我非常愿意帮助别人将工作打理得有条不紊 One of my passions is to help people kind of get organized
这样他们就不会在学期结束时 so that they don't end up at the end of the quarter
有一大箱论文需要批改 with a big box of papers
箱子越大 You know the bigger the box gets
你的工作动力就越小 the lower your motivation gets
你批阅的学生论文越多 Further you get from a paper that the students have written
这份工作对你的意义也就越小 the less it means to you
因为你从他们身上学到的东西变少了 because the big learning that went around with it is gone
这就像清理公司一样 You know it's certain like cleaning-up after a company
聚会很有意思 其他工作也是如此 The party was really fun, and other is
我这里打算做一些实用的工作 So I kind of did some practical things here
玛格丽特给这个研讨会起了个名字是"爱和祝愿" Margret names the seminars of "to loves and wish"
这是好事 which is...it's a great thing
我们在教学活动中总是会用到这两个工具 It's something we use and teach all the time
我要向大家说明如何使用它们 and I'll show you how to use that
以便更好的对学生进行评价 around the whole issue of getting an evaluation
随着课程的进行 帮助我们成为好老师 that really helps you to learn to be a better teacher
更好的和学生展开对话 and have a conversation with your students while the class is going on
而不是只讨论教学的问题 instead of not saying anything about the teaching
然后学生对你打分 Then getting the EVAL
我遇见老师告诉我 and as I pat faculty tell me
他们对评教结果感到很伤心 and then weeping over some things
他们说 太难了 that people would have said "It's pretty tough
我的第一年不值得 My first year weren't worth."
我给学生讲解政教分离 I was explaining this separation of Church and State
我很喜欢讲这个问题 and I really loved it
因为我不想我的侄女和侄子 because I didn't want my nieces and nephews
改信其他宗教 getting proselytized by other fates
结果学生在评教中写道 They wrote these EVALs
他们觉得我不是基督教徒 that they didn't think that I was a Christian
他们不知道我是怎么信教的 they didn't know how I got there
我感到很吃惊 然后我说 It was very surprising to me, and I said
我应该重新构建这个理论 "I think I'd better reframe that."
因此 你会为你读到的东西感到吃惊 So you know it's surprising what you read
我们了解到的是 What we know is
反馈和师生关系是两个重要的问题 that feedback and relationships are two of the biggest things
是我们手里最强大的工具 the biggest tools we have
人们总是在说 People tell all the time
我的学生好像没什么兴趣 my students don't seem interested
他们不按计划来 They don't stay on this schedule
他们根本不读书 They don't do the reading
我经常问学生 I ask the students often
你们为什么不读书? "Why don't you do the reading?"
他们的回答是 and they say
没必要 "We don't have to
因为老师会讲 because the professor's gonna talk."
所以我们不用读书 So we don't have to read
我们只需要装作很感兴趣就可以了 We can just sort of try to look interested
如果这个班很大 If the class is big enough
他们不会被老师抽问 they won't be called on
这是个大问题 So that's a big deal
反馈信息很多 The feedback is huge
信息反馈速度越快 The feedback is...the faster the feedback is
老师们越能发现问题 the more it gives them a wake-up call
这是惊人的结果 It's really scary in fact
有时是他们的首要任务 sometimes, their very first thing
我说 and I say
你们有机会重新写一遍这篇论文 "You know, you're gonna have a chance to do this paper over
但我在批改论文时 but I'm gonna critique it
会把你们当成高年级学生 as though you actually were like a junior
而且你们必须写作 and you had to write."
