梨花女子大学 EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY
大家好 Hello, everybody
欢迎走进青少年心理学的课堂 Welcome to Psychology of Adolescence
今天是课程的第二讲 Today is the second session
我们先回顾一下上周的内容 Just to review of last week,
我们讨论了 We talked about
在青少年时期有三种重要的发展过程 there are three very important developmental processes,
包括生理过程 including biological processes,
认知过程及情感过程 and cognitive and emotional processes
今天是青少年心理学课程的起始部分 And today is the beginning of Psychology of Adolescence
我们将会从生理基础开始 starts with the biological foundation
在三种主要的的理论性的过程中 So, among the three major theoretical processes
生理阶段是第一位的 The biological stage is the first one
因为在青少年时期发生的其他 because other cognitive and emotional changes
关于认知和情感的变化 in adolescence actually followed by
都是伴随在生理基础及变化之后的 biological foundation and biological changes
所以今天 So today
作为生理基础的一部分 as a part of biological foundation,
我们将会思考 we are gonna to think about
青少年会经历 what kind of biological changes
什么样的生理变化 adolescence have going through
包括性激素 including sexual hormones
快速生长和身体形象 and growth spurt and body image
以及早熟和晚熟的影响 and what's influences of early or later maturation
接着我们会思考青春期的问题 And then start with the thinking of puberty
因为青春期通常是青少年的开端 Cause usually the puberty is the onset of adolescence
而且青春期通常是由 and the puberty is determined
生理作用决定的 usually by the biological influences
另一个话题是 And then we talk about
青少年的健康问题 the health issues of adolescence,
这是因为 cause that's kind of
青少年是人生中的关键时期 a very critical period of the time
青少年必须考虑他们自己的健康 Adolescences need to think about our health by themselves
所以这就是我们今天的主要话题了 So that's the major topics for today
好了 OK,
我们从青春期说起 start with the puberty,
这个概念 this is the concept,
在亚洲国家里 and in Asia,
青少年的概念是 concept of puberty translated of the puberty,
背后的含义是 is that the meaning of the puberty
人们会联想到春天 is the thinking of spring
所以当我们说 So when we say that
春天是百花齐放 the spring is the blossom of the flowers
充满变化和梦幻的季节 and lots of changes and fantasy,
所有这些事物 and these kind of things
与人类的青春期 and its kind of similarities of
有相似之处 adolescence of all human life
当我们说青春期 So when we say that puberty
包含了很多快速变化的体征 that is the very rapid physical changes
包括荷尔蒙和身体上的变化 involving hormonal and bodily changes
都在这一时期发生 take place of this stage of life
所以 So puberty
每个青少年的表现会不同 there is the individual differences
在青春期开始的时候 when puberty starts
但通常 But usually the puberty
青春期始于九岁 starts about the 9 years old
终结于十六岁 and then finishes about 16 years old
这是青少年时期的开始 And this is the beginning of adolescence
我之前强调过 As I emphasized before,
青春期的一个重点是 puberty has a more emphasize on
青少年的生理开始发生变化 biological beginning of adolescence
所以当我们探讨青少年时 So when we say that adolescence
即使存在 even through there are
其他一些变化和特点 other part of the change and characteristics,
生理基础 biological foundation
才是我们所能想到的 that is the first stage and first influences
最初的阶段和最早的影响 we can think of
下一个话题是青春期的一些决定因素 Then what's the determinants of the puberty
我之前提到过 And I told you that
青春期始于9岁 the puberty starts years of 9
终止于16岁 and finishes about the age 16
在这一年龄范围内 And about these ages,
身体会发生什么样的变化呢 what kind of physical changes start
但我们在思考青春期开始的起因 And there is a certain kind of several factors
或是结果时 有一类好几个因素 we can think of the causes or
是我们可以考虑的 the consequences of the puberty
首先就是荷尔蒙的变化 The first of all is the hormonal changes
我们通常称之为内分泌系统 and usually we call it that's an endocrine system
第二点就是我们的体重 And secondly, our weight,
也是青春期的决定因素之一 also the determinants of the of puberty
同时还有身体脂肪 And also the body fat
所以如果一名青少年比其他人 So if somebody has more fat
脂肪含量更高 than the other adolescence,
他们的青春期就可能开始的早一些 probably their puberty starts earlier
另外一点就是瘦素 And then leptin
这就是人们通常会想到的 So several these four major determinants of puberty
关于青春期的四个主要决定因素 people usually think of
在这个特殊的时期 And this particular puberty
青少年会有的一些 what's the characteristics of this period of time
生理变化上的特点 is some kind of biological changes
但同时我们也要想到 but also we need to think of
社会和文化上的因素 their social cultural factors
在青春期开始的阶段也会有影响 also have the influence on the onset of the puberty
首先 关于荷尔蒙的变化 First, in term of the hormonal change
荷尔蒙是什么呢 What's hormones?
