好 我们开始今晚的小组讨论 So, we're gonna begin our panel discussion tonight
我是主持人 I'm gonna be the moderator
我们会向专家小组的其中一个成员直接提问 We're going to do this by asking a direct question to one of the panelists
由该成员来回答这个问题 The panelists are gonna give us response
我们提出的问题 I've try to organize these questions around
以小组成员的专业领域和研究兴趣为基础 what I think are the panelists' area of expertise and interest
但回答者不限于该提问对象 but that panelist is not limited to the only person
其他能够回答该问题的人也可以回答 being able to answer the question
他们可以把话筒传给别人 So they may pass the microphone down to someone else
由后者来作答 and give some responses
他们回答完之后我会提一些探索性的后续问题 I'm gonna have some probe-in questions as follow-up
我们最后可能会偏离主题 We may end up going up from some rapid trails for little bit
但我会把大家的思路拉回来 but I'll always pull us back
我会针对每个小组成员 I've got at least one question that's directed at
至少提一个直接性的问题 each one of these panelist
最后 At the end
我们还有一个问答环节 we're gonna have some time for question and answer
开始提问之前 Before we begin with the questions
我想向大家介绍 I'd like to introduce...
我们已经向你们介绍了杰 you've already been introduced to Jay
也介绍了玛丽 爱丽丝 and you've been introduced to Mary Alice
下面我来介绍其他三名专家 So let me introduce the remaining three panelists
马基 佩雷奇博士 谢谢 Dr. Marge Plecki, thank you
是华盛顿大学研究教育领导 is Associate Professor of Educational Leadership
和政策研究的副教授 and Policy Studies at the University of Washington
她的研究和授课领域包括 Her research and teaching expertise includes
学校财务 教育经济学 school finance, the economics of education
教育政策评估 education policy evaluation
以及用于改善学校条件的资源分配 and allocation of resources for school improvement
她出版了大量的论文 著作和报道 She has numerous articles, book chapters, and reports published
她于加州大学伯克利分校获得博士学位 She earned her doctor from University of California, Berkley
杜南 贝克 Duane Baker
杜南 贝克博士是贝克评估研究及咨询公司 Dr. Duane Baker is founder and President of
的创始人和总裁 Baker Evaluation Research and Consulting Incorporated
该公司通常被人们称为BERC集团 or more commonly called the BERC Group
贝克博士曾经担任过授课教师 Dr. Baker serves as a classroom teacher
学校行政人员 school administrator
以及K-12学校的助理校监 and assistant superintendent in K-12 School
当前 BERC集团致力于在全国 州 The BERC Group is currently working on research and evaluation projects
区域和社区层面 对全国一千多家学校的 at the national, state, regional, district school classroom
课堂教育和学生水平开展研究和评估 and student levels in over 1000 schools nationally
他从西雅图太平洋大学获得博士学位 He earned his doctor from Seattle Pacific University
坐在中间的是麦克拉 米勒女士 Ms. Michaela Miller, right there in the middle
她担任教师校长评估项目的经理 She serves as the Teacher Principal of Evaluation Project manager
从2007年开始便一直领导着 and led the state's National Board Certification Program
本州的公共教育监管办事处的工作 of OSPI since 2007
她在学校行政部门和地区学校中 She works for 13 years as a teacher and teacher leader
担任了13年的教师和教师领导 at the building and district levels
她还获得了国家委员会资格证书 She also has National Boards Certification
她在岗扎加大学获得硕士学位 She earned her Master's Degree from Gonzaga University
从西雅图太平洋大学获得校长资格 and Principal Certification from Seattle Pacific University
我们确定今晚的主题是 Now when we were determining the topic for tonight's event
教师素质 教师的有效性 teacher quality, teacher effectiveness
因为我们认为台上的嘉宾都是这一领域的专家 we feel like this forum would be greatly benefitted from having panelists
他们的专业知识有利于该主题的讨论 who have a lot of expertise in this area
我想这几位嘉宾 I feel like the panel sitting before us is
都是这一领域的著名专家 very well-known in this area
他们能来参加今晚的讨论 We're very proud, very excited
我们感到既骄傲又激动 that they are here to be with us tonight
我的第一个问题要问玛丽 爱丽丝 So my first question is for Mary Alice
她已经拿到话筒准备好回答了 That's why she has a microphone setting right in front of her
正如你们在录像中看到的 Mary Alice as you saw the video
玛丽爱丽丝在改善学校环境 has lots of experience
帮助区域学校的学生学习方面 working with improving schools
有相当多的经验 making a difference in terms of student learning at the district level
很显然 It's clear that student learning really begins
学生的学习活动始于课堂的教学活动 with teaching in the classroom
所以我要问玛丽爱丽丝的第一个问题是 So my first question to Mary Alice is
教师的素质 或教师的有效性 what is the impact of teacher quality
会对学生的学习活动产生什么样的影响? or teacher effectiveness on student learning?
这是个很难回答的问题 Well, that's hard
事实上 我想在座各位都知道 Actually, I think everyone here knows that
课堂的教学质量是成败的关键 the quality in the classroom is what makes the difference
我有幸以兰顿市为例 I have the privilege of representing Renton
兰顿的教学团队改变了课堂中 The team in Renton is what has changed
学生获得成功以及取得成就的方式 the success and the achievement of students in the classrooms
教师应该对工作投入 So teachers who have the commitment
应满怀激情 who have the passion
应关心孩子 who care about kids
应该关心自己的授课内容 the basics care about their content areas
特别是中学教师 especially talking about the secondary
这些素质都非常的重要 those things are all really important
但和5年前的课堂相比 But the classrooms today are very different
今天的课堂已经发生了巨大的变化 than they were even 5 years ago
教师需要具备广泛的技巧 The skills that are needed to meet the diverse learning needs
才可以应对课堂中学生多样化的学习需求 of students in the classrooms are vast
因此应该对教师提供支持 Support is necessary for teachers
持续不断的职业发展 Ongoing professional development
内涵式工作 job embedded
以及教学研究活动 all of the research based practice
都应以满足学生各种学习需求为目的 are around supporting teachers to meet those diverse learning needs
在兰顿 In Renton
我们为教职工提供了全方位的服务 we have the wrap-around services for staff
不仅仅是针对学生的全方位式服务 not just the wrap-around services for students
因此教师需要得到支持 So teachers need to be supported
而我们的工作也需要向教师提供支持 and our work needs to be supporting teachers
不是去批评 not the bashing that happens
也不是根据一些数据就对学校或区域贴标签 or the use of data that is inappropriately
这些做法都是不妥的 labeling schools or districts
数据的作用是为必要的改革措施 The data needs to be used to drive instruction
提供指导 示范和支持 and practice and support for the changes that need to be put in place
确定框架 说明什么是素质 So having a framework of what is quality
什么是有素质的教师 what is quality teacher
什么是教师素质指导 what is quality instruction
它们到底什么样 what does it look like
这听起来 感觉起来 sound like, feel like
这些都是我们必须明确和确认的目标 We have to have that specified, identified
我们兰顿的团队必须开发出这样的框架 We have to develop that as a team in Renton
必须以持续性和改进性的模式 and can speak to quality instruction and support improvements
来说明什么是教师素质指导和改进性支持 on a continuous and improvement model
因此 我认为这一系统对于 So I think the system is just as important to
持续不断的提高教师素质非常重要 support improving quality on an ongoing basis
因为这方面的需求非常的巨大 because the needs are pretty huge
我想你们大多数教育界人士都清楚这点 I think most of you know that if you are in the field of education
谢谢 Thank you
我再提一个后续性问题 Let me ask a follow-up
台上任何嘉宾都可以回答 This could be for anybody in the panel
你们认为和其他因素相比 What do you think is the relative contribution of teaching
教学活动对学生的学习活动产生了哪些影响? on student learning
因为相比而言 还有一些外部和内部因素 when compared to other external or even internal factors
外部因素 如贫穷和家长教育 such as poverty, parental education
内部因素如我们的课程设置 internal factors like the curriculum that we use in the classroom
教学设备和技术等 the facilities that we are teaching, technology and so on?
相比较于其他因素 Can you kind of rate this idea about teacher quality
你认为教师素质起到的作用有多大? along with those other factors?
重要性有多大? How important is this?
深入探讨一下 It's gonna take a dig on
杰 好的 杰 Jay, all right, Jay
贝克博士有些有趣的内容可以讲 Dr. Baker has some interesting things to say
他是研讨会小组成员 He is a seminar
当我们谈论免费午餐 when we were talking about free reduced lunch
以及基于教师素质的考试成绩质量 and quality of test scores based on teacher quality
可能他可以谈谈这些话题 so maybe he can talk about that. I drag it down
应该对测量教师对课堂产生的影响大小 But the impact of teachers on the classroom can necessarily be measured
我认为教师素质是一个难以确定的项目 I think it's such, almost indefinable kind of quality
但你却能感觉得到 but you know when you see it
这很奇怪 It's strange that way
我们在课堂上谈到了英雄 We've got down talking about heroes in my classroom
我认为英雄的特质 and I was similar characteristics that we lay out for heroes
同样也体现在教师身上 that we thought about
这就是老师带给我们的灵感 动力和勇气 teachers' inspirational, motivating, brave
他们已经开始讨论这些素质了 They just started talking about all these different qualities
我在好老师身上都看到了这些素质 And these same qualities I've seen in great teachers
他们身上都聚集了这些良好的素质 You know you've got all these other great factors that are in there
但一个好老师就像一个制陶工人一样 but a great teacher is like a potter
我还是个新手陶工 I'm a novice potter
我感觉身边的学生都是些粘土 I just feel that clay moving around there
有很多影响因素 you've got all these other factors
但在正确的人的手中 在教室里 but in the right hands, in the classroom
粘土就会变成被塑造成器 the clay does what it is meant to do or what it should do
但这需要大师级的陶工 but it takes that, it takes that master potter
去塑造他们 to be able to do those kinds of things
需要他们纯熟的知识去塑造学生 that kind of adept knowledge
其他在座各位想不想就这个问题发表看法 Anybody else on the panel and take a shot at this
即前面提到的 教师素质和其他因素的联系 "how does teacher quality relate to
和其他因素相比 教师素质的作用是什么 or compare to these other factors that I mentioned
有没有其他人愿意发表意见? that others like to mention?"
好的 我来谈谈这个问题 Ok, I'm gonna take the step
我是这里唯一没在西雅图太平洋大学读过书的人 The only person on this panel with no SPU in my blood
我也不知道我怎么来的 I don't know how I got here
这个问题问得很好 It's a really good question
我想当我们思考教师素质时 I think one of the things when we think about the teacher quality
我们应该对这个概念进行一些扩展 is to try to expand that idea a little bit
并不是说 It's not just about...
是的 教师个体非常的重要 well, the individual teacher matters enormously
课堂里的教师应该富有进取心 关心学生 You can have very motivated, caring
是一群高素质的人 well-qualified people working in classrooms
即使在没有物质支持 where without the material support
即使他们的工作没有得到高质量的支持 without the high quality support for that work
教师也能够在课堂上出色发挥 that teachers do across the continuum
我们教师的作用是异于其他因素的 We have differential effects
提到物质资料和课程设置 So the materials and curriculum clearly
我认为它们之间没有什么可比性 but I don't think it's about rating necessarily one versus the other
但应该研究如何对它们进行整合 but how do these things come together
如何实现它们之间的相辅相成 how do they interact with one another
因此当我们考虑到 So when we think about not only...
