大家早上好 欢迎来到青少年心理学课堂 Good morning, everyone, welcome to the psychology of adolescents.
目前 我们已经讨论过 So far, we thought about many different kinds of topics
许多关于青少年心理学的话题 related to the adolescents psychology.
这周 我们主要讨论文化的话题 And this week we particular deal with the topic of the culture.
在本课的介绍中 我已经说过 'cause as I told you in the introduction of this lecture
全世界范围内的青少年 Even though there is a universal
经历都有些相似 very similarities of adolescents experiences
但你需要知道 还是有文化差异的 but also you needed to know that there's a culturally differences
文化的独特性 and also the cultural, the uniqueness across the culture
我们就来谈论 文化的影响 so we are gonna think about those influences of culture
这是今天讲课的主要内容 This is outline for today's the lecture.
但首先 我们来思考 but first of all, we are gonna think about
文化在总体上的影响 the influence of the culrure in general
谈起文化 and when we thought about the culture,
人们经常想到种族问题 people usually think that maybe there is differences of ethnicity
但种族只是文化的一个因素 but ethnicity, that's just one factor of culture
所以我们来重点谈论 我们文化中的影响因素 So we are gonna think about more the factors of our culture
比如社会经济地位和贫困 for example, social economic status and poverty
还有种族 以及最后 and then ethnicity, and also then finally
我们来思考一下媒体的影响 we are gonna think about the influences of media
众所周知 由于近来网络 电脑 'cause we know that because of the influences of
科技发展的影响 the internet and computer, technology advances
青少年的生活之间 in these days, maybe there's more similarities
可能会有更多的相似之处 among the adolescents, their life
我们要谈论一下那个问题 so we are gonna think about that issues
首先 当我们提到文化 first of all, when we say the culture
文化的定义是 人们代代相传的的行为 the definition of the culture is that the as the behavior,
模式 信仰和这个特定人群的 patterns, belief and all other products of
全部产物 the particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
文化可以是可见的 so the culture can be visible
比如文化的产物 文化也可以是不可见的 the products and also it can also be invisible
比如信仰体系 思维模式 belief system and also the way we think
做事方式 and the way we behave
所以文化的概念相当广泛 so the concept of culture is very broad
文化也是 and also the culture is that
代代相传的 it's handed on from generation to generation
那是文化的另一个衡量标准 that is another criteria when we say that the culture
所以文化 文化的发展 so the culture, the development of culture
是基于人和环境的互动 is based on interaction between the people and environment
在文化方面 in terms of the culture,
我只强调 I would just emphasize that some of the issues
与青少年心理学相关的几个问题 related to the adolescent psychology
当我们提到文化 so when we say the culture
人们的做事方式支持他们所属的文化群体 the people behave in ways that favor their cultural the group
因为是支持他们自己的文化 so because of those are favor of their own culture
就会对其它群体产生排斥态度 there is some negative attitude toward other the groups
可能 你们有过这样的经历吗 so probably, do we have experiences
当你去另一个文化地域时 when you go to the different culture
你会感到不适应的感觉 you feel there's some kind of uncomfortable feelings
或是消极的感觉 or the negative feelings,
即使有一点点激动和好奇 even though there is some excitement or curiosity
还是会对别的文化有消极倾向 but there is some negative the tendency toward other culture
属于不同文化群体的人 and also the group of the people belong to the different culture
把你当做外来人口对待 they treat you not as a member of their group
来自不同文化的人群 and there's some kind of the tension among
有着一种紧张的关系 the group of the people coming from different culture
他们倾向于自己的文化 so there's some favour of their own culture
对其它文化群体 and also there's some negative attitude
会有消极的态度 toward the other cultural group
通常 人们对自己的文化感到骄傲 and usually people feel proud of their own culture
尤其是当他属于 especially if the people belong to the major
主流文化群体时 majority group of the people
他们会觉得 我们的文化比你们的好 they feel that our culture is better than your group