因为有时我们会把自己的错误 Cause we sometimes attribute our mistake
或是某些行为归结于荷尔蒙在作怪 or certain behavior to the hormones
因为荷尔蒙可能是很不好的东西 because hormone might to be some terrible things
所以它算是我们在特定的阶段 So that's a kind of excuses of our mistake
为自己的错误某些事 or certain things
或者为不合理的行为找借口 unreasonable behavior at certain time
但是从荷尔蒙的定义上来说 But hormones, by definition,
它是由内分泌系统中的腺分泌的 it's the powerful chemicals
一种强大的化学物质 secreted by the endocrine glands
并且通过血液的流动通往身体各处 and carried through the body by the bloodstream
所以这意味着血液中含有荷尔蒙 So meaning that
因为荷尔蒙 because bloodstream carries the hormone
带来的影响就是 The influence of the hormone
牵引式的并且非常快速 is very tractive and very fast
这就是性荷尔蒙 So this is the typical major group of
典型的群组形态 the sexual hormone
这是雄性激素 it's androgen
这是雄性荷尔蒙的主要种类 This is the main class of male sex hormones
还有雌性激素 And estrogen,
这是雌性荷尔蒙的主要种类 that is the main class of female sex hormones
所以在青春期阶段 So this major the hormones
这些主要的荷尔蒙会发生巨大的变化 has big changes during adolescence
这些荷尔蒙的变化会导致 and as a result of those hormonal change,
在青春期 some of the physical change we can observe
我们可以观察到青少年身体的变化 during the puberty
大家可以看到 And as you see that
在青春期 this the very dramatic change
男女性别的差异 during adolescence
会造成两者巨大的不同 depending on the male and female
这幅图表描绘的是男生的情况 As you see that this graph for boys
这幅图描绘的是女性荷尔蒙 So this is the group of estrogen
也就是雌性激素的变化 for the female sexual hormone
上面的图表反映的是 And the upper part to show that
男生荷尔蒙也就是雄性激素的变化情况 is the androgen for the boys hormonal changes
所以针对男生的情况 So for boys,
这种特殊的雄性激素 this particular group of sexual hormone
在青春期阶段急剧增加 for male has dramatically increased this time
与此同时与之相对女孩的情况是 and on the contrary for girls
这种特定的雌性激素 This particular group of the hormones
在青春期让女孩的特点 showing the female characteristics
得以日益显现 increased during the adolescence
控制激素 And the govern,
在人体内通过和流动的 the pass and flow of hormone is a,
是某些系统 there are some systems
并受到一些原则和规律的指引 and there are principles and rules
来决定激素的流动速率和数量 to govern the speed and the amount of hormones,
这些都是由这些特定的系统决定的 governed by these particular systems
我们的身体也会有一些特定的部位 and there are certain area of our body
会起到决定 had played a role to decide,
身体应该 to make a decision how many,
释放多少荷尔蒙 how much of hormones had to released
或是在什么时候 or in what point
应该减少释放荷尔蒙的数量 has to be decreased amount of hormones
这些主要的身体部位就是 And this major part of our body have those roles
下丘脑和脑垂体 Hypothalamus and Pituitary,
这些都是我们大脑中的腺 the gland located in our brain
荷尔蒙别的功能也与它们有关 and they are related to the other functions of hormones,
但最为重要的是 but particularly,
它们会影响 they have influences on
性行为和性倾向 sexual behavior and our sexuality
第三部分就是甲状腺 And third part of the thyroid gland
这也是内分泌系统的一部分 is another part of endocrine system
还有生殖腺 也就是性腺 and gonads, the sex glands
即人体性器官所在处 it's the actually physical location of our sexual organs
好了 Alright,
那么这个系统是怎么运作的呢 so how this system work
这幅图展示了 and this picture shows that
下丘脑实际上是我们大脑的一部分 actual hypothalamus is kind of our brain
它会基于大脑的指令 that based on our the command
调整荷尔蒙的多少 of the hormonal release or decrease
所以从下丘脑开始 So start with the hypothalamus,
到脑下垂体 go to the pituitary gland
接着到性腺 And then gonads
释放出的荷尔蒙数量 and then release of the actual hormone
由下丘脑来决定 and hypothalamus monitor this amount
足够了或是不足 of hormones enough or need more
或是过量了需要减少荷尔蒙的数量 or need to be decreased this amount of hormone