我知道还有一个论坛讨论的是区域学校的问题 I know one of the other forums is going to be about schools in districts
我们应该对这些因素进行整合 All of these elements have to come together
它们都会对教师每天的教学活动产生影响 and they bear on the work of classroom teachers every single day
因此 我认为我们面临的挑战是 So I think one of the challenges we have is trying to think about
我们不应仅仅关注个别教师的教学活动 not only the individuals they are working
而应该系统思考 but how do we systematically think about
综合性因素如何对教师工作提供支持 the quality of support for their work
以及教师教学和学生学习的综合能力 and then the collective capacity of teachers on student learning
我认为这才是我们最终需要考虑的问题 That's I guess it's how I would think about for the end
我想今天早些时候 This one I think Jay for paying attention
杰已经讨论过了这个问题 during the previous workshop earlier today
我知道这个问题和 Even to know that the question has anything to do with
我讨论的话题有关 what I was talking about
这让我感觉很好 it makes me feel pretty good
我有点犹豫要不要提出这个话题 I kind of hesitate bringing this up
因为我知道专家小组会遇到这个问题 because I know it's gonna on panel
所以如果我现在提出来 I needed to have something inside for the saying
那就是我们主动说出来的 if I start it right now
我会说 天哪 就是这个问题 So I like "Oh, God, this is the only one."
就是这个问题 So I kind of wanna...I know it's the only one
我没有对这个问题做过多的思考 I am not really thinking about this a lot
正如马基博士谈到的 I think as what Marge said
这是个复杂的问题 this is really a complex issue
但我可以说在我们所处的时代中 But I can say that I think we are an era
我们的确看到了课堂教导与学生的成绩 where it's pretty exciting that we absolutely do know
之间存在很多的联系 we're seeing correlations with
这是令人激动的现象 instructional activities in the classroom and student achievement
同时也削弱了贫困带来的影响 And it is also mitigating impacts of poverty
我们对贫困 疾病和流动性的影响进行过研究 We've studied the impacts of poverty, ill and mobility
教导活动确实会影响并减弱贫困带来的影响 and instruction will actually impact and mitigate the impact of poverty
因此学生的成绩提高了 So test scores are higher
如果教师以一种方法实施教学 regardless of poverty
那么贫困将不再是问题 if teachers teach in a certain way
这就是说教师的素质很重要 So that's said the question has to do with teacher quality
我觉得我的回答和这个问题无关 and I don't think my answer has to do with that
我一直在考虑一个问题 I'm always struggling with this idea
即全国人民关注的都是教师的素质问题 that the national attention is on teacher quality
我认为 In my mind
这个概念和教学质量是有区别的 that's very different than teaching quality
教师... The teacher...there's a whole...
丹尼尔30年前提出的观点是正确的 surely Daniel has been right for over 30 years
我是说在课堂之外 so I mean just there are so many qualities to a teacher
教师还应该具备很多素质 beyond the classroom
但与这个教导方面的问题相关的是 but this issue of instruction has to do
课堂上的教学质量问题 with the teaching in the classrooms
因此 我认为我们处在这样一个时期 So I think we are in an era
是我们可以通过统计数据来观察 where we can show statistically
教导活动和学生成绩之间的联系 that it is correlated with student achievement
结果显示贫困的影响确实有所减弱 and it does mitigate the impacts of poverty
还有一些其他方面的影响 and some of those kind of things
有一些学校的硬件条件仍然非常恶劣 There are schools that are changing their practice
但他们也改革了教导方式 in horrible school conditions
如果这样的话 也是好事 That would be really nice if we had those things
我不知道是否有这方面的数据 I don't know if we have data on that piece
但在教学层面 but certainly on the teaching part
我认为教师的作用确实是不同的 the whole teacher parts really a different thing for me
所以我后面会多讲一些 So I'll add more to that later
杜南 后面我会专门问你 Actually, there's gonna be a question for you in a little bit, Duane
关于这个话题的问题 specifically about that
我想问 Let me ask a little
我先问问玛丽爱丽丝 I'm gonna go back to Mary Alice for just a minute
在兰顿地区 In the Renton school district
请把麦克风传给她 can you pass the microphone down yet?
作为学校领导 What you have been able to do is the school leader
或兰顿地区的督导团队 or your team in Renton to focus on
你们如何在课堂教学和学生学习方面作出努力 teaching and learning in the classroom on important parts
来改进学生的学习成效? that really make difference on student learning?
我要说我们得到了多方面的合作和支持 Well, I have to say we've had a lot of partnership and support
兰顿并不是孤军作战 Renton has not done this alone
我们从公共教育督导办公室获得资金 We have the summit grant working with OSPI
微软也给我们拨款 we have a Microsoft project grant
帮助我们改进数学教学 that helped us to focus on mathematics
但作为一个团队 But as a team
我们确实也做了研究 we really did look at the research
我们收集数据 We did data carry cells
改善学校和地区条件 the school improvement, district improvement process
如果你们熟悉这些工作的话 if you're familiar with that
邀请社区的参与 and involve our communities
我们邀请300多名利害相关人员 So we had over 300 stakeholders
对好的 坏的以及丑陋的地方进行监督 taking a look at the good and bad and the ugly
把这些问题提到台面上来讨论 putting it all on the table
这样我们就可以说 so we could say
就是这样的 "This is what is
我们可以以此控制 推进和发展相关的计划 what we can control and move forward, developed the plan
然后集中精力 and then had a fierce focus on fulfilling
实现计划中的要求和各项目标 those requirements and components of that plan."
我们在这个过程中得到了很多帮助 Again, we had a lots of help along the way
研究了一些较好的做法 and it really was taking a look at a research best practice
这些做法不一定得到了证实 not so much a proven practice, you know
我们可以对所有可能成功的 you can think about all different strategies
各种策略予以考虑 that can show implication of success
但我们确实需要考虑大规模实施这些策略的情况 but we really try to look at what works large scale
我们需要有突破性的成绩 We need breakthrough performance
有一些情况 We had some situations
我们用某种标签对学生进行分类 where student groups were
但却不能或过分的反映了学生的实际情况 under or over represented in certain categories
休学 开除 特殊教育 suspensions, expulsions, special education
这些都不是学生的正常状态 things that would not be a normal pattern for any group of students
因此我们采用了开诚布公的谈话形式 So the courageous conversations that frame that
采用规程的形式 and using protocol
我们有非常详细的规程 we had very specific protocol
如果你还没有使用过规程 if you haven't ever used the power protocols book
那么有几百万种规程可供你选择 There're a million different types that you can use
利用规程来开展开诚布公的谈话 Using that protocol to have the courageous conversations
因此这是一种安全的环境 so that was a safe environment
因为当人类在面对残酷的现实时 because it's pretty scary, and very individual and guilt
人们会感到害怕 会有负罪感 and fear and all of the human emotions
会流露出各种情绪 that go along with facing hard realities
我们立马就展开了对话 So we did that right off the bat
得到了学校管理委员会的支持 had the support of the school board
这对学校监管者来说很重要 very important for a superintendent
应该确保你走的每一步都得到这些帮助 making sure that they are with you by your side every step of the way
因此我们采取了团队形式 So we really did take team approach
在数据的基础上编写更多的问卷问题 and focused on data to drive more questions
我们不应该贴标签 不应该指责 And again, not label, not point fingers
因为从高中到初中 because we always do high school to middle school
到小学 到学前教育 到出生前 to elementary to before school to before birth to...
我们一直在怪这怪那的 you know, all of the blame game
我们应该关注我们在哪些方面可以施加影响 Really trying to look at what we could impact
然后集中解决这些问题 and focus on that
我们过去五年里就是这样做的 That's what we've done for the last five years
我们不能对家长说 You mean we can't say to parents
你们没有把你们最好的孩子给我们 you didn't send us your best kids
我们希望这样做 No, we try
但却不管用 but it doesn't work
谢谢 Thank you
我一会儿还会回到这个有关团队工作 I want to give back to that issue of teaming
和协作方面的问题上来 and collaboration a little bit later on
我在这里做了个记号 so I made a note
正如杜南提到的 But we are sort of talking around this issue
我们谈论了一些有关教师素质和教学质量的问题 of teacher quality or teaching quality as Duane said
我的这个问题是问杜南的 So a great step into my question for Duane
你认为教学质量有哪些特征? What do you say are the characteristics of teaching quality?
好 Ok, well
那些已经熟悉了规程制度的人 for those that are already familiar with the story of protocol
我可以先讲这个问题吗? can I just start with that?
我有关这个问题的背景信息 I mean, my background on that is just it comes from
来自于我们的研究结果 the research we've done on this
我们在两万多个课堂上做了实地调查 We've conducted over 20,000 classroom observations
大约1.6万个是在华盛顿州进行的 pretty about 16,000 of those are in Washington State
我们在教室里做30分钟的考察 so there is a 30 minute observation in the classrooms
研究各种因素和学生成绩之间的联系 correlating those with student achievements
我们并没有考察所有的细节内容 so not to go into all the details of it
但基本上看来 but basically what it is
教学内容并不仅仅限于知识层面 is there were not just teaching at the knowledge level
而是达到了概念层面 but at the conceptual level
因此 教学技能上的差别 So you know, the difference on skills will be
体现在课堂教学里 could be in the classrooms
在5节连堂课里 where there were, during just 5 period graph or say
在另一个教室里 It might be in another classroom
大家在讨论你的声音如何改变了你的文字 where they were talking about how voice changes your writing
你向学校的校长写了篇文章 You write one thing to the principal of the school
然后你又将同样的内容写给你的学生朋友 you write exact the same thing to your student friend
这是个更概念化的问题 That's more conceptual
全部观点就是如何借助地图和图形 This whole idea of using thinking maps or graphic organizers
来产生你的思想 to generate your thought
我不对规程库进行分析 So again, I'm not breakout just the store of protocols
还用不上我们的技巧和知识 That's under the skills and under knowledge
我们是否只是在回忆一些信息 You know, are we just looking at recalling information
我的课堂例子是分数 My class example of that is dividing fractions
不知道你们有多少人使用分数 I don't know how many of you divide fractions
你们在野外是否看到过分数? You're gonna see the fraction in a wild?
你们看到的分数都在教科书里 All you see is in the textbooks
你们是怎么做的? What are you supposed to do?
1/2除以1/4等于多少? What's 1/2 divided by 1/4 is?
你把1/4变成4 You invert the second one
然后两数相乘 对吗 and then you multiply, right?
我的观点是 So I have this whole idea
在实际中 你并不会做分数除法 that you don't ever actually divide fractions
因为要做分数除法 because when you divide them
就要把分数倒过来 然后相乘 you invert and multiply them
如果你不倒过来 再相除 Why you multiply fractions
那么你又为什么会做分数乘法呢 if you do not invert and divide
这有点... I mean I think it's kind of...right?
那么为什么又要这么做呢? So why do you do that?
为什么要把分数倒过来再相除呢? why do you invert and divide?