因此所有学生交上来的作文都做这样的处理 So every paper from there has to come back like that
20分的满分 我给他们17分 So I put 17 points out of 20
这样学生就服从你的安排了 and they're just going to melt down
这也是你的意图 which is exactly what you want
你需要出现在学生的雷达表上 You want you are on their radar screen really big now
然后学生回到家后对论文进行修改 Then they go home and fix all up
有些地方他们不知道如何修改 The things that they don't know how to fix
我们会花几分钟来讨论这些问题 We spend a few minutes talking about those
因为如果学生交上来的论文质量很糟 Because when they turn in a poor work
那么你就要花上两到三倍的时间去批改 takes two or three times as long to grade it
而且我遇到的情况是 and plus what happens to me
如果我读了10遍相同的论文 It's so nettlesome and boring
我会感觉烦躁和无聊 that I find myself reading same page ten times
这就是为什么托马德斯卡 This is how Tomadesca to where he drinks
他一天之内喝了很多咖啡 you know, like a pound of coffee a day
因为前面的工作还没有做完 后面的又来了 because the work comes in and it's not cleaned up
因此 反馈的信息量是很大的 So feedback is huge
如果可以进行修正 If it can be corrective
特别是当我们没有时间 and especially since we don't have time to teach
教学生我们对这些问题的标准时 what our standards are around these things
比如写作和写作格式的标准 around writing and maybe the format
你首先 而且最好告诉学生 the first, the best way to do it is to say
我知道你们已经尽力了 "I know you did your best
我们下次来听你的论文 Now it gets up to hear by next time."
然后他们就会重做一遍 And then they redo it
他们会关注那些错误 So they have to pay attention to those errors
因此 我打算在每堂课里推行这种方法 So I'd like to turn things around every class session
我在星期一和学生见面 I see them on Monday
星期三时学生们便回来了 by Wednesday they get it back
你不得不采取的方式是 The way you have to do that is
你必须在你的教学计划中确立一个评阅周期 you have to build a grading cycle into your schedule on outlook
否则评阅周期就无法实现 or it won't happen
我这样做有这么几个理由 I have several reasons for doing that
首先 我希望学生和我在一起 One, I want them with me
我已经毕业了 I've already graduated
所以我不需要学分 so I don't really need the credit
这确实是为了他们好 So you know, it's really for them
其次 我讨厌论文堆积成山的样子 Two is that I hate when the papers build up
因为这使我不得不带一些论文回家 because then I'm forced to drag something home
再花很多时间批阅论文 and spend hours on it
第三 我立即就可以了解学生的学习情况 Three, I can tell what they learnt right away
然后 下一堂课时 Then the next session
当学生没有和我在一起时 Then I'm...what I'm doing is when they are not with me
我拿到了他们的功课 and I've got their work
我可以将他们的功课带入下一堂课 I'm getting ready to bring that back into the next session
前后课堂之间是有联系的 There's a connection
所以 如果你批阅了他们的功课 So if you read the work
你收获了很多 这是很重大的收获 you get it back, it's a big deal
可以帮你很多忙 It really helps a lot
有点像你已经60多岁了 So it's sort of equivalent to when you are 60 years old
穿着褪色的套装站在台上 standing with your fading suit on
三面都是镜子 and it's a three way mirror
你看到自己的身材 感觉很不好 it's not that pleasant
你不想再看到那样的自己 You'd like not to do that again
我不知道男同志是怎样的 I don't know what the male equivalent is for that
我知道他们会为掉头发而苦恼 I know they get very upset about their hair falling off their head
也为耳朵毛太长而烦心 and growing out of their ears
我觉得他们这样也很酷 which I think it's quite cool
但 哇 我没想到是这样 But that whole thing of "Wow, I wasn't expecting this
我太震惊了 and what a shock it is!"
是你可以预料的结果 is sort of what you're hoping for
我们应该给学生重做的机会 With the grace of "Let's have you redo that
门槛就是这么高 This is what the bar looks like."