所以它会做出决定 So make a decision
然后根据决定好的 and then release the decision of
荷尔蒙数量 the amount of hormones
激素会再次回到下丘脑 and then so goes to the hypothalamus again
所以我们将这个特定的反馈系统 So we call this particular feedback system
称之为被动的反馈系统 as a negative feedback system,
意思是并不是活跃的 meaning that it's not actively
下丘脑来决定 hypothalamus make a decision
下丘脑做出的决定 This hypothalamus decision
是基于荷尔蒙数量的多少的 based on the amount of hormones
特别是雌性激素和雄性激素 particularly estrogen and androgen
所以我们将这个反馈系统 So we call those feedback system
称之为被动的反馈系统 as the negative feedback system
这里展示了在哪些部位 And this is the what kind of hormones
分别会释放出什么种类的荷尔蒙 in particular name of it released in which area
所以这里展示了 So this shows that
这是男性和女性的身体 this is our body for man and woman
身体的主要部位 And it's particular those major
显示它们的位置 part of the body shows that where it located
所以下丘脑 脑下垂体和性腺 So the hypothalamus, and pituitary and gland
以及实际的性器官 and then the actual sexual organs
你们都可以看到 as you can see it
这里的文字太小了 And since this is very small letter
但是课本里有一样的图片 but the same picture you can find in textbook
所以看一下它们的位置 so just closely look at the location
各自的功能 and what's the functions they are carrying
所以你们可以在课本里 So you can find just to make sure that
找到所学的信息 the information in your textbook
性荷尔蒙的变化 There are two major phases of
有两个主要的阶段 sexual hormonal changes
实际上 Actually,
荷尔蒙变化的第二个阶段 the second phase of hormonal changes
与青少年青春期的变化有关 is related to the adolescence puberty changes
但是第一个阶段 But first the period of time,
我们称之为肾上腺机能初现 we call that adrenarche,
这在幼儿阶段就会产生 that occurs early ages
童年时期 it's our early childhood ages
但是性腺功能初现是在 But gonadarche that's the time
男孩第一次射精 the boy's first ejaculation of semen
女孩的初潮 and then menarche
也就是少女的第一次月经来潮 for the girl's first menstruate starts
所以这是一个特殊的时间点 So this is a particular time
很大程度上决定了青春期的开端 very much determine our onset of puberty,
这是人生发展的重要阶段 it's very important phase of our development
正如我之前强调的那样 So as I emphasized before,
影响青春期开始的因素 factors influence the onset of the puberty,
实际上 actually the onset,
生理因素占据主导 it is biological factors is the major one,
包括身体脂肪和瘦素 including body fat and fat, and leptin
同时我们还要 And also we need to
注意其他一些社会文化因素 pay attention to other social cultural factors
因为某些少数民族 Cause certain ethnic groups
少女初潮的时间比起西方国家 girls are start to menstruate later time
要靠后一些 than the western culture
社会经济地位也会产生影响 And also the level of social economic status
所以在 So the people grow up
非常健康和富裕的家庭成长的青少年 in a very healthy and very rich family
由于营养状况好 他们的青春期开始得较早 they start earlier time because of the good nutrition
所以其他一些社会文化因素 So other social cultural factors
也会影响进入青春期的时间 also have an influence on the onset of the puberty
所以青春期 So puberty
就像是一种 That is a kind of the nickname
成长为青少年的昵称 of the onset of the adolescence
并且在很大程度上受到生理变化的影响 and pretty much governed by biological change,
即使是存在社会文化因素 even though there is a social cultural factors,
所以这是有关青少年的一个 so that is a very important change
非常重要和独特的变化 and very unique change of adolescence
一生中都是如此 throughout our life
另一件事是 And another thing
就青春期的身体变化来说 in terms of our physical change
特点是生长突增 through the adolescence is the growth spurt,
意味着青少年在此阶段 meaning that you grow up
成长地非常迅速 very quickly and very rapidly
同时在青春期刚开始时 And also you gain a lot of weights
会长胖很多 during the early adolescence,
可能你们还记得那个时候 probably you remember that the time