这会成为种族歧视的根源 so it can be a sources of some kind of discrimination
对其他种族的歧视 这是一个基础 toward other cultural group, but this is a basis
即使有文化差异 but even though there is a culture differences in these days
近来科技发展 包括网络 because of technological advances including internet
电视 MSN 聊天系统 and also the TV, and the MSN, the chatting system
各种电脑系统的发展 all kind of the computer system
不同文化的发展 the development of different cultures
如今的地域有着更多的相似性 so, region today more similarities
即使人们住在世界的不同地方 even though they are living in different locations
但我们可以看到 of the world, but we see that the way
青少年对特定事件的行为或反应 the adolescents feel when behave or act toward
有着相似的模式 the certain, the event, it's there's some similar
因为科技的发展 because of the this technological advances
即使有一些相似之处 even though there is some similarities
基于科技发展的文化交流 because the exchanges based on technology development
还是会有等级划分的态度 there's still some the hierarchical attitude
或在文化之间有种族歧视 or there's some discrimination among the culture
民族优越感是一个 ethnocentrism that is one,
可以说是文化排外的一个负面案例 I can say the bad examples of the culture exclusion
或者说 是对其他文化的消极态度 or negative attitude toward other culture group
所以民族优越感可以被定义为 so ethnocentrism is can be defined as
更喜欢一个团体的倾向 the tendency to favor one's own group over other groups
他们觉得 我们是最好的 so they feel that we are the best
其他的民族都是 and the other groups are,
不如别的民族 you are kind of worse than the other people
通常美国人强调他们的个人 so usually the American they emphasize their individual
自我 觉得其他文化 比如亚洲 and the self and they feel that other kind of Asian
美非或者拉丁 or African American or Latino
都是集体主义 those are collectivistic
他们觉得这样的文化 the culture they feel that
美国个人主义文化会觉得 American individualistic culture they feel that
这些是不发达国家的文化 they are kind of less developed country the culture
所以文化优越感这种态度 so that is the ethnocentrism those attitude
可以说是有一定危险性的 we can say that there's some danger of it
在二十世纪 对青少年和准成年人的研究 so in the 20th centrury, the study of adolescents
都是带有民族优越感的 and emerging adults was primarily ethnocentric
这样的研究 是我们 kind of the study, and this is kind of
需要格外注意的 we need to be very careful
虽然我们使用的教科书是 even though we are using the textbook written
美国心理学标准写的 by the American psychology stand many examples
那些事例都基于美国社会 美国文化 are based on the American society and the American culture
即使作者们 so even though the authors are
他知道文化是有差异的 he aware that there's some cultural differences
他也承认存在一定的倾向 but he admit that there's some tendency, especially
尤其是在西方发展的心理学 those are psychology developed in western culture
存在一个他们生活 there is a tendency to see that their life
和他们思维方式的倾向 and their way of thinking
那几乎成为一种 that is a kind of the standard of
标准的思维方式 the people of the way of thinking
但事实并不是这样的 but that's not really true
这种态度很有民族优越感 it can be an ethnocentrism kind of attitude
在各种文化中 贯穿这门课程 so throughout the culture, throughout these course
我想要鼓励你们 可能也是鼓励自己 I would just encourage you maybe including myself
我们需要意识到 教科书中 we need to be aware on the textbook
研究的发现 都是在西方文化中完成的 and the findings of the research conducted in western culture
那只是一种情况 在我们文化中可能不同 that is just one example and can be different
在你们文化中也可能不一样 in our culture and your own culture
跨文化研究 他们的兴趣在于 so cross culture study, their interest is that
不同文化的人思维范式如何不同 they want to know how the culturally different people think
那样的话 我们想要强调 so in that way, they want to emphasize that
思考方式存在多样性 there is a diverse way of thinking
人们的生活方式也各不相同 and diverse way of the people live their life
这有一句证明 so there is a prove to us that
即使世界各地的经历多少有些相似 so even though there is similar or univeral experiences
你也需要意识到 but also you need to know that there's