你从学生那里收来的功课就大不相同了 It's amazing what kind of work you get from them
你们有没有人给学生布置功课 So do any of you have that when you give them something to do
然后他们将功课交回来 and they come back with it
不是大学的功课 或研究生功课 it's not really a college work or graduate work
非常的令人吃惊 It's sort of surprising
因此我们有几种类型的评估方式 So we have a couple of types of assessment
你可能已经知道 You probably have already known that
学习活动必须打破形式的桎梏 formative is the wall we're going through the learning
情况怎么样呢 What's happening
这还没有结束 and some haven't even said the end
我现在准备好 So if I'm ready to do a formative assessment
对我的教学活动进行测评 of my teaching right now, I would say
我说 I would say
你们觉得我们到目前为止讲了些什么? "What do you think we've been talking about so far?"
不是假设性的 It's not hypothetical
你们可以告诉我到现在讲了些什么 so you can tell me what we've been talking about so far
是的 我们讲到了反馈和测评 Yes, we were talking about feedback and assessment
以及门槛的高低 and how high the bar is
看到了吗 这样就很好 You see? That's good
这样你就可以了解 So then you're actually trying to find out
学生是否跟上了你的思路 if somebody's in the room with you
这是很重要的 which is an important thing
非常好 So that's good
有人甚至告诉我 Somebody even said the end
能够来给老师们做培训 I find when...I'm honored
我感到很荣幸 that I get to coach teachers here on campus
他们经常做的一件事是 and one of the things that they do often
他们会遇到麻烦 they get in trouble
有些人可以考得很好 Some people may do this well
他们的中期和期末考试成绩很好 they may do fine with midterm and the final
这些都是重大的测试 and that's all for the big assessment
但你的工作量却很大 But what happens first of all, you're going to overload yourself
因为你要准备这两次考试 because you have these two big assessments
期末的考试尤其重大 and a huge one is coming at the end
还有一个经常出现的情况是 The other thing that happens often is that
学生第一次看到这种形式 that's the first time that the students have seen the format
看到你提出的问题 or the kind of question you do
他们看到了 They get a low grade
因为他们的分数很低 so they are going to see
现在他们的补考成绩很好 Now they get retest well at the end
可以弥补前面的不足 to just pull that up
我不知道是否通过学生的考试成绩 I'm not sure if we're measuring what they know
可以评估我们的考核方法是否合理 as much as we're measuring our testing method
因此我要求你们做三件事 So I say do three things
一学期10周到11周 It's a little hard in 10 or 11 weeks
特别是如果你星期一有课 especially if you teach on Mondays
而且还要上八节 那么你会觉得很困难 when it drops to eight
但如果你提前开始 But if you do something early
如前4周 say 4 weeks in
讲书上的内容 然后考核 and I always do a heavy textbook test then
那么在接下来的4周内 Then in the sort of next 4
由学生来主持课堂 they do presentations
你可以全程让学生来操作 or you can do that adder and stagger in all the way through
如果你有三周的时间 So if you have three
那么在批改作业 it's more even
和接收反馈信息上 你可以平均分配时间 in terms of your cycle of grading and your cycle of giving them feedback
而且我认为这样做更公平 and plus I think it's more fair
因为你们都知道 because as you know, if you are...
很多时候 期中考试开始于第5或第6周 a lot of time the midterm is given in the 5th or the 6th week
那个时候再督促学生学习就太晚了 it's pretty late to wake them up by then
所以我喜欢在一开始的时候就让学生紧张起来 So l like to get their little hearts jump started before that if I can
学生会很想念你的 and then they start to miss you seriously
你会感到 And that's become
现在是接收反馈信息的时候了 "Wow, that's a big feedback right now."
我确实认为学生陈述课程是极好的方法 So I really think student presentations are a fabulous thing to do
我前几天就这样做了 as working with some of the other days
我的班里一共有80个学生 I have 80 people in my class
是必修课 而且学生们不感兴趣 and it's required and they are not interested in it
我说 你们分组了吗? I said, "Have you put them in groups?"
没有 那么你们有专业吗? well, no, will you have all majors?
所有专业 All majors?
是的 Right, yes
那么护理专业的学生分成一组 So why aren't the nurses in the cohort?
历史的学生分成一组 And people that want be history in the cohort?