不要去问为什么 So I was taught you are not to reason why
只要把分数倒过来相乘就可以了 but to invert and multiply
我的老师就是这样教我的 So that's what I was taught
这就是为什么当我们冰箱里只有一个鸡蛋时 That's also why I ruin some cookies with my daughters
我和我的女儿就会糟蹋掉一些饼干的原因 when we had only one egg in the fridge
总之 But anyway
除非你很快 否则没人知道 None of you know unless you are quick
所以应该对概念性的知识进行扩展 So the knowledge has to be developed at a conceptual level
而不是简单的回顾 not just recall
回顾是必要的 Recall is necessary
但却不够 but not sufficient
实际上 我可以告诉你 In fact, as I tell you
根据布鲁姆教育目标分类学的理论 looking at Bloom's Taxonomy and all those kind of things
没完没了的回忆知识等 endless revisal but for recall or remembering and that kind of thing
我们在课堂上开展的很多研究显示 You know, a lot of our observations in classrooms
学生在课堂上甚至不是在回顾知识 what's happening in a lot of classrooms is not even recall
而是在抄写 it's actually copying
我是说 学生们根本没有... You know, I mean kids are not actually...
我主张对知识进行回顾 I'm a fan of recall, just recall
如果学生能够回顾起知识 if you can recall it
就可以进入下一个更高级的阶段 but you want to go higher order
但在很多情况下 but in a lot of cases
学生只是在做笔记 students will be taking notes
如果笔记做得好 and if you took good notes
那么他们就可以在考试时用到相关的内容 your award would be you can use it in another test
或者在书后面记笔记 or you doing copy at the end of the book
因为他们可以回过头去看 You can look back
从技术上来讲 Technically
我们认为这就是一种抄写活动 we say that was kind of copying
你们了解了概念层次上的学习活动 So you understand sort of the conceptual level of the learning
并不是简单的对知识进行回顾 not just, even just recall part of the knowledge part
你感觉这真是不可思议 Then you're thinking it's been fascinating
因为你几乎可以确定 we're pretty sure that the issue is
问题不在于教师是否会提出高层次的问题 not teachers asking higher level questions
因为在很多课堂上 because in a lot of classrooms
教师确实提出了高层次的问题 where teachers are asking higher level questions
然后再自问自答 and answering them themselves
因此我们在报告中指出 So we've been able to present reports back and say
好 你们干得很棒 "Ok, you guys are really cool
课堂气氛很活跃 You land the curriculums alive
你们提的问题也很好 You're asking great questions
你们需要这么做 You've got to do that
新的问题被称作"等待时间" It's a new thing out there called "wait time"
不知道你们有没有听过这个名词 I don't know if you heard about it
教师不应该只在提问质量上下功夫 So just practicing not only the level of questioning
而应该重视如何推进问答的过程 but how you process it
你提出一个高级问题 You ask a higher level question
如果有学生回答了 and one kid answers
并且解释了自己的答案 and explain their thinking
这对学生来说是好的 It was good for that kid
但遗憾的是 but unfortunately
其余32个学生没有参与测试 all 32 won't take the test
那么你如何确保班上的所有学生都在思考问题 So how do you make sure that all kids are thinking in the class
你提到了教师和小群体之间的关系 Application, you know, all the regular relationships
是一种常规性的关系 as you mentioned in the small groups
如果你无法与学生建立起联系 If you don't have relationships with the kids
那么你就无法使学生理解 you don't help them understand
他们为什么需要关注自己的学习 why they should care about it
很多人都不关心 A lot of them just won't
我们只是关上了学校的大门 we've got just, you know, shut the gates of school
但我们无法控制外界环境的所有影响 we can't control all those environmental things
只能控制住其中重要的一部分 Just the application, the relevance part of it
我们可以做一些体系性的工作 we can actually do things structurally
促使这些因素与学生的课堂学习发生联系 to help things be relevant to kids in the classrooms
这就算高质量的教学活动 So I say that's high quality
随着联系的建立 Then as the relationships go
人们只有知道了自己关注什么才会去关注 people don't care until they know how much they care
这是金科玉律 It's just really really true
还有一个问题是 The other thing
我们发现另外两个现象之间也存在联系 we've seen a huge correlation between
这就是 你可以提出高级问题 you can ask higher order questions
但如果你不给学生相互交流的机会 but if you don't let the kids talk to each other
如果学生没有时间来互动 they don't have time to process with each other
那么他们也一无所获 they are nerd
协作式学习活动本身并没有什么效果 The cooperative learning in itself doesn't do anything
但如果和思考结合起来 but if you combine it with thinking
那么就会产生效果 it does
希望每个人都读过埃里克 杰森的新书 Eric Jensen stuff, hopefully, everybody will read Jensen's new book
我读的是98年版的 我想第二版已经出来了 in 98 I think the second edition's out
书名是"从事有思想的教育活动" Keep Teaching with the Brain in Mind
这本书今年会和每个教育工作者见面 the book that every educator will read this year
我认为这本书对思考活动进行了总结 I think it really summarizes a lot of things on the thinking
他说 讲10分钟 再让学生讲2分钟 I love the fact he says
我喜欢这句话 teach for ten minutes
让学生讲2分钟 let the kids talk for two
这是一种"参与者自我管理"活动 It's a kind of "the attendant to rule"
我们每个人都可以掌控方向盘 that we are all in the driver's end
现在不行了 因为汽车安了安全气囊 You don't do that now, because of the airbag
车上有7个或4个安全气囊 It's now like 7 or 4
不管怎么说 总之 but it's just, you know, anyway
我认为和这个问题相关的是 So I think that the issue related to
我想我们已经进入了这样一个时期 I mean I think we are in an era
我们至少可以对高质量的教导活动进行定义 where we can actually define what quality instruction looks like
可以确定哪些因素与学生的成就相关 and again the correlation with student achievements
所以我认为我们现在处在一个激动人心的时代 So I think we're in a pretty exciting place right now
不是说我们正在做着正确的事 not what we deal was right
但我认为它的前景是好的 but I think the potential is good
这是一个后续性问题 Sort of as follow-up
在座其他专家都可以回答 and this can be open up to the rest of the panel
我最近听到一项研究 I heard the recent study
据说学生自己就能辨别什么是高质量的教学活动 It said that students themselves can regularly identify quality teaching
他们一看便知 They know when they see it
我的孩子晚上回到家 My own children come home at night
我听他们谈论 and I can hear them talking about
有时候确实有些东西吸引了他们的注意力 when something really grabs their attention
他们谈论的到底是什么? What is it that they are talking about?
在高质量教学活动中 孩子们到底看到了什么? What are these kids can see in terms of quality teaching?
他们并没有做科学研究 They are not doing scientific studies
也没有像杜南集团那样 they are not observing 20,000 classrooms
考察了2万个课堂 like Duane's group has
孩子们的脑海里到底在想什么? Read the mind of the kids, what are they thinking?
他们在寻找些什么? What are they looking for?
他们看到了什么? What have they seen?
我想回答你的最后一个问题 I think that...I'm gonna answer your last question about
从政治的角度来回答 from a political standpoint...
你也可以这样做 But you can do that too
我认为各方因素在发挥作用 But I think this blends right into it
我想是有成效的 So I think that's one benefit
如果我们可以和MET项目的成效结合起来的话 if there can be benefits from the MET project
MET就是盖茨有效教学测评基金 which is the Gates' Foundation Measurement of Effective Teaching
他们发现有关学生感知情况的调查数据 that they have found that students perception survey data
不仅有利于确认教师素质 is actually really beneficial to both identifying teacher quality
而且有利于确认领导素质 but also leader quality
学校校长们利用 So principals are using...
因为我相信 because I really believe
在正式使用学生感知情况调查数据前 before going to have students perception survey data down the road
我们都必须成为评价者 we also need to be likewise the best probably the evaluators or folks
即行政楼里的学校领导也应该是最好的教师 that know the best about principals are those teachers in that building
因此感知情况调查数据的用途有很多 So perception survey data can work in a lot of different ways
但我知道在TPEP项目中 But I know in the TPEP project
即教师-校长评估项目中 or the Teacher and Principal Evaluation Project
调查数据是研究地区情况的一个指标 that's one thing that the districts are looking at
我们如何采用感知情况调查数据 How do we really use perception survey data
来改善学生的学习情况 to increase student learning
反思我们的教学工作 to reflect on practice
我过去曾经担任过高中教师 I think as a former high school teacher
我没有哪一天不收到反馈信息 I didn't go a day without getting feedback
有时候我并不想接收反馈 Sometimes I didn't want it
但我还是定期的从学生那里得到反馈 but I got feedback from my students on a regular basis
我认为反馈信息有利于我的教学工作 And I think that's something that benefitted my own teaching
特别是团队教学工作 especially when I team taught
我们可以对反馈进行集体反思 and we could reflect on that together
但我认为不应仅仅提出和调查相关的问题 But I think it's gonna be important thing
而应提出和学生相关的有意义的问题 that we figure out not just asking surveys
这才是最重要的 but asking meaningful questions of students
这也是最难的地方 And that's the real trick
我们针对过去的教学方法提出问题 asking questions that were actually gonna in former practice
相应的开发出针对教师的调查问题 and likewise developing surveys that will ask teachers
这样学校的校长也从调查中了解了教师的工作 so that principals can inform their practice from those surveys as well
我认为这个工作具有很好的前景 So I do see that as something coming on the horizon
但要实现这一点 还有很多工作需要做 but I think there's gonna be a lot of work leading up to that
因为人们心存担忧 because it is a little bit scary
这个工作在 It's not
rateyourteacher.com网站找不到 at rateyourteacher.com
我们还没有在网上接触过这样的内容 it's not where we are going with this
过去的做法在很多方面忽略了教师 Because I think that actually diminishes teacher in a lot of ways
不利于教师的教学工作 and it's not helpful around practice
我们说的调查活动是和教学工作相关的 But we are talking about surveys that actually inform practice
你是说评教工作 You mean the hotness rating on that...The hot...oh
天哪 现在已经开始评教了吗 my god, there's a hotness rating too now?
我想是的 I think so
至少 At least
ratemyprofessor.com已经开始了 ratemyprofessor.com
我想学生想知道 I think the students want to know
他们那一天做的事很重要 what they are doing that day is important
不是在浪费时间 It's not a big waste of their time
而且他们的老师也这样认为 and that their teachers understand that
教师们知道他们在那一天应该去哪里 The teachers, they know where they want to go that day
他们是否了解 Do they always get they know
因为学生们总是想摆脱我 because kids are getting away of me
去做他们想做的事情 doing what I want to do all the time
但我知道我是有计划的 But I know I have a plan
而且我也知道自己要做什么 and I know what I want to do
我开着大巴 I'm driving a bus
我知道那天我要到哪里去 I know where I want the bus to go that day
我想孩子们也需要有安全感 I think kids want to know that they feel safe
相信他们的老师会把他们带到何方 and confident that their teacher knows where they want to go
过去 我开始备课时 When I started planning my lessons backwards
我的脑海中就已经有了目标 with an end in mind
对于实现这个目标的方法 and how I'm gonna get there
我对事物的看法因此有了革命性的变化 it revolutionized how I looked at things
我的学生以不同的方式学到了知识 and my students learnt in different way
然后又以不同的方式对我进行反馈 and they responded to me in a different way
上个周末我很幸运的与雷克德的 I was fortunate enough this last weekend
一个团队合作一起共事 worked with a group in Laycuod
不知道你们是否听说过这个组织 I don't know if you have heard of it
名字叫做"希望的孩子" It's called Kids at Hope
我们坐下来讨论如何走进孩子中间 We sat down and talked about how do we reach kids
我提出的一个问题是 One of the questions I came out was
孩子们需要什么? "What do kids need?"