文化特异的倾向是存在的 some culture-specific tendency
个人主义 集体主义 Individulalism collectivism
这是文化分类的常用方式 this is one popular way to classify of the culture
尤其是基于文化优越性 especially based on ethnicity
个人主义是 so individualism they those are culture
强调个人目标先于集体目标 they emphasize a personal goals over group goals
所以生活在个人主义文化中的人 so people usually living in an individualistic culture
他们认为 比如 我自己的职业目标 they feel that my career goal, for example
要比家人的期望更重要 can be more important than my family expectation
他们不会觉得有矛盾心理 so they don't feel any conflict
即使我父母想让我成为医生 even though my parents want me to be a doctor
我却对耕种很感兴趣 but I'm very interested in farming
那么 生活在个人主义文化中的人 then those people living in the individualistic culture
他们可以理所当然 做其所想 they can just take on whatever they want
即使与家人期望不符 even though there's some family expectation there
这就是个人主义 so that is individualism
他们的价值观服务于个人 so they values serve self,
在个人主义社会 个人主义文化中 so feeling good is very important in an
自我感觉快乐非常重要 individual society, individualistic culture
个人差异也很重要 and personal distinction is also very important
个人成就 独立性 and personal achievement, and independence
也是很被看重的价值观 that is a kind of the value respected a lot
在个人主义社会中 in a individualistic society
相反地 集体主义文化 but on the contrary,collectivistic they the culture
有点被动或期望 they kind of the push or expectation
有时为了你所属集体的利益 sometimes you need to sacrifice your own goal
需要牺牲个人目标 for the benefit of the group you belong to
比如 职业选择 so you know the career choice, example
生活在集体主义文化中的人可能是这样的 maybe the people living in a collectivistic culture
即使我对我喜欢的领域很感兴趣 even though I'm very interested in my own the interest area
比如 我想成为农民或者什么 for example, art or wanting to be the farmer whatever
但如果我的父母想让我做一名律师或者医生 but if my parents wanted to be a lawyer or doctor
生活在集体主义文化中的人 then usually the people living in the collectivistic culture
通常会遵从集体或家庭的期望 they follow those expectation of the group and the family
他们不崇尚独立 而是看重相互依赖 so not independence but they respect interdependence
意思是说在集体成员之间平衡与和谐 meaning that balance and harmony among the group members
这对集体主义文化中生活的人们来说 非常重要 is very important for the people in a collectivistic culture
和谐的关系 so harmonious relationship,
要比个人成就更加受到重视 that's more emphasize than the individual achievement
这只是一个例子 so this is kind of the one example of
证明文化在人们的生活中 how the culture play a role in a human being's life
对我们每天的生活有怎样的影响 and our daily life and emotions and also the long
对我们人生的长远目标有怎样的影响 our life goals have the influence on
在个人主义文化中 so in the individual culture
这是一个总结吧 it's kind of kind of the summary
个人选择 内在动力 personal choice, intrinsic motivation
自尊 个人集权 实现个人最大价值 self-esteem, and self-entralization self-maximization
都是这种社会中重要的目标和价值 that is very important goals and values in this society
但在集体主义文化中 but in collectivistic culture
常常强调与家庭的关系 usually they emphasize connectedness to the family
即使你是家庭中很开朗的成员 so even though you are the very bright member
只要你没有对家庭有所贡献 but if you don't have any contribution to the family
就可能被当成自私的人 then probably they can be considered as very selfish people
所以联系很重要 so connectedness is very important
适应更大的集体 and orientation to the larger group
不仅仅是你个人目标 so not just about your individual goal
也要考虑社会和国家 but think about the family the society and nations
这很重要 that is very important things
遵守这些规则 so to follow these rule,
互相尊重 听长辈的话 respect each other and obedience to the older people
在集体主义文化中都很看重 that is emphasis in a collective culture
这就是个人主义和集体主义 so it's individualism and collectivism
考虑文化对我们生活有何影响时 kind of very efficient way to think
这是很有效的方式 how the culture plays important roles in our life
但这种方式也受到批评 因为感觉 but there is criticism 'cause as you feel that