看这些学生对你的话题有什么见解 It would be interesting to see what their spin
是非常有趣的 on your topic would be
他们可以从自己的专业出发补充些什么信息 what can they add from that particular lands
他们有一个核心团队 and they have a core group
这是件大事 So that's a huge thing
还有一件大事 One of the huge things about...
我称之为"元组" I call them "home groups"
我将学生分成三个人一个的小组 as I put students in groups of three
然后说 小组来给你们发讲义 and I say "They'll get the handouts for you
为你们记笔记 They'll take notes for you
因为我不会做这些事了 Because I don't want to do that."
我不要为你们做笔记 I don't want to take notes for you
我不给你们发讲义 I don't want to give you the handout
我不记得我们做了些什么 I can't even remember what we did
我还没到进养老院的年龄 I'm not ready for the nursing home
但我已经教了33年的书了 which just I've been teaching 33 years
我们的一天就是这样度过的 So that's just one more day that went by
所以学生们在元组里找到了安全感 So the home group is a place for them to have safety
他们可以一起考试 and they can take their quizzes together
我发起了修整计划 I call the renovating program
有利于提高学生的安全感 It sort of helps them feel safe
因此学生们积极参与小组活动 so they are very committed to that group
在小组中畅所欲言 They get to talk
他们考试的时候 So while they are getting a quiz
他们一起讨论知识要点 they are talking about all the knowledge together
他们不能翻书 They can't use their books or anything
完全闭卷考试 they have to come in cold and do it
可能这和期末或半期考试不一样 Maybe that's not how you do their final or their midterm
但却对他们的帮助很大 but it's a great way for them to do
如果他们不读书 They are not gonna, not do the reading
就会陷入尴尬的境地 because that is really embarrassing
因为其他人会问你的想法 People say "what do you think?"
而你却不知道 and you don't know
所以学生们感觉到了来自同伴的压力 So the peer pressure is built into that
这也是一件好事 that's a great thing too
所以学生的陈述活动真的很有用 So the presentation is really helpful
我喜欢这种方法的另一个原因是 The other reason I like those is that
当我还是一名中学老师时 when I was a high school teacher
我曾经对我的学生们说 I used to say to kids
我想不通为什么为了你们的学习成绩 "I don't get why I'm working harder
我比你们还用功 on your grades than you are
肯定有地方出了问题 There's something wrong here."
我们很多人经常都会有这样的感受 A lot of time we feel that we are doing that here
所以如果你把学生分成不同的小组 So if you put them in groups
告诉他们 我要你们来陈述这个主题 and say "I want you to present on these topics."
那么内容就丰富了 It's very rich
他们不得不 They have to...
无聊他们是否喜欢这门课 whether or not they like the class
无论他们是否对课程内容感兴趣 or interested in the content
他们都必须在课堂上讲点什么 they have to develop something to bring back to the class
我发现课堂陈述具有惊人的效果 I find the presentations are pretty amazing
特别学生经常都有创造性的观点 especially if there's any creativity involved
好的 这非常有趣 Ok. This is interesting
师生关系是另一个强大的工具 Relationships are another big tool
我很赞同这篇文章的观点 and I like this article
文章这样写道 It's said
不管老师是否在意 "Whether or not teachers care
师生关系都建立在认知的基础之上 it's perception based."
换句话说 你可以不懂装懂 我们都这样做 In other words, you can fake it, as we all do
没有人每天醒来都知道自己要做什么 I mean nobody wakes up every day we are to go
我们是否应该关心我们的生活? So shall we interested in their lives?
永远不要放弃友好的处事方法 Advocating, never giving up acting friendly
我认为这也是令人惊奇的 That was amazing to me
当我还在教高中时 When I taught in high school
学生们说 they said
我们觉得老师们并不关心我们 "We don't think our teachers care about us."