不知道你们有没有问过这个问题 I don't know if you always ask that question
我们讨论了我们需要什么 We've talked about what we need
孩子也有需求 Kids too do
但我们通常不怎么问孩子们有什么学习上的需求 But we don't always ask what kids need in order to learn
所以我决定今天试着讨论这个问题 So I just decided to try it today
我想好老师确实经常尝试新的东西 I think good teachers do try new things often
而不是拘泥于同样的内容 rather than gets stuck in the same thing over and over again
我们也来讨论这个问题 So I'm gonna try this
我们今天的问题是 So our question for the day
或者由大家来补充完整 or we just really finish the statement
这就是"我需要..." is "I need..."
我要确认他们都理解了 and I want to make sure they understood
因为如果有人谈到了钱 because someone said money
接着他们就开始讲其他的东西 and they started talking about other things
女朋友 the girlfriend
话题就岔开了 you know along the way...
我们来集中精力看这个话题 let's focus this
我说为了学习 I said in order to learn
为了在课堂上取得好成绩 in order to be at your best in this classroom
你们需要什么? what do you need?
当他们严肃的对待这个问题 When they kind of get serious about it
并且理解了我的意图后 and understand what I was asking
这个问题就打开了他们的眼界 it got really eye-opening
因为他们讨论的问题是 because the things that they talked about were...
我知道我学习的知识很重要 I need to know what I'm learning is important
不是在浪费时间 It's not a waste of my time
我需要花时间去学习 I need time to learn
需要你给我时间完成课题 I need time for you to let me do my projects
需要激励 I need motivation
需要灵感 I need inspiration
我有很多需要 I need all these kind of things
我想由于我花时间去倾听 I think because I took time to hear that
学生因此认为我关心他们 they saw me as someone who cares about it
而不是由我来告诉他们我关心 not just I just can tell them I care about it
但当他们确实这样做时 But when they actually do something like that them, we were...
我想知道你们是怎么想的 I want to know what you think
我关心 I care
我关心你们 I care for you
我不是为了领取工资才来这里的 I'm not here for me to get a paycheck
我在这里 I'm here
因为我想让你在毕业跨出校门时 because I want you to be better walking out of that door
比你刚走进校门时学习了更多的东西 that day this year than you first walked in
如果学生理解到了这一点 If I know that, if they know that
我想这一重要的转变确实发生了 I think that there's important work that's happening there
我们再回到杜南的那个分数例子上去 So we go back to Duane's example of dividing fractions
关于动机的问题 perhaps this motivation issue
为什么这个问题很重要 why is that important is a critical piece of that
这是不是你想说的? Is that what you said
杰? 好的 Jay? Ok, good
出色的教学活动不是一夜之间实现的 So teachers, excellent teaching doesn't just happen overnight
不会突然就出现在你的办公室门前 They just don't show up at your door in your school building
然后你就这样教书了 and start teaching that way
教师在开始教书之前应该做好准备工作 There has to be some preparation of teachers
还需要有职业上的发展 and professional development
我们一会儿还会再谈到职业发展的问题 We'll get to that professional development issue a little bit later on
我想先谈谈后备教师的问题 But I want to focus on teacher preparation
我希望马基能回答 I'm gonna look at Marge to help answer
关于这个问题的前几个提问 some of these first questions about this
大学应该如何改革教师的岗前预备工作? What difference can a university make in preparing teachers?
要回答这个问题 So to look at that
我想我们应该先看 I think it's important to take the where is...
教师预备机构的运作背景是什么 what is the context in which teacher preparation institutions function
我和同事们一起研究过 So I think as we have been studying, colleagues I have been studying
我们如何获取教师预备工作方面的数据 How do we get data about what matters in teacher preparation
并利用这些数据去更好的开展 and use that data to feedback our own learning
未来的后续学习 on a continuous improvement model
因此我认为问题的关键在于 So I think one of the things it's premised on
教师预备工作的主体是谁 is understanding who were preparing
教师预备工作应该在什么样的背景下实施 and the very context in which teachers need to be able to operate
玛丽爱丽丝前面讲到 Mary Alice was talking earlier about how much
课堂发生了很大的变化 the classroom is changing
不同地区的教师也面临不同的挑战 and the challenges to teachers vary by location
我认为教师后备机构面临的挑战是 So one of the things I think teacher preparation institutions are
搞清楚教师培训是为了谁 challenged to do is figure out who are you preparing these individuals for
课堂处在一个什么背景之下? and what are the contexts of the classrooms?
答案是多种多样的 That's going to vary
我想 就像在K-12体系下一样 And I think preparation institutions just like we asked of K-12 system
教师预备机构应该根据我们的不同需求 is to differentiate our approaches
对培训方法采取区别化的策略 depending on the kinds of needs that we have
那么首先就是要了解 That starts first with understanding
哪些人即将进入教师队伍? who are recruiting into the profession?
我们面临的挑战是什么? What are the challenges, the major challenges we are facing
因此 你不仅应该熟知当地的情况 In order to do that, you need to know both the local context
还应熟知本州的情况 the state context
然后说 and say
好 例如我们集中精力搞数学和科学 "Ok, for example, we focus on math and science."
那么教师预备机构应如何回应这种需求呢 How are we responding as teacher preparation institutions
如何对后备教师因材施教 to differentiate our instruction to empower our teachers
帮助他们获得相关的知识 and how to gain knowledge
我们和K-12体系的合作也和这个问题相关 But I think it also has to do with how we partnering with K-12 system
教师预备工作 地区学校和全州 This is a collective responsibility that we have
都应承担起共同的责任 between teacher preparation, our districts and schools and also our state
相关各方都应将力量集中在如何满足 in terms of how we really ally the partners to focus on
学生的需求 what do our kids need the most
特别是学生的课堂需求之上 the kids in the classroom need the most
我想数据的一个作用在于 I think one of the roles the data plays
正如玛丽爱丽丝和视频中谈到的 just like what Mary Alice was saying in here and also in the video
我们也许可以先对数据进行分析 Maybe we start with some data
了解我们的毕业生过得怎么样 What we know, what we know about what happens to our graduates
我们工作的课堂是什么样的 what kind of classrooms are we in
我们在过去几年中做了一些工作 We've done some work in the last couple of years
我们在华盛顿大学感到非常震惊 It surprised us at the University of Washington
我们以为我们的毕业生在某些课堂中授课 We thought our graduates went to certain kinds of classrooms
结果是 我们错了 and we know "No, we're wrong
他们授课的课堂是这样的 They went to these type of classrooms."
我想我们在应对某种教育挑战问题上 We thought that we were perhaps doing a fairly good job
已经做得比较好 in preparing upon certain instructional challenges
但我们必须和我们的合作者共事 but we have to work with our partners
告诉他们具体的情况 and say how was it going
当我们的毕业生登上讲台时 Our job is done is teacher preparation
那么教师的预备教育就结束了 once our graduates go across the stage
这实际只是个开始 It's actually beginning
我们应该这样想 So when we think about that
共同承担起责任 collective responsibility
牢记我们培养的教师并不以提高考试分数为目标 and the idea that we are not just producing teachers to raise test scores
我们培养的教师应该能应对所有挑战 We're producing teachers who can meet all of the challenges
我们前面已经提到了这些挑战 like we've talking about earlier
我们知道这需要大量有关学生学习情况的数据 We know it takes a lot of data about student learning
物质化的结果很重要 but also...those type of tangible outcomes
非物质化的结果也很重要 but also matter the less tangible outcomes
如果我们要教师关心学生 努力工作 If we want our teachers to be caring and committed
那么我们还必须确保教师的关心 投入和动力 we also have to make sure that that translates to their students
能够转化到学生身上 that they care, they are committed, they are motivated
我想这是一个复杂的过程 So I guess it's a fairly complex process
教师预备机构如果能够更好的回应这些需求 The more we response we can be at teacher education institutions
就能更好的为所有教育工作者服务 the better we serve all educators
在座各位能不能列举一些具体的策略 Could any of the panelist give some specific strategies
说明教师教育项目可以采取什么方法 about what teacher education programs can do
比如什么样的经历或课程 with kind of experiences, or kinds of course work
或者其他类似的方法? whatever that means?
我想马基已经谈到了集体合作 I think Marge is very wise to talk about the collective partnership
以及教师预备工作中各方需承担的责任 and responsibility of everybody who prepare teachers
对于接下来的问题 So...In the case of follow-up question
我不打算回答这个问题 I'm not gonna answer that one
但我要谈一些马基谈到过的问题 But what I did want to say something about what Marge said
因为我认为这个问题很重要 很现实 because I think it's so important and true
最后会直接引导出你的下一个问题 that leads end to your next question
没问题 No problem
从事任评估项目时 Working with like the evaluation project
比如玛丽爱丽丝几分钟前 with the Microsoft MET Project
谈到的微软MET项目 that Mary Alice was talking about a few minutes ago
一起盖茨基金会和其他基金会的类似项目 and other projects that we see with Gates Foundation and others
我们看到 One of the things we've seen
如果你想改变或者关注微观层面的 if you want to change and again our focus was
课堂教学 on the teaching in the classroom
和教导活动 and instructional piece on the micro stage
我们将这个观点分成四个部分 We put together this idea of 4 piece
也就是你必须要有合作伙伴 that is you've got to have a partnership
校长必须关注该项目 the principal better be paying attention to it
除了你必须完成的成千上万件工作之外 The focus has to be on the pedagogy
校长必须关注教育学 in addition to every other millions of things that you've got to do
必须关注教育学 you've got to focus on pedagogy
必须让PLC关注这个问题 in the force you'd better dig it down into the PLC
也就是教师职业学习团体关注 the Professional Learning Community for the Teachers
因此我想说的是 So all I want to say about is
合作伙伴真的很重要 there was the partnerships are really important
对学校里教师授课和学生学习 there's something unique enough
是一项具有特殊性的工作 about trying to change teaching and learning in schools
和我们对课程或考试方式的改革相比 that is different enough from
具有相当大的区别 how we have been changing curriculum and testing in schools
这是一个激烈的过程 that it's such a, it's really kind of fierce issue
如果缺乏合作伙伴 that if you don't have a partnership
你就很难将这个改革实施下去 it's hard to kind of go on along
如果有了合作伙伴或资金 If you have a partnership or a grant
那么资金提供者就会要求你承担责任 or grantor's keeping you sort of accountable
他们会派人来查看过程进行得如何 by having people come in and check out things are going
使你不得不将问题放到台面上来 It makes you put things on the counter
重视这些问题 and pay attention to it
学校的管理者 如玛丽爱丽丝 When superintendent, like Mary Alice
离开了课堂 is out in the classrooms
帮助校长关注这些问题 and helps the principals pay attention to it
而校长又到教室里去 when the principals are around in the classrooms
帮助教师关注这些问题 and help the teachers pay attention...
