消极革命常常与意大利的马克思主义者 Passive revolution is a term commonly associated
安东尼奥 葛兰西联系在一起 with the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci.
它涉及到一种观念和一个过程 It refers to both a concept and a process in terms
一是现代国家成立的不连续特点 of one, a ruptural feature of modern state formation;
二是一种持续的重组扩张 and two, an on-going reorganization expansion
巩固资本主义生产方式 and indeed consolidation of capitalist mode of production.
曾经虽然你被告知消极革命 Once you've been aware though
不会转化成实质的消极进程 that it does not translate into a literally passive process
但也能够变得暴力并造成大的变革 but can be violent and indeed ruptural or revolutionary.
这与从上而下的革命以及 It relates to revolutions from above as well as demands
底层的人民群众的需求相关 from the popular masses from below.
按照其历史解释 And in terms of its historical explanation,
它涉及到资本主义整合 it refers to capitalist consolidation,
不论是1861年的意大利复兴运动 whether it being Italian Risorgimento of 1861,
日本的明治维新 the Meiji Restoration in Japan,
上世纪一二十年代的墨西哥革命 the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to '20
还是现代土耳其国家的建立 or indeed modern state formation in Turkey.
也涉及到资本主义重组 It also refers to Capitalist reorganization,
二十世纪二十年代的意大利法西斯主义 Italian Fascism in the 1920s,
二十世纪三十年代的日本昭和民族主义 Showa Nationalism in Japan in the 1930s,
以及墨西哥新自由主义进程 and indeed the process of neoliberalism in Mexico.
嘀嘀嘀 [BEEP]
再有三秒钟我就能讲完了 Just three more seconds I would have, would have had it all.
嘀嘀嘀 [BEEP]
很多人的都是事不过三 What a lot of people's goals
不然就出局了 is how many slide three strikes and you're out.