即使个人文化 个人主义文化 even though the individual culture individualistic culture
和集体主义文化 and collectivistic culture
也还会有语言的差别 there also be lingual differences
但因为这种分类只有两个标准 but since the classification just based on those two creteria
过于简单又过于宽泛 is too simple and too broad
所以才会有负面评价 so there is criticism
近来 人们开始使用一些 so in these days, as a more kind of specified
更加具体的标准 the creteria they are using
比如水平和垂直的标准 so for example horizontal and vertical creteria
还有其他标准来区分个人主义和集体主义 and other cretreia to classify individualism and collectivism
我说过 提到文化 and as I told you there when we say culture
不只是种族 it's not just about the ethnicity
也会有其他标准 it's also other creteria
社会经济地位 就是文化的一个例子 social economic status, that is one examples of the culture
它在我们生活中扮演着重要的角色 and that have a very important role in our life
当我提到社会经济地位 这是人们 so when I say that SES, that is a reflect of
职业 教育 经济背景的反映 the people's occupational, educational and economic background
所以如果人们的职业状况相似 so if the people have a similar the status of occupation
教育和经济状况相似 that is education and economic status
他们就可能在群体中有相同的文化价值观 then probably they share some the common cultural values
相同的文化态度 and cultural attitude among the group
职业 教育和经济资源 so occupation, education and economic resources
这样一来 它们就有了影响力 and as a result, they have a power to influence
在人们中 有不同程度的影响力 there is a different level of power among the people
这是另一个很重要的文化因素 that is another very important the culture factor
提到青少年心理学 when we think of the adolescent psychology
尤其是社会经济地位 so especially the SES, the socialeconomic status
对青少年的生活有很大影响 have influence on adolescents' life
尤其是在教育方式这个方面上 in terms of parenting style
比如 so for example
不考虑社会经济地位本身 这个家庭可能 though SES, the family probably
父母非常的拮据 可能 the parents are very burned out and probably
感到非常沮丧 they are very depressed because of the
因为他们能够提供的资源相当有限 lack of resources they can provide
所以那些低水平的社会经济地位 so those the low level of the SES
对人们的教育方式有影响 have influence on the people's parenting style
结果 这些教育方式 and as a result, those parenting style
对青少年的人生产生了影响 have influence on the adolescents' life
缺少机会 也可能 a lack of opportunity and maybe emotionally
在情感上 他们会更加封闭自己 they are more locked on
所以与社会经济地位相关的 and so there is kind of a very important factor
这是一个很重要的因素 related to the SES
智力经历 and also intellectual experiences
由于人们低社会经济地位 because of low SES people
贫困 贫穷的人 the poverty, the poor people
也不能提供广泛的智力资源 they can not provide the wide range of intellectual resources
这对青少年生活都有影响 they have an influence on the adolescents' life
还有心理健康 我说过 and also mental heath, as I told you
对别人和社会总体上 that more depression and more anger resentment
产生更多的压力 更多的愤怒 toward other people and society in general
结果 低社会经济地位的人 自然而然地 and as a result, it's very naturally low SES people
青少年有更多机会接触 those adolescents they have expose to
消极的经历 相比高社会经济地位的人来说 the negative experiences more than high SES people
和社会经济地位相似 我说过 职业和教育 along the SES, I told you that occupation and education
经济资源 贫困 economic resources, the poverty
对青少年的生活 that is one of the very the major influences
是很主要的一个影响因素 on adolescent's life
即使有些青少年生活在贫困的环境中 so even though some adolescents living in a poor environment
他们表现出了适应性 they showing their resilience,
意思是 即便是在贫困不好的影响下 meaning that in spite of the bad influences of poverty
一些青少年还是表现出很高的成就 some adolescents showing the high achievement
他们对人生有着成熟的态度 they show that very mature attitude in their life
但总体上 贫困还是有着消极的影响 but in general, the poverty has the negative influences
很多青少年不得不挣扎着 many adolescents they have to struggle
克服这些消极影响 to overcome those negative influences and
以及贫困所带来的风险因素 many risk factors coming from the poverty