我们作为合作者 认为这是非常重要的 so just as partnerships, we have seen it to be super important
我认为将讨论延伸到高等教育上 So I think the discussion moving forward to higher education
那么问题就变成了 would be how do we move from
如何为学校培养合格的好老师 just preparing really good teachers to go into the schools
还是在学校和社区 versus continuing the partnering responsibility
保持一种合作的伙伴关系 in the schools in the communities
我认为今天我们就在这个问题上迈出了一步 which is I see this tonight as being a step in that same direction
你已经回答了我的问题 You did answer the question
杜南 你和我同时期攻读的博士学位 So Duane, you and I were in the same doctoral cohort
你总是说你不回答问题 You always challenged that you weren't gonna answer the question
然后又回去回答 and went back
我想这样的情况已经有很多年了 So I assume that the role again has been years
你能来参与讨论真好 but it's really nice to be back at the table
一个具体的例子是 So a couple of specific examples is
将教授请到我们学校里来 trying to have professors come into our schools
很多时候 Lots of time
有多少教授参与了教师预备课程的授课工作? how many professors are in the room teaching teacher preparation courses?
希望在上个学年内 Ok, hopefully, within this last school year
你们已经在课堂里了 you've been in the classroom
发现我们 We are finding
收到了你们的邀请 that as that occurs and they take us up on those invitations
所以前景已经发生了改变 it changes perspective
兰顿是一个极具多样性的社区 Now Renton is richly diverse community
我们有1.45万学生 说着87种语言 We have 87 languages among 14,500 kids
34%是白人 其他为少数裔 34% white, and the others are minority groups
白人是少数裔 The white is the minority group
谈到前景和学生的需求 So the perspective and the needs
52%的学生属于贫困学生 52% poverty
这是我们面临的巨大挑战 That's a huge challenge to face
因此你在走进课堂时 and so seeing that, feeling that, you can only live it
你看见和感受到了贫困 并且必须忍受 when you go into the classroom
因此我认为加强合作 So I think strengthening that partnership
合作的意义在于 the definition of what partnership means
使课堂变成一个受人欢迎和有吸引力的地方 and having it a welcoming and inviting place
我们确实邀请教授来到我们的课堂 We actually had a professor come in
请他们来中学教数学 and try to teach a math class at a middle school
学生高兴得歇斯底里 It was hysterical
我亲眼见证 I observed
评分不是很高 And did not get high ratings
因此这种合作关系确实有助于 So really, those kinds of relationships to help connect
建立起大学与这些项目之间的联系 the universities and these programs together
还有一个例子也很有特色 The other unique example
在兰顿高中 we had a program at Renton high school
我们有一个项目叫做"教师学会" called "Teacher Academy."
其目的在于培养年轻人对教育事业的兴趣 It tried to interest the youth in the field of education
因为年轻人经常认为 Because "Oh, my god
天哪 你想当老师? you want to become a teacher?"
这是一个多么大的话题 what a grand thing that is not talked about
因此有一些学生已经上路 So we have students in road
而且确实学习了布鲁姆教育目标分类法 and they actually learned the Bloom's Taxonomy
教育策略 and instructional strategies
当然 教师必须对他们的同事说 and of course the teacher must go to their colleague and say
在今天的课堂上 我们要学习... "In class today, we learnt about...
苏珊会和你们讲到... so Susan is going to come talk to you about..."
没有通过讲座的方式 instead of lecture
不知道你们是否想到过教师参与学习的过程 I wonder if you thought about engaging us in a learning activity
这一过程以项目为基层 that's project based
因此 学生所采用的方式是 So the kids are actually talking about
教师参与的教学策略 instructional strategies that engage them
这个问题本来是关于如何培养好老师 So the question about what makes a good teacher
学生们确实学到了教育学 they are actually learning pedagogy
然后参与了教学实践 but then practicing
并告诉他们的老师 and talking to their teachers about different ideas
他们想出来的不同的点子 that they could come up with
在一个案例中 In one case
教师完全将课堂交给了学生 we actually had teacher turn over the class to the student
由学生了实施教学活动 and the student did an instructional practice
这是高中的情况 This is high school
因此教师有很多种参与和学习的方式 So there are many many ways to engage and learn from
我们需要改变我们与商业企业 and we need to change what partnerships look like
高等教育群体 with our business community
甚至与早期教育和学前教育 with our higher education population
之间形成的合作关系 even at the other end with our early learning and preschool
我们有新的机会可以对 there're new opportunities to engage in the new definition
合作关系和公共教育进行定义 of what partnerships should be and public education
很好 It's good
显然我们无法独立完成这项工作 So it's obvious we can't do it alone
我想这就是我们得出的观点 I think it's the message that we can come to that
杰 当我才当老师的时候 So Jay, when I first became a teacher
我是名中学老师 I was a middle school's teacher
校长将我带进教室 I was shown in the classroom
给了我本教材 given a textbook
然后就和我说再见了 and then the principal said good-bye
这就是我得到的支持 That was about all the support I got
除此而外就是系主任 except from the Department Chair
他压迫了我一学年 who pressed me the rest of the school year
这是个艰巨的目标 It was a tough goal of it
我的问题是问你的 So here is my question to you
你当了很多年的老师 You've been teaching a number of years
在一开始的几年 应如何给新教师哪些支持 How can teachers be nurtured in their first few years
帮助他们培养良好的素质 so that they can really become quality teachers
或者使用高质量的教学策略? or using quality teaching strategies?
现在离我刚开始当老师的时候 It feels like a long time ago
似乎已经过去了很久 since I was a first year teacher
我还可以回忆起当时的一些情况 that I try to remember back a little bit
但我仍然记得当时那种应接不暇的感觉 But I remember being overwhelmed immediately by the job itself
就像第一次跑马拉松一样 It's like running your first Marathon
我从未跑过马拉松 I've never done it
当我经常听别人说 but that's why I keep hearing is...
就像第一次跑马拉松一样 it's like running the first Marathon
我的兄弟跑马拉松 但我没有 My brother runs Marathon but I don't
他说他一门心思只想怎么跑完 but he says he just want to finish
我想第一年当老师也是这个感觉 and I think that's what your first year of teaching like
你就一门心思的想赶快过完这一年 you just kind of want to finish it
只想这一年快点过去 You just want to make it through
然后 你开始思考如何更好的利用时间 After that, you kind of think about better time
思考教学质量和其他方面的情况 or the quality you've ever run, and things like that
这就是我的感受 So I think that's what was like for me
我很高兴我做到了 I was just glad that I made it
我所在区的学校 Because I was overloaded with
要求我承受了过多的义务和责任 all these obligations and responsibilities within my district
没有什么可以阻止他们这样做 and nothing against them for doing
我想他们的严厉用在了正确的地方 I think they are hard in the right place
他们召开很多会议 要求承担很多责任 They just added so many meetings and responsibilities
我星期六也开会 I had Saturday meetings
我想休息一下 反思这个星期的工作 and I just want to take a break and reflect on what I did that week
但我没有时间 but I couldn't do it
因为他们给我施加了太多的任务 because there were so many things added on
他们也给我们提供支持 but there were support things
但都是另外加上去的 but they were added on
因此第一年结束的时候 So just making it through that first year
我很有成就感 I feel like really accomplish
因为我觉得终于可以松口气了 because I could actually breathe now
我觉得我还是做了些成绩 and I feel like I did something
在头5年中 In the first five years
我常常听到一些数据 I keep hearing the data
不知道是否真实 I don't know if it is true
据说头5年中会出现一半的教师流失 but it was like that we lose half of our workforce in the first five years
我想教师流失的原因是缺乏职业指导 I think the reason why is the lack of mentoring
缺乏高质量的职业指导 the lack of quality mentoring
在一些地区 我不太清楚 In some districts, I don't know
但在所有地方 获得职业指导需要付费 but in all, you pay to mentor
我认为问题在于我应该付钱给谁 I think there's just who I want to pay
我要额外付费 因此我想当职业导师 I want extra pay, so I'm gonna be a mentor
职业导师缺乏把关人 There's not a huge gate keeping in who's mentoring
我有一个很好的导师 I loved upon a great mentor
我认为她使我的职业生涯受益匪浅 and I think that was a huge step in nurturing my practice
我有机会和她共同完成一些认知性辅导工作 I had a chance to do some cognitive coaching with her
我因此有机会进行反思 I had a chance to reflect on things
她让我讲 但她并不对我说教 She let me talk, she didn't talk at me
我想她是我的榜样 So I think I've gotten that model from her
于是我想把她的做法推广到我的同事中间 and I try to pay that forward to the people who are in my building
我认为学校的领导需要这样做 I think that's what we need our teacher leaders in the building
无论是否付费 paid or not
他们热爱这个职业 而且愿意担任指导工作 who are committed to the profession are willing to mentor
他已经不是实习教师了 I have a...he's not even a student teacher anymore
他工作了很长时间 我们建立了友谊 He's just long terms up, who we share a friendship with
我们每天都交谈 and we talked daily
我们都教二年级学生英语 We both teach sophomore English
我们每天都有交谈 we talked daily
就是这样 It seems, and it just happens
通过合作和指导 我们共同经历了头脑风暴 It's kind of perfect storm when it comes to collaboration and mentoring
我知道并不是每次如此 I know it's not always like that
但我们相处得很好 而且也培养了他 but we get along and I was able to nurture him
因为他是一个可造之才 because he is a moldable clay
想成为更好的老师 He wants to get better
我认为我们应该问的一个重要问题是 I think that it's critical that the question is asking
我们应该如何培养高素质的教师 what quality teachers do as far as getting nurtured
因为并非所有人都需要导师的指导 because not everybody wants to be mentored
我想人们知道他们在做什么 I think people have it that they know what they are doing
我就想教书 别来烦我 I'm just gonna teach, leave me alone
我认为高素质的教师总是希望进步 I think a quality teacher is the one who always tries to get better
他们认为自己有能力进步 who sees they have efficiencies wants to get better
因此当有人提出一个新观点时 so that when somebody brings in a new idea
或者说"这样做怎么样?" or "how about try it this way?"
他们都能有一个包容的态度 they are open to that
我认为这是一个双向的过程 So I think it's back and forth
你需要高素质的人来引导他们 You need somebody quality giving
被引导的人也应给予高质量的反馈 quality feedback to someone after they observe them
他们都应以包容的态度去接纳和利用信息 but somebody's open enough to be able to accept that and use it
我想如果事实确实如此 I think when both of those things happen
那么我们就有了这样的结果 then we have the situation
马基 你打算回答这个问题吗? Marge, do you want to respond?
我认为我们必须认识到的一个重要问题是 So, one of the things I think is important to recognize is
就是我们提到过的 sometimes we talk about, you know
我们如何适应全球化竞争 where we fit in the global competitiveness
以及其他国家如何在哪些方面比美国做得更好 and how other countries are doing better than the U.S.
具体怎么好 and the specific tests
但我们仍然是很少的几个国家之一 But we are one of the few nations
系统的认识到这样一个事实 that actually does in structurally acknowledge
即当新老师进入这个全新的职业时 that people brand new to a profession
他们面临的是一个不同的环境 that might need a different type of work situation
我们从来没有给第一年上课的老师调整的机会 We don't make any adjustment for first year teachers
我们给他们的工作任务和其他老师一样 We give them the same
甚至很多情况下他们的工作任务 or in many cases a harder, bigger, more complicated workload
比学校的其他老师更难 更多 更复杂 than anybody else in the school
要么就让他们去教其他老师都不愿教的课程 or they are teaching a leftover assignments
我们对我们的职业认识 and it gets a little ludicrous to think
显得简直有些荒唐和滑稽 what we know about our profession
教师需要几年的时间才能做得更好 it takes some years to improve your craft
我不知道和教育相比 I don't know if there are any other professions
其他行业是否也经常出现这样的情况 that would allow that to happen as often as it happens in teaching
因此 我认为我们应该对我们的体质进行改革 So I think we should be addressing some structural changes we could make
其他国家也这样做 Other countries do that
通常是否会减轻第一年新教师的工作量? It's very typical for a first year teacher to ever reduce teaching load?