所以 青春期期间 So, adolescence,
我们能观察到 that's the time we observe
自婴儿时期以来最快的发育速度 the most rapid increase in growth since infancy
所以在我们生命的初始阶段 So in the very first age of our life,
即婴儿阶段 the infancy,
我们的体重和身高的增加是最快的 that's the most rapid increase of our weight and height
此外第二快的就要属青春期了 and other than that the adolescence
在这段时期我们可观察到位居第二的发育速度 That's the time second rapid increases we can observe
这就是身体发育 So that's the physical changes
和快速生长 and growth spurt
也许你知道 Probably you know that
女性 女孩子 the female, the girls,
她们进入快速生长期的时间要比男生早一些 a little bit earlier start those growth spurt
她们进入快速生长期的时间 about two years earlier than the boys,
大约提早两年 starts the onset of the growth spurt
这幅图表展示了 So this graph shows that
女生进入快速生长期的时间要早两年 female starts a little bit two years earlier,
大约10岁或12岁就开始了 like start between ten or twelve years old
但是对男生来说 But for boys,
他们的青春期开始于12岁或者14岁 they start between twelve to the fourteen years old
所以即使是 So even though male
男孩比女孩长得更高 starts to getting taller than girls
发育速度也更快 and also more rates than females
但是女孩子发育要早一些 But females start earlier
另一个身体的变化是 And another part of the physical change
性征的成熟 is sexual maturation
我们已经学了 And we've already learned that
有两种性激素 there are sexual hormones,
雄性激素和雌性激素 like androgen and estrogen,
分别对应男性和女性 for males and for females
这些荷尔蒙的变化 And these hormonal changes
会带来我们性行为 bring us the changes of our the sexual activities
和性表现的变化 and sexual behaviors
也会让青少年产生性冲动 and also sexual interests among adolescence
这都是由于我们的性成熟造成的 That's based on our sexual maturation
这就是身体和生理的变化 So that's physical and biological changes
这幅图表展示了 And this graph shows
性成熟是何时开始的 what particular sexual maturation start
在青春期又是如何表现的 and appear during the adolescence
男女的情况分别怎样 for boys and for the girls
你们可以看到 实际上 As you see that, actually,
身体上的发育是先开始的 the physical the growth spurt are coming first
然后才是 and then sexual maturation later
男女生的性成熟 for both boys and girls
在初潮开始后 And after maturation,
少女的胸部开始发育 the female start to have breast change
阴毛开始生长 and also the pubic hair
对于男孩子 And for boys,
在身高突增之后 after the height spurt
我们也可以观察到 and then shows the particular maturation
他们性成熟的一些特点 we can observe
这就是青春期及其持续的时间 So that the time and how long it shows that
这只是身体和生理的变化 So that's just purely the physical and biological changes
鉴于本课程是心理学课 Since this is a psychology class
所以即使 Even though
身体变化听起来非常重要 these physical changes sounds very important
我们需要理解 But we need to understand that
这些身体变化 what kind of psychological impact
会对心理产生怎样的影响 of those physical changes
我认为这才是重要的 I think it's very important things
所以我们要思考 So we are gonna think of
青少年的心理情况 the psychological dimension of puberty
首先 First of all,
我想强调的是 I want to emphasize that
这段时期青少年 this is a time the adolescence
开始关注他们的身体 start to think of their body
对自己的身体形象有所注意 And they have their body image
可能是消极的也可能是积极的形象 it can be a negative and also positive
所以身体形象是一个重要的概念 So body image is an important sense
它基于自我概念而得出 that's based on the self-concept
你可以关注自身 So probably you observe that yourself,
也可以关注你的表兄弟姊妹或是兄弟姐妹 And also the cousins or your sisters or brothers
从青春期开始 From the adolescence
他们洗澡的时间会比之前要长一些 they start to taking a shower longer than before
因为他们不停地照镜子 because they look at the mirror on and on
非常长的时间 and a longer period of time
他们意识到自己 And realize that they are very interested in