所以贫困是很主要的一个风险因素 so the poverty is one of the major the risk factors
尤其是青少年犯罪率 when they think of the juvie delinquency
或者在青少年中其他的精神错乱 or other mental disorders among the adolescents
这是相当于一个后果列表 so this is kind of the list of the consequences
贫困中生活的不良后果 bad consequences living in poverty
很具体 也很广泛的影响 it is very specific and a very wide range of
我们很容易看出 influences we can see that
健康的居住环境 力量 health housing and also power
因为他们力量有限 and they because of the less power
他们觉得 我没有太多能力 they feel that I don't have any power
去决定自己的人生 to make a decision on my life
我就随机应变 随遇而安 I just live my life whatever comes to my life
所以他们感到生活力不从心 so they feel they are very powerless in their life
规定通常统治着他们 控制一切 and rules usually authoritation or contralling things
因为他们受到的教育方式 because of the parenting style
他们面对灾难 不堪一击 and they are vulnerable to disaster
也有机会经历更多的 and usually they expose to more easily to the
灾难性的经历 more traumatic experiences
就因为他们不良的居住状况 because of the bad the living situation
当然 他们的选择相当有限 and of course and restricted range of alternative
对他们自己的人生没有太多的选择 so they don't have many options to live their life
不只是学术上的 在爱好 职业探索中也是一样的 not just the academics but other hobbies and career exploration
非常受限制 it's are limited
这一段显示了 贫困的环境 so this graph shows that how the poor environment
如何影响青少年的生活 have influence on the adolescents' life
这是一种种族 see that this is a kind of ethnicity
但是这种种族反映了 but this ethnicity reflects
他们居住环境的水平 on the level of their living situation
看一下美国白人和拉丁美洲黑人 so see that the white American and latino African American people
这张图显示了在痛苦邻里关系中居住的人们所占比例 and this shows that the percentage of the people living in
痛苦邻里关系的意思是 distressed neighbourhood ,distressed neighbourhood meaning that
青少年接触枪支以及反社会行为 the adolescents expose to the guns and untisocial behaviors and
更暴力的环境 我们可以看到 more violence environment, so see
白种人有更少的接触 非常明显 more white people they less expose to very clearly
美国黑人对不堪一击的环境接触更密切 and African American people they expose to the
由于贫困 more vulnerable situation because of the poverty
当我们提到说 美国黑人显示出更多暴力 so when we say that African American they showing more violence
我们要十分小心 and we have to very careful
可能因为现在,因为他们的种族 maybe because now, because their ethnicity
也可能是因为居住的环境 maybe because of their living environment
当然是贫困的环境 which is a poor environment
另一个问题是贫困的女性化 and another thing is that feminization of poverty
意思是 贫困的人 当考虑到性别时 what that mean is that poor people, in terms of gender wise
更多的女性在贫困中生活 more women they are exposed to the poverty
目前为止 生活在贫困环境中的女性比男性多 so far more mowen than men live in poverty
加上种族 这种困难对他们来说 so like ethnicity, there's kind of double
似乎加倍了 由于种族问题 the difficulties because of the ethinicity
也由于贫困 这是类似的情况 and also the poverty, kind of the same situation
因为她们是女性 because of the woman
因为性别歧视 because of those gender discrimination
通常女性在职业中受到更多的歧视 usually woman are discriminated to the career situation
升职 学术成就 career promotion and academic success
也因为女性 and also because the wamen are
更多接触贫困 they expose to the poverty more
她们就会受到双倍歧视 so double discrimination can be a result
这是贫困女性化的结果 of the feminization of the pover...the poverty
我们说 女性 so when we say that the woman are
对贫苦环境有更多接触 more exposed to the poor environment
那是为什么呢 what's the reasons for that
因为女性 because woman,
即使她们能力相同 even though they are of the same level of capability
她们通常的工资却比男性更低 usually the income lever for the women is lower than men
而且离婚后 and also after divorce
女性还没办法经济独立 the woman are not ready to support financially themselves
离婚的后果就是 so result of the divorce
女性不得不面对各种 the women have to deal with all kind of
贫困的环境和贫困的状况 poor environment and poor situation
这就是原因 所以我们应当小心 and that's the reason, so we have to be very careful