我们应该认识到 Just as the recognition that
这是教师职业生涯的重要一步 甚至是前提条件 this is important and almost a prerequisite for the profession
我想给大家提一下 So I want to point out
最近我看到的一则材料 just one reading that's come across my desk recently
安德烈 斯莱塞在OSCD开展一个匹萨项目 It's Andrew Slicer who runs a pizza program in OSCD
他提出了一些建议 He makes some recommendations about
内容涉及到美国应该思考 what the U.S. can be thinking about in terms of improving
如何提高我们的教育水平 how we think about education
他这样说道 and that's one of his claims is that
我们对教师职业发展的重视程度不够 we don't pay sufficient attention to developing the profession
马基举到了一个例子来说明我们可以做些什么 So Marge gave an example of one thing that could be done
这就是减少教学工作量 That is reduce teaching load
其他人还有什么策略吗? Can anybody else offer any other strategies to help
我想杰提到了新教师的导师制度 Jay I think mentioned the mentoring piece
你又不打算回答我的问题? You're not gonna answer my question?
不 我其实已经回答了 No, I'm in this actually
我很激动 I'm very excited
我们做的一件令人激动的事情是 You know, one of the things we've done very fascinating
由于我们确实对许多 because we do get study a lot of teachers
参与项目和体质改革的教师进行了研究 going through the programs and structural changes and those kind of things
有趣的是 要成为一名教师 But it has been interesting to see that to become a teacher
不一定每个人都这样 this isn't probably true for everybody
但很多人都如此 I think it's true for a lot of folks
要成为一个教师 of becoming a teacher
那么你得上4到5年大学 you go to college 4 or 5 years
然后开始当实习教师 you go on student teach
在那些人抛弃你之前 you're in the classroom to 1 to maybe 30 days
你得在教室里呆1到30天时间 before the person deserts you
这取决于你是否是高中篮球队教练 Depending on whether you're a high school basket coach or not
然后快到冬季篮球赛了 and it's the winter's quarter
因此你必须在教室里 So you have somebody there
你必须在别人的课堂上 but you actually get to be in somebody else's classroom
观摩别人的授课情况 and watch somebody else teach
然后你才毕业 离开学校 Then you go out, you graduate
去应聘面试 找到第一份工作 you interview for a job, you get hired in your first job
然后与世隔绝的独自教学30年 and you teach in isolation for 30 years
完全与世隔绝 Perfect isolation
这有点... So it's slight...
我认为职业学习社群这个观点 I think we are on the right track of this whole idea
意味着我们朝着正确的方向迈出了一步 of professional learning communities
有了这个社群 教师能不断改进教学方法 where we are seeing teachers be able to refine their practice
因为他们旁听了其他老师的课 it's because they are in other teachers' classrooms
不光是教学督导到教室里随机抽查 It's not just the administrators doing walkthroughs
而是教师们相互听课 but it's teachers that are in each other's classrooms
这样也减少了工作量 So that's coupled with lower load or whatever
因此应该让教师相互听课 but just helping them getting to each other's classrooms
我想你们必须有一个权力规程 I think you have to have a power protocols
因为你们对于要做什么必须谨慎 because you have to be careful how you do it
但教师通过旁听确实可以学多很多东西 but people can learn a awful lot just from watching each other
可以了解如何安排自己的课堂 and knowing how to process
因此我希望 So I just think, I hope that
在新教师的培养上 we continue gaining more momentum
我们应该在这个方向上保持好的发展势头 in that direction with new teachers
无论我们是否更换主体 whether we can change player
我认为我们都应该这样做 I really do think we need to do that
但我认为现在让教师相互旁听 But I think getting them into each other's classrooms now
是非常实用的方法 so I think that's really practical
教师可以观察别人的成功做法 This idea of observing success of someone else
还可以借鉴别人的成功做法 and may be living by carelessly through their success
反思他们是否可以在自己的课堂上 and see and then reflect whether they can do themselves
复制别人的做法 when they get back to their own classroom
我认为这是有用的 Ok. I think that can work
不容置疑 not to be argumentative
如果我们说 I think one of...
我要到他们的课堂上去听课 I think if we say I want you to walk through their classrooms
因为这些都是些优秀的教师 because these are stellar teachers
学校里最好的教师 教师榜样 best teachers, model teachers in school
去观摩他们的课堂 Go watch them
我要你去看最棒的教学方法 I want you to see best practice
那么你进入教室时 It put a lot of pressure on the classroom
就给这个课堂带来了很大压力 when you walk in to
确实会有压力 Yes, it does
因此我们想象走进别人的课堂 So we sort of fancy of going...
了解好的教学方法 be really clear about what best practice looks like
但不管你是否亲眼观摩了他们讲课 but whether you see it or not
你的大脑已经告诉了你这样做是否奏效 your brain tells you whether it's working
你知道什么时候不奏效 You can learn when it doesn't work
当一个场外指挥者就很好了 It's just nice to be in an armchair quarterback
因此我认为建立一个体质 So again, I think setting up a system where people are set up for...
让教师去参观模范课堂 We're gonna let people visit model classrooms
这总是好事 It's always gonna be good
一天当中总有让人理不出头绪的时候 There're a lot of things that can go haywire in a day
这些事会涉及到很多人 There're people involved in these things
因此不一定总是富有成效的 You know, so I mean it's not always gonna go great
因此我认为应该确立一个制度 So I think setting up a system
教师因此可以相互参观课堂 where we can be in each other's classrooms
相互学习教学方法 and learn whether it's working or not
反思自己的教学工作 and reflecting our own practices
但却不一定要到课堂去旁听 But without actually being in classrooms
我认为我们无法关注教学活动 I don't think we're able to focus on instruction
如果你不去教室 If you don't go into a class
我们发现人们并不总是呆呆的坐在那儿 we don't find many people just sit down cold
然后在那儿说课 and talk about instruction
可以告诉你课程设置 考试 Tell you about curriculum and tests
以及学生配置等方面的情况 and other stuff in student placement
但教学活动方面 but to talk about instruction
最有效的做法是走进课堂 the most effective to go into a classroom
对你所看见的信息进行反思 and just reflect on what you saw
并且确认你一直在反思 and make sure you keep reflective
谢谢 So...Thank you
麦克拉 我的下一个问题需要你回答 Michaela, I'm gonna turn my attention to you now
我们讲了一些有关素质教学 So we've been talking a little bit about quality instruction
教师的工作 what teachers do
以及如何对新教师进行职业指导方面的内容 new teachers being mentored to professions, and so on
现在我们需要你来谈谈 Now we get to you
你是这个话题方面的专家 and the topic that you are deeply wrapped up in
评估工作如何适应整个体质? That is the idea of how does evaluation fit into this whole scheme?
评估的作用是什么? What's the role of evaluation?
如何对教师进行评估? How should teachers be evaluated?
可能大家去听过她的分组讨论 Maybe you went to her breakout session
已经听过了相关的一些内容 so you've heard some of that already, but...Ok
这个问题问得很好 That is a great question
首先我要说 I think that, first I would say that
评估要对未来的工作产生影响 it needs to be fair and reliable
那么就必须公平和可靠 if it's gonna have an impact going forward
我想评估体系现在还处于发展过程中 I think the system that were in the midst of developing
取决于责任和职业的发展情况 as a state is based on both accountability and professional growth
我在分组讨论中说过 I said that in my breakout session
而且我对此深信不疑 and I really believe that
我想我们正朝着正确的方向发展 I think we're moving in the right direction
我们州正朝着正确的方向发展 as a state towards that
我认为这个问题中缺少了一个要素 I think the piece that's missing in that question
我不是批评这个问题问得不好 not to critique the question
这就是评估并非只是教师的事 this isn't just about teachers
如果没有领导 那么评估工作也无法实施 We can't do this without our leaders
因此我认为华盛顿州建立的这个体制 So the system that I think was building in Washington State
涉及到教师 校长 地区教育主管 is about teachers, principals, district administrators
学生家长和社区成员 parents and community members
我确信我们需要各方面系统的支持 And I really think that it's gonna take that whole support system
因为我们并不仅仅是改动报告上的内容 because we're not just changing a piece of paper
我们希望能够改变和调动各方力量 We're gonna change and leverage all of this
从而实现对学生学习活动的影响 to impact student learning
这需要的绝不仅是一张新的报告 And that takes way more than a new piece of paper
我想如果立法机构和州长 I think that if the legislature and the governor
明天能批准这个体系的建立 could have this system tomorrow
他们会需要它的 they would want it
但和其他州相比 But we have actually the luxury as compared to other states
花时间来开发这个系统也是一种奢望 of actually having some time to develop it
你们相信吗 Believe it or not
一些体系需要建立新的评估机制 some systems have to have their new evaluation developed
在一些州今年9月1日就可以实施 and implemented by September 1 of this year in some states
我们有一个试点地 We have a pilot
一些从业人员 we have practitioners
我在牵头做这个工作 I'm spearheading it
结果会有很大的不同 and that's gonna make all the difference in the world
我想如果教师相信这是一个 I think that if teachers believe that this is gonna be
公平且可靠的评估体系 a fairly reliable evaluation system
那么他们将会成为第一批支持者 they are going to be the first ones on the gate
我们在华盛顿州 We've done a survey with over
对6000名教育工作者进行了调查 6000 educators in Washington State
我们举行了面对面的论坛 We've done educator face-to-face forums
参与者包括360多名校长教师 with over 360 principals, teachers, district administrators
地区教育主管学生家长和社区成员 and parents and community members
没有一个人说我们不要改变当前的体制 Not one of them said we don't need to change the system
我们肯定是需要改革体制的 We definitely need to change the system
但走进我们现在所在的这个会议室 But it's taken us 25 years to get us in the hall
讨论评估改革却花去了我们25年的时间 we're in right now with evaluation
实现真正的改革还要花去更多的时间 it's gonna take more time to get us out of that
但我认为我们已经朝着正确的方向迈进 but I think we are in the good direction
很多从业人员已经在积极的探索 with practitioners at the head spearheading it
其他州采取的是自上而下的改革方式 Unlike other states where it's gonna be very top down
而我们则从地区开始寻找到出路 and the districts are gonna have to just figure it out
这是一个非常非常复杂的工作 It is really really complex work
比什么都要复杂 I think that more than anything
这个工程和涉及到的工作 this the project and the work involved
需要教师和校长们不断的自我反思 is gonna take teachers and principals continuously asking themselves
思考我们的职业未来50年的改革方向 how do we want to define our profession in the next 50 years
未来50年我们的这个职业是什么样的? What do we want our profession to look like in the next 50 years?
我想这才是这个宏大项目的基石 I think that's gonna be a foundational piece of this whole project
很多参与这个项目的地区已经开始思考这个问题 I will say most of the districts involved started by asking
即我们看中的是什么? the question of what do we value?
