, broke it down into,
将这些微型机器人折叠 doubled up the nano-bots so that we could
于是我们就能让它爬楼梯 actually handle it for the stairs and sort of
我们也开始研究不同的位置 started to study all the different positions
好让它能爬上防火楼梯 required to go up a set of fire stairs.
于是我们就创造出了这条美丽的 And we've kind of created this beautiful,
美丽的蛇 你没法看到 this beautiful snake, and then you can't see
它的底部 但是接着我们 the bottom of it, but then we loaded
在蛇上装了一个箱子 that snake with a container.
这个箱子是由三部分组成 That container was made up of three pieces.
因此 为了能让这个箱子 So, in order for the container,
实际上它是一辆婴儿车 which is actually a pram,
我们受纽约时报之托来设计 we were asked by the New York Times to design
一辆婴儿车 用于纽约的地铁 a baby carriage for getting in and out of the subway.
因为纽约地铁里 Because there's no elevators
没有电梯 in the New York subway system.
所以为了能转弯 So in order to turn the corners you have to
必须要像坦克一样有两条轨道 do two tracks like a tank.
为了应对天气以及地铁里的 In order to handle the weather and the bumps
各种不平的路面 你需要一个合成纤维篓 and grinds of the subway you need a kevlar crate.
而且为了能让婴儿舒适 And in order for comfort for your little one
还需要在里面装一种格子网兜 you need a lattice mesh suspended in there,
那么你的孩子就能坐在里面 so that your child can go up
上下楼梯 没有任何问题 and down the stairs with no problem.
因此这一程度 So this level of, you know,
如果你能运一个孩子 if we can deliver a child,
那么就更愿意去 we're more than happy to take on the agenda of
以更有效率的方式来运送房屋 delivering the house in a more efficient manner
而不是用脚手架来建它 than hanging it off the scaffolding.
所以我们从中发现的就是 So what we discovered in the constantina of this
这个可以先压缩 is that the structure can be compressed
然后在工地上再打开 and then opened on site.
你会在这个视频里看到 我们加了这些夹子 You'll see in this video that then we add the clips,
我们计划去做的就是 but what we're planning on doing is changing
将夹子换成铰链 the next generation of clips to be hinges,
因此你可以在工地将房子打开 so that you unfold the house on site.
你开始从内部开始 You start to skin it on the interior,
地板 后部 边缘 the floors, the back, the sides,
我想这是下一步 I think those are coming next.
接着是从下面支撑住它 And then you support it from below.
并且最后放入钢铁 And put in the final pieces of steel.
这几块钢铁 从某方面来说 These pieces of steel are in some ways
是系统分解开的地方 where the system breaks down,
是开口的地方 where the openings come into play,
因此钢铁是加上去的二级结构 and so the steel is an added secondary structure,
夹板中一个有些冗余的系统 sort of redundant system within
用来将它固定在一起 the plywood to hold it together.
我们倾向于将它同 And then we tend to tattoo it with
海滩别墅的位置和规划结合起来 the location and program of the beach house.
最后这几幅图是 So these last few images are
我们如何规划下一代运输体系 how we plan the next generation of delivery.
就是 在上方 我们的发现是 Which, up here, what we've discovered was
我们可以不再灌注房基 rather than pouring foundations
而是用螺旋纹 we can use these helical,
他们基本上来说是大螺丝锥 they're basically big corkscrews, use
用一个地下深8英尺的螺旋纹地基 a helical foundation that goes down about eight feet,
你可以将它们放在任何地方 岩石 沙地 或是泥土 you can put them in almost any site rock, sand, clay.
事实上 我们接下来的项目 Actually the next one we're going to build
是要建在一个停车场 is going to be in a parking lot.
我们会用一系列的螺旋纹 So we're going to take a series of helical conditions
将它们放到停车场 and put them in a parking lot.
接着我们会装两条传送带 And then we're going to have two conveyor belts,
这两条传送带就像是麦当劳 these two conveyor belts like bringing stuff
用来运送货物的一样 在剪形顶器上 in and out of McDonald's, on scissors jacks,
接着两辆卡车就会来装满 and then the two trucks will come loaded up
预先做好的筋络 with the ribs pre-made and pull up side to side
拉到传送带的两边 on either side of the conveyor belts.
铰链会将它们放到适当高度 The hinges will drop them to the proper level
接着我们会转动机器 and then we'll rotate the weave
将它们放到传送带上 up onto the conveyor belts and so the house
所以房子会从两辆卡车打开 then will open from the two trucks, and create,
这是打开10% 这是50% you know, this is it at 10% open, at 50% open,
到全部打开 直到它被上外皮 to where it opens all the way before it's skinned.