女性并不是能力不足 the women they are not really incapable
不是没有能力赚钱 they are incapable to make moneys
还有很多复杂的问题 包含在 but other very complicated issues included in the
贫困女性化中 feminization of the poverty
与种族相关 当我们提到文化 relate to ethnicity, that is when we say the caulture
人们很容易想到种族 usually people think of the ethnicity very easily
当我们 考虑种族时 so when we say think ethnicity
文化差异和文化影响 the cultural differences and cultural influences
并不是影响我们日常生活 we see that not our in daily life
而是影响那些移民到另外一个文化的人们 but people immigrate to the different culture
当人们进入一个不同的文化 so when the people enter to the different culture
我们就能发现 种族作为一种文化 we see that how the ethnicity as a culture
对我们生活的影响 play a role in our life
所以 移民可以导致很多压力 so immigration that brings a lots of stressors
包括语言障碍 地点的改变 including language barriers and dislocation
亲人朋友的远离 separation from support system
也会有一些压力 and also there's some pressure
来自于我们本身文化认同的保留 to preserve our own culture identity
在另一个文化中居住 and living to the different culture
就取代低社会经济地位 replaced in the low SES
都是压力的因素 必须得到解决 so these are all stressors and have to deal with that
我们看到 这些事压力因素 and we see that these are stressors
来自于居住到另一个文化中的种族差异 coming from ethnic differences living in a different culture
这是一个压力因素 that is the stressors coming from
尤其对那些少数民族青少年来说 especially the ethnic minority adolescents
他们必须要面对身份问题 they have to deal with identity issues
作为青少年 同时 as a adolescents, at the same time
他们还要面对少数种族的身份问题 they have to deal with ethnic minority issues as identity
所以少数民族的青少年 so the ethnic minority adolescents
有意识地面临民族问题 they consciously confront their ethnicity
青少年经常会 doing the adolescents, so usually, they
有更多的困难 更多的沮丧 report more difficult and they report more depression
相对其他年龄的人来说 有更多的困惑 and more confusion compare to other age groups
因为青少年缺少 because the adolescents lacks the time
思考自己身份的时间 think about the identity itself
但少数种族状况会带来更多的矛盾 but ethnic minority status that's brings more the conflict
除了种族 还有他们的身份探索 in addition to their ethnic, their identity exploration
所以少数民族青少年 so ethnic minority adolescents
他们会强烈地意识到 主流文化 they acutely aware of how the majority cultures
如何评价他们的民族种群 evaluates their ethnic group
所以他们有时比主流种群的青少年 so they kind of sometimes more selfconscious compare to
更加认知自我 the majority group of the adolescents
他们感觉到主流文化人群 they feel that how the majority group of people
如何看待他们的文化 evaluate their own culture
所以结果就是 他们对自己的认知更加强烈 so they are very selfconcious as a result
就因为这些意识 so because of those awareness and sensitivity
和对主流人群的敏感 to the majority group of the people
他们意识到消极的评估和评价 they aware of negative appraisals and evaluation
矛盾的价值 有限的就业机会 and conflicting values and restricted occupational opportunity
他们感觉到内心的愤怒 and they feel that their resentment inside
对主流人群青少年的愤怒 toward the majority group of the adolescents
很有可能 生活在两种文化中的少数民族青少年 and probably ethnic minors adolescents living in two cultures
要面对前一张幻灯片中展示的 have to deal with all the stressors that
所有压力 I showed in the previous slide
同时 他们想要 and also at the same time they wanted to
作为少数民族 他们需要发展自己的特点 they have to develope their own identity as a minority
这是除了少数民族问题之外的一个大压力 that is big stressors in addition to the ethnic minority
一个大压力 the group of the people
我们已经讨论过民族问题 so ethnicity issues and we already thought about that
通常特定的人群 usually certain ethnic groups
他们属于低社会经济地位群体 they belong to the low SES group status
所以他们就有双重的劣势 so double disadvantages or disadvantages
或他们有自己要面对的劣势 they have to deal with that
比如美国黑人或亚裔美国人 so for example African American or Asian American
生活在西方文化中 are living in a the western culture
作为少数民族 她们是弱势群体 they are disadvantage the group as a the minority group