在今天的学校里我们看中什么? What do we value in our schools today?
在课堂上我们又看中什么? We do we value in our classrooms?
在地区里我们看中什么? What do we value in our districts?
他们已经就这些问题开展了对话 And they started the conversation there
思考所有详尽的答案和方方面面的问题 and then worked to all of the details and all the pieces of it
我认为这是一个很有价值的起点 I think that was really a valuable place to start
我鼓励以K-13或14为榜样的所有地区 and I would encourage any district that is looking at 13, 14
在执行改革前都应首先完成这个工作 when it's implemented to go and start with that first step
即问我们课堂上的老师 ask the question with teachers in the room
我们看中什么? what do we value?
不光是地区教育主管不光是校长 No just the district administrators, not just the principals
所有相关各方都应思考这个问题 but the whole team needs to be involved
我想如果我们一开始就这样做 I think if we start there
那么我们的努力就进入了正轨 we're gonna be on a really good track
你提到了我们看中什么 Ok, when you mentioned what do we value
你们看中的内容有没有涉及到 do some of these values reflect some of the aspects
今天晚上专家小组所关注的问题? that this panel has been talking about tonight?
这是肯定的 Yes, absolutely
我想摆在我们谈话内容前面的是 I think that at the forefront of many of the conversations
刚工作一二三年的新老师 what we do as first, second, third year teachers
在这个新的评价体系中应该怎么做? in this new evaluation system?
怎样才能达到评价要求? How do we make it?
如果才能实现持续性的职业发展? How do we make a model of continuous growth?
我们如何在教师的职业成长中给予他们支持? How do we support teachers on that continuum?
新教师的头三年很重要 The first three years are critical
2月1日之前州政府没有向 and as February 1 there is no state funding for
新教师入门和辅导项目提供资金 an induction and mentoring program
新教师在毕业后应首先参加培训 That should be the first thing out of the gate
职业发展首先需要的就是支持体系 that goes back to our professional development is a support system
我认为评估体系 I really see the new evaluation system
可以帮助我们从州政府那里获得资金 as the way to leverage money at the state level
还有可能从联邦政府获得资金 money hopefully at the federal level
用于支持新入行的教师 to support beginning teachers
也可以用于支持老教师的可持续性发展 but also teachers along that whole continuum of growth
因为如果我们真的要确立这样的评价体系 because if we're really gonna have that system
真的希望教师对他们的教学活动进行反思 and expect teachers to reflect on their practice
那么就需要借助州政府的力量 the states have to step up
在开始互动问答环节之前 I want to ask one more probe-in question here
我这里还想问一个探索性的问题 before I open it up for question and answer
今晚很多专家都提到了这个观点 It comes back to the idea that I think a lot of the panelists
这个问题就和这个观点有关 have mentioned tonight
合作伙伴协作职业学习社群 partnership, collaboration, professional learning communities
团队等因素的核心都是最佳教学方法 teaming, all around the idea of best practices and so on
那么学校是如何定期开展这些项目的呢? How do you see that working in school districts on a regular basis
有是如何影响到了课堂的进程? and actually impacting what's going on in the classroom?
你们有没有什么具体的观点或策略或经验呢? Do you have any specific ideas or strategies or experiences with that?
我想谈谈兰顿的情况 I can just share what's happening in Renton
因为这是我们正在做的事业 because we're doing it
在教师工会的帮助下 So with our teachers union
我们花了一年时间制定了 we've spent a year developing the plan
教师职业学习社群活动时间 for professional learning community time
我们和社区成员见面 We met with community members
居然花了我们那么长的时间我快受不了了 and it actually drove me crazy that it was taking so long
因为研究结果表明 because after all, the research says
已经有了教师职业学习社群 foot PLC was in place
我们只管做就好了 so let's just do it
相反我们花了很多时间进行研究 Instead, we took the time, looked all the research
回答四个基本问题 talked about the four questions
我们如何解决四大基本问题 how can we stay committed to the four questions
因为教师需要时间 because all the needs for teachers to have time
来完成这些重要的工作 to do other important things
在职业学习社群活动时间我们关注些什么呢? How do we stay focused on this PLC time?
开始时间设定在每周五 So we have delayed starts Fridays
这没什么特别的地方 that's not unique
很多地区都单独留出了专门的时间 Lots of districts have different times that are set aside
我们的教师采取了协同作战的方法 But we have a collaborative approach that's owned by the teachers
由于这个社群是由教师开发的 Because it was developed with them
推广到社区使家长也可以参与进来 and outreached to the community with the parents
这样从一开始 so that in the beginning
很多家长因为要照看孩子等原因 we had a lot of kickback on babysitting
而不能参加我们的活动 and all of those kinds of things
我们和男生女生俱乐部一起合作 We worked with boys and girls club
与社区中心合作 We worked with our community centers to try to
帮助家长解决这些难题 help the parents with those situations
因为这些顾虑都是现实的 because those are very real concerns
而且给我们的学习社群造成了麻烦 and creates problems for our community
但我们没办法将聚会的时间 But we have not had one step toward
推迟到星期五之后 getting rid of delay start time Fridays
因为教师团队致力于这项工作 because teachers as teams are committed to the work
他们致力于解决四大问题 They stay committed to those questions
关于校长和地区如何使用聚会时间 There is an accountability system
我们建立了一个责任制度 with the principals and districts for the use of that time
使我们有时间学习教材 and it really allows for lesson study cycle
对教学手段进行反思 and looking at reflected practice
以满足不同的教师学习需求 to meet the diverse learning needs
讨论学生的个体情况 and talk about each of the kids
学习需求以及功课情况 and their learning needs and the work
因此我们设计出了一套支持体系 So that's a structural design for putting a system up for support in place
这一体系建立在研究成果基础之上 That's research based
我们可以自己单干 Now we could have done it my way
可能会失败 and it would have failed
然后我们说 We could have just
我们在校历上设定一个职业学习社群时间 ok we're gonna build PLC time into our calendar, into our schedules
从而改善我们的工作 let's go forth and do good work
这个计划也会因为预算的缩减而受到影响 That never would have survived the turmoil of budget cuts
这些都是过去5年中我们遇到的问题 and things that we would have to face in the last five years
因此我们必须通过集体的力量 So that work to provide the structure
来建立这样一个支持体系 to support the work has to be done together
我很赞同麦克拉的观点 I just appreciate Michaela's point
必须让各地区教师和校长 you have to have the teachers and principals in the district
家长和学生 parents and students
适当的参与这些支持体系 as appropriate involved in all of these systems support
使这一体系变成现实具有可操作性 to make it real and make it happen
我要说在州层面上的教师-校长评估项目中 I would say from the TPEP project that has been at the state level
我们召开了WEA AWSP WASA we have steering committee of WEA, AWSP, WASA
PTA OSPI以及州长办公室主持的指导委员会 the PTA, OSPI and the Governor's Office
我指导有很多人参与了进来 so I know it's a lot of people
都是些非常有趣的指导委员会会议 and it's a very interesting steering committee meetings
但我们并不是事无巨细的什么都关注 But we don't always see eye to eye on everything
我们关注重要的问题 but we keep the focus on the important things
改变重大问题以提高学生的学习 which is changing this to leverage and improve student learning
如果我们只看到完成使命和目标需要多少钱 I mean if we keep our eye on the price about our mission and goals
我们会解决这些难题的 we will get through that stuff
我认为更重要的是 I think more than anything
我们上个星期花了一个星期的时间 we spent a week last week going to all nine sites
考察了9个试点项目 all nine pilot sites
访问了所有参与该项目的地区 and visiting with each districts that were involved in the project
就项目的实施进程与两名教师 and interviewed two teachers and two principals
两名校长和地区教育主管进行了面谈 and district administrators about the process
非常的顺利 and hands down
他们说今年是他们从业以来 they said the conversations this year have been the best conversations
接受过的最好的一次谈话 that they had ever in their career
中心河谷联合会主席 Central Valley's Association President
从事这行已经35年了 has been in this business for 35 years
他说他从教生涯里最好的一次面谈就是今年 and he said this has been the best year of his teaching career
通过谈话 because of these conversations that he's had
他切实感受到自己是这个系统的一份子 and feels like he is really part of something
可以对整个体系的改革作出贡献 that's gonna make a difference in the whole system
我们的谈话进行得并不容易 So it's not to say these are easy conversations
这确实是一项艰巨的工作 This is really really hard work
谈话也有很多让人不舒服的地方 and uncomfortable conversations
特别是你要和各个地区讨价还价 when you get down to bargaining and where districts are out right now
实际上他们谈到了价值观 in fact, they are talking about the values
以及有效的教学活动的情况 and what looks like...what effective teaching looks like
这些都是谈话中比较简单的部分 is kind of the easy part
这个新的体系现在还处于试点阶段 The really hard part is what is it that
当真正实施起来时会是什么情况 this new system really gonna look like when it's live
这才是谈话中最难的部分 when it actually is implemented, which when it's piloted
这些都是我们讨论中遇到的难题 Those are some hard, really hard discussions to have
我想从他们已经完成的情况来看 And I think from looking at the development that they have gone through
我希望全州的所有地区都开始面谈 I would urge every district in the state to start that conversation
这样到真正实施体系时 so that when it comes right down to actually implementing it
你们就能够翻过这个山丘了 you can get over that hump
我将它们视为山丘 I see this hump that these districts
因为有些地区已经翻了过去 some have gotten over it
有些试点地区还没有 some haven't in our pilots
这些山丘就是我们谈论的重要问题 The hump is what we're really talking about the meaty issues now
我们讲的是协议中的讨价还价 we're really talking about the bargained agreement
这是接下来的重要工作 and that's gonna be really important down the road
我想是一个很好的借鉴 I think that's good wisdom for us
马克拉的观点和谈话有关 Michaela's idea is about conversation
谈话结束了但这只是个起点 That the stop of the conversation but that's the starting point
开展这些关键的对话是很重要的 it's very important to have those critical conversations
现在还剩一些时间 I'd like to open it up now for some brief time
我们留给听众提问 question and answer from our audience
我手里拿着麦克风 I'm gonna grab these microphones here
如果你要提问请举手 If you have a question, if you raise your hand
我会讲话筒递给你 I will bring the microphone over to you
你可以向任何一位或全体专家提问 You can address at anybody on the panel or just in general
大家有什么问题吗? Any questions?
提吧 Oh, come on
好这里有一位 Oh, here we go
没有人要话筒吗这是个麻烦 You didn't want...nobody wants the microphone, that's the problem
我的姐姐是兰顿系统下的一位家长 My sister is actually a parent in the Renton system
她和其他一些人一样认为 She was one of those people that go like
"就像我们从来没有学校一样" "Things like they were never having school!"