会对身体的某一部位很感兴趣 their particular part of their body
有些青少年在意自己的身高或体重 Some adolescence are interested in their height and weight
或是面部和皮肤 or faces and skins,
就看他们的关注点在哪里了 depending on their interests
这表明了 So that shows that
他们开始在意自己的身体形象 they start to think about they own body image
身体形象就是 And body image,
对 我是谁 这样一个问题的基本理解 that is a the basic understanding of who I am
所以如果人们有一个积极的身体形象感知的话 So if people have a positive body image,
这可谓是自我概念的一个良好开端 that is a good start of the self-concept
性别之间存在差异 There is a gender difference
另外一件关于性别的 There is another very interesting
有趣且重要的变化是 and important change of gender,
跨文化的差别 a crossed culture
通常情况下 女生与男生相比 Usually female have more negative body image
身体形象都较为负面 compared to the male
我要问一下原因 And I'm just to ask the reason
你认为为什么 Why do you think
与男生相比 the female adolescence have a more negative body image
女生身体形象更加负面呢 compared to male
这是因为身体形象不仅仅基于 Cause body image is not just based on
客观的身体吸引力 our objective physical attraction
反而更像是我们对自身身份的主观评判 It's more kind of subjective evaluation of who we are,
他们有多么自爱 爱惜自己的身体 and how they love themselves, their body
关于性别的问题 And maybe the gender issues
我们将在第五章中进行更详细的讨论 we are gonna to think about in Chapter five,
我们会深入探讨 we will talk in more details
为什么女生 Why the girls,
女性青少年对于 the female adolescence are more vulnerable
身体形象 with the body image
会更加敏感 and start particular adolescence
而且正由于他们对身体形象非常在意 And since they are interested in body image,
他们表现出外在的形象 they shows that the physical appearances
对青少年来说更加重要的倾向 are getting more important to adolescence
这就是我们称作的 So that's we call it the perceived importance
在青春期时十分明显的 of physical appearance shows that very vividly
对外在重要性的感知 during the adolescence
同时身体形象还会影响健康 And also body image has an influence on health
所以有些青少年过度节食 So some adolescence have put on a diet very heavily
并引发了在青春期初期的饮食紊乱 and have eating disorder problems and start at the adolescence
这就是身体形象 So that is the relations with body image
和健康状况之间的关系 with the health issues also
另一个青春期的心理维度 So another psychological dimension of puberty
需要我们去思考的是 we have to think of
荷尔蒙有什么样的影响 What kind of hormones influence
荷尔蒙对我们的行为有什么影响 What kind of influence hormones have on our behavior
所以有时我们发现 So sometimes we see that
消极和多变的情绪增加 the increase in negative and variable emotions
是由于荷尔蒙在作祟 can be explained by the hormones
有时候人们夸大了一切情绪波动 Sometimes people exaggerated all kind of emotional changes,
所有不良的行为都归咎于荷尔蒙 all kind of negative behavior they attribute to the hormones
这是不正确的 but that's not true
但是我们必须得承认 But we have to admit that
负面多变的情绪 there is a relationship between the hormonal change
的确与荷尔蒙的变化有关 with negative and variable emotions
但实际上荷尔蒙的变化 But hormonal activities
会受到许多因素的影响 actually affected by many factors,
不仅仅是生理方面的原因 not just biological factors,
还事关社会文化因素 but also the social cultural things
所以当你思考情绪波动 So when you think of the emotional changes
和不良行为时 and also negative behavior
比如说在青春期太咄咄逼人 like too much aggressive behaviors,
或是太过抑郁 or too much depression during the adolescence
这些情况的发生不仅仅因为荷尔蒙 Not just this is happened because of hormones,
还有别的影响因素你必须要考虑 other influences you need to think of that
可能早熟或晚熟 Maybe early and late maturation
也是一个影响因素 that is one part of influences,
或早或晚都会影响我们的行为 one part of the factor have influences on our behavior
和情绪的变化 and also our emotional change
你们怎么看这个问题呢 So what do yo think?