我说 And I said
我们每天工作12个小时 "We are all working 12 hours a day
一个小时才4.5美元 4.50 dollars
你觉得我在这里干什么? What do you think we are doing here?
我们不关心你们? We don't care about you?"
但学生们不这样认为 But they did not translate that
所以这是个有趣的现象 So that's pretty...this is pretty interesting
我认识一位岗扎加大学的教授 I have a professor in Gonzaga
我很喜欢她 I just loved her
每次我们去上她的课 她会说 Whenever we came to class, she came up, she would say
我叫艾克逊 "My name's Aisksen."
然后她会和我们握手 And she would just shake hands
我们都很喜欢她 We just loved her
她非常平易近人 It was a personal thing
她说 你好 She said hi
学生也说你好 and students liked that
这很重要 it's pretty important
所以师生关系的影响力非常巨大 So relationships pack a punch
最让人遗憾的情况莫过于 One of the saddest things is
你的教学方法和教学策略都完美无缺 your pedagogy and your strategies can be perfect
但如果学生们认为你不关心他们 but if they don't think you care
那就全完了 it can erode it completely
这就是师生关系的影响力 That's how powerful it is
因此 爱和祝福都是伟大的 So to love and wish is a great thing
我会在第3周或第4周时 I just tell the students at week 4 or 3
要求学生提交一份匿名的意见表 rebuff a half sheet with no names on it
写明两个他们认为这门课最有用的地方 tell me two things that are really working well in this class for you
一个他们认为不足的地方 and one thing that isn't
让人难以置信 It's fabulous
学生真的在表扬你 You actually get compliments
他们从来不说出来 You're never going to get those aloud
他们不会鼓掌 They don't clap
不会给你现金奖励或礼物 they don't send cash prizes and gifts
他们只是离开你的课堂 they just leave
这是了不起的成就 This is great
你因此发现哪些地方做得很好 So you find what things are really working well
哪些地方他们希望你改进 and what things they would like to do differently in your...
哪些地方不足 something that isn't working
令人难以置信 It's fabulous
最后的结果有利于你的测试结果 Then what it does is that it really saves your evaluation
因为你可以说 because you are able to say...
就像学生们上次对我说的一样 like they said to me last time
这些电影太无聊了 "These films are boring."
那些都是有关美国教育史的影片 These are the films of the history of American education
我认为这些课程很好 I think they are fabulous of course
我说 I said
你们觉得电影无聊 我感到很遗憾 "You know what, I'm so sorry that you're bored with these films
我不知道你们为什么感到无聊 I don't understand exactly what that means
我们来讨论讨论吧 so let's talk about it."
然后我了解了他们对电影的看法 And I've got their blogging during the film
他们不是仅仅坐在那里 表现得很有兴趣 It's not like they have to sit there and look interested
他们提出了一些很重要的问题 They had critical questions to do
他们说 They said
电影有点枯燥 "Well, they are a little dry."
我说 And I said
我听说了 所以我们才要看电影 "You know, I hear that, because of that we're gonna watch them."
因为如果你从事的是教育行业 Because when you are in education
你连这门学科的历史都不知道 and you don't know the history of the field
那么当你站在讲台上时 it's like you're standing up there
你就会感觉浑身无力 and you're sort of visible and vulnerable
所以无论如何我们都要看影片 So we're gonna do that anyway
但我们可以中途停下来 but maybe we can break it up a little more or whatever
这样就给了你继续让学生学习这部分知识的理由 But it gives you a chance to defend what you're doing
也给了学生发表意见的机会 And it gives them a voice
我现在回过头去看 Now I'm kind of rethinking that
我确实认为这是非常重要的方式 but I really think that was an important thing
爱和祝福使你得到学生的反馈信息 To loves and wish gives your feedback
这样你就不需要从头到尾的上完这堂课 so that you don't go through the whole course
最后还得到一个差评 and then get a terrible EVAL
为什么不和你的学生们谈谈 Why not have a conversation
这门课到底是怎么回事呢? about why all is happening?