然后通常这些群体又属于低地位群体 and also usually those group belongs to the low status
低社会经济地位 就是双重的 low SES status, so it's a double those
这些压力 矛盾就变成了双重的 so those the stresses the conflict can be doubled
更难解决 and can be more difficult to deal with that
我所说的劣势 so when I say that the disadvantages
包括伤害 歧视和偏见 that's including prejudice and discrimination and bias
就因为他们少数民族的地位 just because of their ethnic minor status
有时候因为他们的社会经济地位 and sometimes because of their SES status
最终 我们考虑文化问题 so finally, when we think of the cultural issues
我告诉过你们 现在仍然存在民族优越感 I told you that there's still a ethnocentricism
由于这种优越感 民族优越感 as a result of the centricism, the ethnocentricism
就会存在对特定一群人的 there's some tendency of prejudice and discrimination
伤害 歧视和偏见的倾向 and bias toward a certain group of the people
即使我们说全球化 so even though there we say that the globalization and
我们住在地球村中 we are living in a the global the village
在现代社会 但人们内心中 in these days, but still inside
有时候会意识到 sometimes people are aware of it
有时候人们意识不到 but sometime people are not aware of those
伤害 歧视和偏见仍然存在 prejudice and discrimination and bias
带来的威胁也仍然存在 and there is a danger of it
即使在过去 and even though in the old days,
人们相信有一种文化是最好的 people believe that there is the best culture
其他文化都要融入那些好文化中 and other cultures have to melt into those good culture
近来 人们改变了想法 but in these days we change our minds
想要尊重文化的多样性 and have to respect the diversity
要相互学习 and have to learn each other
只有那样 我们才能处理好 so in that way, we can deal with it
才能远离伤害 we can be free from the prejudices
歧视和偏见 and discrimination and bias
最后我想说 and finally just wanted to say that
媒体在文化影响中 the media the influences in terms of the culture influences
有着重要的作用 尤其是对青少年的生活 have a very big role especially adolescents' life
电视 音乐 科技 television and music and technology
电脑和互联网 computer and the internet
比起地理距离 so maybe the more than physical location
比起实际的种族 or maybe more than physical ethnicity
那些媒体的影响力 those are media uses and media
更加深远 the influences can be more powerful
当我们理解青少年的生活 when we understand the adolescents' life
在教科书中 我们可以思考一下自己的生活 so in the textbook, maybe we can think about your own life
媒体如何影响你们的生活标准 how the media have influence on the standard of your living
你们的价值观 态度 and your values and your attitude
这是一个日渐重要的 so that is another becoming more important
日常生活中文化的一方面 cultural the aspect in our daily life
总结一下第十二章 so as the summary for the chapter twelve
我们主要讨论的是文化 we are think about the culture
这是一个很大也很复杂的问题 it's actually it's really big and complicated issues
在韩国社会也日渐重要 and it's getting more important in the Korean society
也一直很重要 and has been the consistantly very important issues
在西方文化 尤其是美国文化中 in the western culture, especially in the American culture
我们谈论文化时 指的不只是民族 when we say that the culture is not just about the ethnicity
还有文化的其他方面 but also other aspect of the culture
我们需要考虑哪些方面 we needed to think about that
反种族主义有一定的危险 and there is a danger of the ethnic antiracism
因为种族歧视或有时是伤害 because of descrimination or sometimes it's the prejudice
对其它文化群体的伤害和偏见 have the prejudice and the bias toward other culture group
可以导致非常不好的结果 it can resulted in very bad the result of it
所以应当十分小心 so have to be very careful
教材中有很多例子 so in the textbook, there's many examples of it
我也上传了 and also this way, I uploaded the
关于你自己文化价值观的讨论话题 discussion topic relate to your own culture values
或许你们可以思考一下 and hopefully you can think about that
你们的文化背景如何影响 how your cultural background have an influence
你们的价值观 on your own value
你是否有歧视现象 and whether you have your own discrimination
或是对其它文化人群有偏见 or prejudice toward other cultural people
我们今天的课程到此结束 so that's my goals for today's lecture