你们的亲身经历又是什么呢 What's your experiences?
你觉得自己是早熟还是晚熟呢 Do you consider as you are early mature or late mature?
你想过早熟或晚熟的 And have think about all these influences of
所有结果吗 early mature or late maturation?
研究表明 Research shows that there is some benefits
无论是早熟还是晚熟 and also there is some problems
都有利或有弊 with either early maturation or late maturation
不同的性别 And also those benefits and problems
益处和弊端也会有所不同 are different depending on the different gender
比如 So for example,
女生的早熟 early mature of female adolescence
她们在性方面成熟较早 they sexually grown up first,
比同伴们要早 earlier than other friends
所以那些早熟的男生 and then they are picked up
很容易看上她们 by the early old male adolescence easily
这些女生早早地开始约会 and they start to dating early ages
所以比其他女生 and they are exposed to the danger
面临更多的危险 more than other girls
所以我们可以说 So we can say that
女生的早熟会带来一些问题 the early maturation for girls can have problems
而男生的早熟 And for boys early maturation
可能带来的影响是 can be the influence on
更强烈的自尊感 the solid of self-esteem and high esteem
但是晚熟 but also the late maturation
也可能构成自我概念的坚实基础 can be the solid basis of the self-concept
所以早熟或晚熟 So it's hard to tell
对每个人或是男女生来说究竟是好是坏 whether it's good or bad for everybody or for all gender
但是早熟或晚熟对青少年的确是有影响的 But there is an influence of late and early maturation
所以总结来说,你们觉得 So in conclusion of the puberty,
青春期的影响是被放大了 do you think the puberty effects exaggerated
还是应该更加重视呢 or should be more exaggerated
每个人看法不同 There are individual differences
通常人们会夸大青春期的影响 and usually people exaggerated the puberty that the effects,
但实际上其他因素也可以解释青春期的表现 but actually the effects can be explained by other factors,
比如说人的个性还有社会文化因素 the personalties, and also social cultural factors
所以我们不应该夸大影响 So it should not be exaggerated
这是我的结论 that's my conclusion
但是我们也得知道 But also we need to know that puberty,
身体形象 the effects on body image,
以及青少年对约会和性行为的兴趣 and also adolescence's interests in dates and sexual behavior,
都是由青春期的变化引起的 that's affected by puberty change
这些青春期的影响 And this kind of puberty effects
是非常重要的事实 are very important fact
它会影响我们之后的人生 in late our life and our,
自我观念还有未来的人际关系 the self-concept and also our relationship later on
下面关于身体变化 我们要谈到的话题是健康 Change the topic of physical changes is the health
为什么我们要谈青少年的健康呢 Why we talking about the health relate to adolescence
因为这是人体健康过渡的关键时期 Because it is the critical time very juncture in health
这段时间你要学会如何照顾自己 Time to learn how to take care of yourself
我一直强调 And adolescence I keep emphasizing
青春期 that this is a period of time
是我们发展自我的时期 we develop our own identity
所以我们声称自己是独立的个体 So we declare we are independent person
即使朋友和家人 even though we have good support
给了我们许多支持 from the friends and family
但是在这段时期 But this is the time
你必须要对自己更加负责 you need to be more responsible for yourself
健康是 And health
人生中标志性的一部分 That is a very symbolic kind of area of our life
我们需要对自己的健康负责 need to be cared by yourself
但是通常青少年会表现出 But usually the adolescence are shows
更加不利健康的举动 that more health destructive behavior
但是这段时间 but this is the time
你需要少做减损健康的事情 you need to reduce health-compromising behaviors,
比如吸毒 斗殴 such as drug abuse, violence,
未做措施的性行为和危险驾车 unprotected sexual intercourse, and dangerous driving
与此同时 At the same time,
你还得做一些增强体质的事情 you need to do the health-enhancing behavior,
比如锻炼身体 保证饮食营养 such as exercising, eating nutritiously,
系安全带 保证充足的睡眠 and wearing seat belts, and getting adequate sleep
可能在你听到这些 And probably when you hear that all,
对人生十分重要的事情的时候 that things we don't have intentionally make efforts
不需努力就能完成 and that the important things in my life
但这是错误的 but that's not true
如果你不加注意管束自己的行为 If you don't pay attention and take care of your behavior,
不去做有利健康的事情 taking these particular health-enhancing behavior,
可能你之后的余生会过得十分艰难 probably you will have a very hard time later in your life
记住 And remember that
青少年是人一生中 adolescence is a peak period of a time
身体最健康的时期 you have good health, afterwards,
之后你的健康状况就开始每况愈下 your health decrease gradually
所以你如果在青春期 So if you don't take care of your health
不注意保健的话 during the adolescence
余生就不会顺畅了 Later life you have such a hard time
你们知道 Do you know that
青春期有三大死因吗 there are leading three causes of death in adolescence?