这是我们从现在开始将要使用的运输方法 So that's how we're going to deliver it from now on.
它将要被放到这些传送带上 It's going to be coming onto these conveyor belts
当传送带被移去之后 and then when the conveyor belts are removed
它们会成为下面的临时框架 they'll be moment frames underneath it, replacing it.
接着你会得到一个基础结构 And then you'll get, you'll end up with this basic
它是被剪形顶器提起来的 structure that's lifted up on the scissors jacks,
接着结构体系开始运作 and then structural system is put into play.
这是我们现在关于Burst*房屋的过程的所得 So that's where we are with this process of
它被看作一个系统和一个理念 the Burst* house as a system and an idea,
希望也会是一个可复制的建筑 and hopefully a replicable architecture.
谢谢 Thank-you.
大家有问题吗 Any questions?
什么结构上变了 So what changes structurally when the brackets
现在是铰链代替了支架了吗 are now hinges instead of brackets?
没有 铰链没有完全 Nothing. The hinges don't really,
X型固定夹没有用在水平面上 the x-clips do nothing in the horizontal.
它们只是修剪 没有什么关系 They're only shear, so it doesn't matter.
铰链 外皮是起解决这个问题的地方 The hinges, so the skin is what takes care of the issue
外皮起到最初的修剪 The skin is the primary shear.
第二层修剪是内部的 The secondary shear are the interior
墙体和钢桁架 walls and the steel trusses.
将钢桁架放下 So bringing the steel trusses down,
以及房屋下的临时框架 and the moment frames that are underneath the house,
受力就在这里 so the force is there.
我们想做的就是 What we're looking forward to
建造不同的规划 is building different programs.
环境是如何影响了内部 How does the environment affect the interior?
没有影响 房屋外层有 It doesn't. The house is covered with
20毫米的外皮 基本上是树脂 a 20 mm skin that is basically a resin.
是树脂外皮 Its basically a resin skin
可以控制300%的扩张 that can handle a 300 percent expansion .
所以环境不会改变材料 So the environment isn't going to change
它仍然将是夹板 the material it's still going to be plywood,
如果有人想用红木做内部材料 you know if somebody wanted a mahogany
我们可以做 wood interior we would be open to it
我们为 Dr. Pepper做了一个玻璃的 and we did one for Dr. Pepper out of glass,
这是为Bubble大赛的一个乐队做的 it's for the Band in a Bubble competition,
他们不是很理解它 但是从环境上来说 they didn't quite get it but environmentally
它是更关于垂悬 方位 it's more about the overhangs, the orientation,
透气 以及绝缘 the breathability, the insulation.
我们五月时做了一个 We've been asked to do one in May
会有一个截然不同的 that's going to have a very different
环境情况 environmental condition so what
我们所做的就是换了颜料 we do is simply change the pigments.
这是屋顶和墙体 Those are what the roof and wall,
他们基本上是8到6英尺厚 they are basically 8 and 6 inches thick and
地板是最少10英尺厚 the floors are 10 inches minimum.
我们就改变了材料的厚度 So we simply change those thicknesses or put in,
我们会在地板上做的就是加入嵌板 what we'll probably do on the floors is put in panels
因此它就可以应对更粗糙的平面 so that it can handle the rougher level.
因此环境 有趣的一件事就是 So the environment, one of the interesting things
如果你有 is that what if you have,
如果你看了Eichler房屋 if you look at the Eichler houses,
如果它们在街上 if they're on the street,
它们想让太阳从南边射进来 they want the sun coming in the south
如果它是在街的南边 if it's on the south side of the street,
如果它们想要有隐秘性 or if they want privacy,
你一般会加上外皮或是稀松的窗帘布 you tend to put up things like a skin or a scrim,
屋子的所有设计 and all that language is in the house,
某种程度来说 你是在利用 and sort of just how you re-use that
同样的设计解决不同问题 language for different problems.
环境事实上是最有趣的部分 Environment is actually the funnest part because
因为它最像我们工程师用的方法论 it's most similar to the methodology our engineers
因此更容易这样改变它 use, so it's easy to sort of tweak it that way.
第二轮实际上是 The next round of it is actually a much more
比你们现在看到的更复杂的数字模型 sophisticated digital model to what you're seeing here.
数字模型很精确 The digital model is precise,
但是还不够精细 but it's not sophisticated with regards to
如果考虑到环境的话 the environment quite yet.
大家没有问题了 All set?
非常感谢 Thank-you very much.