我想知道的是 I'd like to know, I'd like to know a little bit more about
如何利用你们的体系体系如何运作? how that's being used and how that's working
我们做了很多努力来吸收这些内容 We're doing a lot of trying to absorb all these things
在我的班上大约2到3个晚上 I mean class, probably 2 or 3 nights
我们还开了会 so we as well as meetings and everything
但我们聚在一起的时间却不多 But we don't have enough time I think together
这对教育学来说是很好的 That's really good for pedagogy
我们确实没有足够的时间 It's very true we don't have enough time
我经常对我的员工讲 I often said to stuff
如果能让学生在家呆一年就好了 it would be great just to have the kids stay home for a year
我们必须解决这个问题接下来就顺利了 Let us figure this out, and then it will be good
这个就像又一场改革 So you know, it's just like any other change
都不是轻而易举就能完成的 None of this happens easily
都会有挫折 or without kickback
"这太糟糕了 This is horrible
你是 you're the worst superintendent
全世界最差劲的校长" that's ever stepped a foot on the face of the earth
这些都是可能发生的 All that happens
我们应该坚信 So stay committed to
"这就是我们这样做的理由 "this is the reason we're doing it
时间就是应该用在这个目的上" This is the purpose and the use of time."
我们应该 Having the stuff also stay committed to the purpose
让员工为实现这些目标而花时间 and the use of that time
就像我说的 Like I said there are so many things
教师需要很多时间来计划自己的时间 that teachers need time for their own planning time, their own
但这是对我们社群的承诺 But this is a commitment to our community
是为了提高我们的教学水平 that this is improving our practice
我们的研究数据也证明了这点 Our data is actually showing that to be absolutely true
这是只是一个构成因素 It is one of number of components
但却是一个重要的因素 but that's a significant component
是继德富四大基本问题之后的任务 It very structurally follows the Defore work, and 4 questions
四大问题是我们要学生们知道些什么? what do we want our students to know
我们要学生们具备什么能力? and be able to do
怎样才能具备这些能力? when will they get there...
我想你们脑海里都有你们的答案 I think you all have that pattern in your head
今年6月会出版一本新书 In fact, there's a great new book coming out June 15
由德富和马茨诺合作编写 that's co-authored by Defore and Marzono
我有幸参与了编校工作 I had the honor of editing and contributing to
我编写的那一部分题目是 The Principal Role
校长角色以及与如何与教师共同利用职业学习时间 and Professional Learning Community Time with Teachers
这是一本很好的书 So it's a wonderful next step
是马茨诺写的 Because it was with Marzono
从教师教育主管的角度来看问题 there's teacher, administrator perspective
是本很棒的书 So it's a wonderful new book
我不太记得书名了 I can't remember the name of it
但作者是德富和马茨诺 but you will know it's Defore and Marzono
下个月出版 It's coming out next month
讲的是教师的谈话时间 But it really is committed to cooperative time
有时候体育老师和数学老师分在了一组 where sometimes the PE teacher is in a group with the math team
他们一起研究 and figuring out
如何设定标准和计算单位 what the units are, what are the standards that are gonna be addressed
这样体育老师可以在学生接力赛时 so that he can, in this case it's he, that he can talk with kids
问学生他们是否在课堂上 when they do their relays about
学过相关的数学概念 whatever mathematic concepts are being taught in the classroom
如果没有职业学习时间 Without that PLC time
他永远都不知道 he would never know that
因为他永远都只根据自己预期的标准 because he was doing his own standards of expectations
帮助学生学习这部分的内容 to help those kids in that content area
因此我们必须建立这样一种协作关系 So that collaboration we need to build on it
不光是横向的协作还应该有纵向的协作 we need to go not only across, but vertical
我们的地区已经出现了这样的协作 Some of that is happening in the district
现在已经实现了协调 Now there is a comfort level
地区教育办公室也参与到了 and the district office team is in the school
学校的职业学习时间中来 during the PLC time
每个星期五我都和我的团队在一起 Every Friday, I am with the team
我的助手团队和主管也在那里 and so are my assistance groups and directors
我们坐在那里不一定参与进去 Sitting in on, we are not necessarily participating
我有时候只参加一半 Iend up in the middle sometimes
但我们的目的是为了了解理解 But our purpose is to know and understand
倾听人们的谈话 and hear the conversation
这样我们就有了发言权 so that we can speak to it
确保支持工作能够继续维持下去 and ensure the support continues
因此如何使用职业学习时间 So the use of that time
认真使用这一时间非常的重要 and the commitment of that time is a critical piece
仅仅知道这一点还不够 and know that it's not enough
我们还需要做得更多 We need much more
但有时间去做就已经很值得庆幸了 but we're so blessed to have that use of the time
下一个问题 Time for another question out there
那本书的名字叫做 The book is called
学习的领袖 The Leaders of Learning
听不清 Inaudible
谢谢 Thank you
已经出版了吗? Is it out?
辛迪斯特朗是我们的图书管理员 Cindy Strong, our librarian, and let us for you
谢谢你辛迪 Thank you, Cindy
好极了 Excellent
那边还有人想提问 Another question out there
还可以再回答一个问题 We have time for one more
那里 Over here
我想问麦克拉 My question is for Michaela
我想了解你对评价机制的看法 I was wondering what you think about evaluation
和解聘结合起来 tie to layoff
你认为现在的进展情况如何 how you think that's going now
未来的发展趋势如何 how you think that's going to go in the future
这个问题问得很好 That's a great question
谢谢你的问题 Thanks for that one
我想老实说 Well, I think it, to be honest
在我看来 from my perspective
他们那样做我一点也不感到惊奇 it didn't really surprise me that they try to do something like that
我想每个人都知道她谈到的1443 I think everybody knows what she was talking about 1443
现在不是这个号码了具体多少我不记得了 which is now another number, but I can't remember it
我想立法者 I think folks both at the legislative level
老实说还有一些有兴趣的利害关系人 and quite honestly some really interested stakeholders
都希望为复杂的问题找到简单的答案 want easy answers to really complex problems
每个人都是这样 Like everybody does
我想背后的推动力 I think the impetus for this is...
我愿意相信他们的意图是好的 and I want to think that they have the best intentions
我们都希望每天给学生讲课的都是最好的老师 we all want the best teacher in front of every kid every day
但我认为这是在错误的时间通过的错误的法案 But I think that it was the wrong bill at the wrong time
我们的项目已经步入正轨 We are on a really good path with the project
老实讲该法案并没有在信任方面 and I think to be honest it did heap up our project a bit
对项目起到任何的推动性作用 in terms of the trust factor
通过试点 There's a huge level of trust that these pilots
人们并没有加强对该项目的信任 haven't invested in this project
特别是在教师和校长层面 especially on the teacher end but also on the principal end
人们总是忘记一点 People keep forgetting principals are gonna be
这就是在新的体制下校长也要接受评价考核 evaluated on this new system as well
因此我认为人们的高度信任很重要 So I think there's a huge amount of trust with this
我认为没有人会否认 And I don't think anyone would argue
我们已经有了相对充分的评价机制 that we have a pretty adequate evaluation system
这就是我们正在做这个工作的原因 That's why we are doing this work
但通过今年的评价调查 but we have learnt a tremendous amount in
我们却是学到了很多新的东西 over this course of this year through evaluation surveys
我们询问了教育工作者 asking educators what they want
在新的评价体制下有什么需求 in a new evaluation system
这是一项了不起的工作 That was an amazing thing we did I mean
但问教育工作者新的体制下要什么 but it surprised a lot of people
仍然让很多人吃惊不小 "let's ask educators what they want in this new system."
我想我们正朝着正确的方向迈进 I think we are in a really good path with that
但坦率的说 but to be quite frank
我觉得参议院 我不想说得很详细 I think that the Senate, I don't want to be really specific
我想众议院理解我们现在走到了哪一步 I think the House understand the project in where we are going
但我不能确定是否能够说服参议院 I'm not really sure in convincing the Senate
理解我们的工作 to understand where we are going
你不能告诉我们那个参议员的名字吗? You can start naming the Senators' names?
不能说 I'm not say his name
不过他的个子很高 But he's tall
我认为我们缺乏人们的理解 So I think there's a lack of understanding
我认为我们应该肩负起这个重任 I think that the onus is back on us, our project
而且教育工作者还应该走出去 but also our educators to reach out
告诉立法者我们的工作是什么 and inform your legislators about what your job is
不只是我 Not just me
因为他们经常也不听公共教育监管办事处的话 because sometimes they don't listen to OSPI
我老实告诉你们 I'm just honest with you
他们不听 They don't
但他们会听你们的话 but they will listen to you
我想如果能将更多关于教育和领导的情况 I think the more that we can inform our policy makers
告诉给决策者 about what the job of teaching and leading really look like
那么你们就给了我们更大的帮助 the more you can help us out
因为并不是只有这9个贫困的地区 Because it's not just gonna be these poor nine districts
在承担评估新机制带来的压力 that are shouldering the burden of developing this new evaluation system
我们所有人都应参与其中 It's gonna take all of us getting involved
因此如果你看到公共教育监管办公室的评估调查 So if you've seen the evaluation survey from OSPI
你点击那个小小的按钮 and you click that little button
但却没有接受调查 and don't want to take it
那么你就只能怪你自己不去参加了 you can only blame yourself for not getting involved
如果你看到举办了一个教育论坛 If you see an educator forum
我们邀请你去参加 and we have reached out to you and asked you to come to one of those
那么请你花一个晚上去参加 please take the time if you have an evening to come to that
因为我们需要你的参与 because we really do
这些都是我们向立法者提交报告的基础 Those are gonna set the foundation for our legislator report
我们在7月1日必须提交报告 that was due July 1
我想这个基础性的报告 and that foundational document
将给立法者搭建一个平台 I think will set the stage for our legislators
帮助他们理解评估新制度的实施情况 understanding where we are at currently in our new evaluation
帮助他们理解我们的奋斗目标 our current evaluation system and where we are trying to head
但这需要每个人献计献策 But it's gonna take everybody involved communicating
不管只是学校管理者的任务 It can't just be the superintendent
我想教师和校长 I think it's got to be teachers and principals
都需要和立法者进行沟通 also communicating with their legislators
我们在每个教师-校长评价试点地设定了该任务 We actually set that to each T-PEP pilot
当今年的评价工作结束后 This legislation is when the T-PEP project winds up for this year
我们会出一个报告 and the report is out
我们将报告寄给你所在地的立法者 send it to your local legislators
这样他们就了解了 so that they know what you've been doing
今年你在这个项目上的工作情况 all the year with this project
这点非常重要 because that's really gonna be important
谢谢你麦克拉 Thank you Michaela
谢谢我们今晚的专家 Thank you our panelists this evening
谢谢你们今晚来参加我们的活动 Thank you all for coming tonight
在结束之前我还要说几点 I may make a few announcements of the parting
我们对今晚的论坛进行了录像 We've been recording this tonight
制作了视频 and the video
我们将会转化为数字文件 and we're going to digitize this
然后很快放在iTune U的 and post it on SPU's iTune U website
西雅图太平洋大学网站上 in the near future
如果有人对我们的话题感兴趣 so I encourage you to share that with others
我建议大家到网上看我们的视频 that may be interested in this
此外我们还会对小组讨论中提出的 In addition, we're gonna try to coalesce some of the major themes
主题和观点进行合并 and ideas that come out of this panel discussion
并制作一个简短的技术报告 and prepare a brief technical report
寄给在座的各位 that will dissimilate and sent out to all of you
我们希望这些观点能够抛砖引玉 So hopefully, that will be a starting point to some solutions
引导一些问题的解决方法 we can take with us
我希望大家都能来参加我们11月举行的论坛 I encourage you to look for our November forum coming up soon
谢谢 Thank you
晚安 Have a good evening