第一位的就是无意的受伤 The first is unintentional injuries
还有自杀和他杀 and homicide and suicide,
虽然这是美国的统计数据 even though the statistics is American statistics,
但是存在共通之处 but it can be some common sense
不同文化下致死的因素都类似 of the leading cause of the death across the culture
看这里 当我说到 So, when I say that, here,
无意的受伤时 unintentional injuries,
由于你忽视自己的健康 because you lack of care of your health,
比如危险驾驶 for example, driving dangerously,
又不系安全带 you didn't taking seat belts
这就会带来无意的受伤 That's kind of can unintentional injuries
最终导致死亡 and result in death finally
我们必须很谨慎 So very have to be careful
青少年得学会 So the adolescence need to learn that
什么才是有利健康的行为 what's health-enhancing behaviors
学会怎么去适应 and have to learn to adopt
这些有利健康的行为 those health-enhancing behaviors:
注意营养 taking care of your nutrition,
充足睡眠 进行锻炼和运动 and sleep and exercise and sports
保证营养意味着不要吃垃圾食品 and nutrition means that don't eat the junk food
注意饮食平衡 about just to think the balanced your dishes
睡觉模式也是一件要注意的事 and also sleep pattern is another thing
青少年通常晚睡晚起 that the adolescence sleep very late and wake very late
这会对你的一生都产生影响 that have influence on whole your life
这也会影响你的生活方式 and they lead the life pattern of your living
所以我们必须得注意 so have to pay attention
同时有意 and also make an intentional effort
定期地 to do the regular basis
去锻炼身体 参加一些体育活动 take an exercise and participate in some kind of the sports
最后 In conclusion,
对于青少年的生理基础 for the biological foundation of adolescence
我强调了 I emphasized that
青少年的生理基础是十分重要的 the biological foundation of adolescence is important,
因为它决定了青少年的开始 because that determines the onset of adolescence
我们将这段时期称为青春期 And we call particular puberty,
算是个昵称吧 that's the nickname,
青春期的昵称 some kind of the nickname of adolescence
虽然在青少年的生理方面 and even there are individual differences
在解释一些青春期特有的现象时 biological determinants of adolescence
个体存在差异 can be explained by the phenomenon of the puberty
所以谈到青春期 So relate to the puberty
我们必须要考虑 we need also to think of that
其存在一些心理的维度 there are some psychological dimension
那些心理和生理的变化 those psychological biological changes
带来的情感 关系和其他的变化 bring emotions and our relationships and so forth
青少年的健康是另外一个问题 And the health issues is another issues for the adolescence
因为在这段时期 Because that's the time
你必须学会如何照顾自己 you need to learn how to take care of yourself
对自己的人生负责 and you need to be responsible of your life
因为这正是你身体成长的开始 that your body that is the starting point of your life
非常感谢大家参与本周的课程 So thank you very much for this week, the lecture
下周我们将会 And next week we are gonna to
讨论青少年的认知变化 think of the cognitive changes of adolescence
下周见 See you next later