灾难撼动了我们对每天生活的期待 Disasters shake up our everyday expectations.
然而 在历史和文化的范例里 However, disasters are also experienced
也有灾难的身影 within historical and cultural paradigms.
历史上 我们将灾难看作是上帝的旨意 Historically, we can identify disasters as acts of God,
看作是自然之力 看作是对人类所犯错误的惩罚 disasters as acts of nature, and disasters attributed to human error.
为什么这很重要 Why does this matter?
这在我们可能如何回应灾难以及 Well, it matters in terms of how we might respond to disasters
我们对人们如何应对灾难的期待等方面是很重要 and our expectations of how people respond to disasters.
上帝旨意的说法与斯多葛主义有关 Acts of God are associated with stoicism.
自然之力的说法与挑衅的信心和媒介有关 Acts of nature is associated with defiant confidence and agency.
人类之力的说法质询着作为进步着的 Acts of humanity question the nature of humanity
人类的本性 as progressive beings.
再来一遍 Start again.
我用了多长时间 That's how much time I've got?
好的 Yeah.