演说者:利亚沃德西尔斯 03 - Justice Leah Ward Sears '76.mp4
康奈尔大学出品 This is a production of Cornell University
大家晚上好 Hello and good evening everybody, uhm!
我叫大卫亚伯拉罕斯 My name is David Abrahams and I'd like to
欢迎大家来到这里 非常感谢你们 welcome everybody and say thank you very much
能来参加这次讲座 for attending this event.
这是一项过去多年里我们期盼已久的 This has been an event that we've been looking forward
活动 说实话 to for a few years and to be honest we want to give
我们想向西尔斯法官表达诚挚的谢意 our sincere thanks to Justice Sears
感谢他愿意今晚来做演讲 for agreeing to talk this evening.
我不会用长篇大论来开头 I'm not going to beleaguer you with a lot of talk but again,
我只想说 谢谢你们 you know, I want to say thank you and you know,
这项活动的代表意义之一 one of the things that I think this event symbolizes
就是合作的精神 很多人 is the spirit of cooperation and just to demonstrate
一起合作才促成这一切的成功 just how many people came together to make this happen
我们想要感谢康奈尔大学亚特兰大校友会 we want to thank the Cornell-Atlanta Alumni Association,
康奈尔黑人校友会 the Cornell Black Alumni Association,
人类生态学学院 法学院 College of Human Ecology, the Law School,
法律协会 康奈尔大学少数种族 the Law Association, the Cornell University Minority
校友项目以及康奈尔大学自有的 Alumni Programs and Cornell's own southeast
东南分区的同事们为这一切作出的努力 regional office for making this happen.
如果有任何一名成员在这里 If any of the committee members are here,
麻烦你们起立 如果没有你们的辛勤劳动 I'd ask them to stand up because without their hard work,
这项活动不可能完成 this event would not have taken place either.
如果你是协会的一员 请起立(掌声) So if you're on the committee, please stand. (Applause)
你们知道的 我想这很令人兴奋 You know uhm! I think these are exciting times right now
在美国 只要打开电视 in the United States, you can hardly turn on the television
就能了解到无时无刻发生的事 without seeing something about what's going on with
诸如竞选的首要目标之类的 其中 the presidential primaries and one of the,
主要的事之一就是候选人们讲述的变化 I would say, dominant things is change that you hear from
在康奈尔 这也是一样的 the candidates. Well, same thing is true about Cornell.
我想在学校里走走 I think you can hardly walk around the university
很难不看到校园里发生的些微变化 for those that have been back up there without seeing
大家都知道 change all over the campus and you know,
我们有了新校长 他非常关心学生们 we have a new president that is very engaging with
我们在这项耗费40亿美元的基金项目中 the students, you know, we've embarked on this
留下了重要的一笔 4billion dollar capital fund campaign,
除此之外 我想我们的主题之一 but in addition to that, I think one of the themes
不仅仅是康奈尔发生的变化 for us that has come out of not only change at Cornell
还有巨大的凝聚力和合作 but as one of collaboration.
我们见证了大量的组织 The we witnessed this by the number of organizations
共同合作来举办这次活动 that came together to make this happen and we also
也看到了一些学校本身 look at some of the things that are going on,
正在发生的事情 on the university itself, you know,
我们和医学院以及康奈尔校园 we have a collaboration between the medical school
都有合作 来为需要资金支援的 and the Cornell University campus for the faculty
教员们提供必备的资金 where there's seed money that's been made available
让他们能携手合作 for the faculty to work together.
我们和人类生态学的劳工会 We have collaboration with ILR in Human Ecology
一起在做研究 人类生态学院 in doing studies. We have additional collaborations
和法学院之间也有合作关系 that are going on between human ecology and
有共同的学位授予 不过我要做的 the law school where we have a combined degree
是介绍这位对这些变化以及 that's there, but one of the things that I'm about to do
合作的事情并不陌生的先生 is introduce a gentleman that's not unfamiliar with change
给你们认识 as well as being on the forefront of collaboration
他就是查尔斯布雷纳德博士 and that's Dr. Charles Brainerd, who's currently
目前是人类生态学的院长 right now the head of HumanEcology ok!
非常感谢 我就不再赘述了 Thank you and I'm not going to beleaguer that point
不过我想大家起立欢迎他 much but I wanna welcome him up here because
因为从现在起由他来做介绍 he will be doing the introductions from this point on
我希望能有掌声 and if we could have a round of applause for Dr Brainerd.
(鼓掌) (Applause)
我开始讲话之前 会说两件事情 Uhm! Before I begin my remarks, I'm supposed to
第一 今晚的这个活动是有人摄像 announce two things. First thing, the proceedings
并加以制作处理的 are being filmed and digitalized tonight and
只要轻点几下鼠标就能看到 they're going to be available just for a couple of mouse
链接是什么来着? clicks on the Cornell website and what's the link?
康奈尔 人类生态学网站 Cornell the human ecology website,
你们应该能找到 第二 you should be able to find it there and then secondly,
在随后的西尔斯法官的问答时间里 in the question and answer period for Justice Sears
麻烦大家用麦克风 afterwards, please use the microphones.
那里有个麦克风 这儿也有 There's one there and there's one over here
好的 谢谢你们 ok! Thank you!
说了那么多 大家晚上好 Well uhm! Having said that, good evening and to
所有的人 以及康奈尔的校友们 all of you, and fellow Carnelians,
谢谢你们能来 thank you all for coming.
你们都知道我是查尔斯布雷纳德 As you heard I'm Charles Brainerd and I'm a professor
是人类生态学院的一名教授 in the College of Human Ecology.
很高兴我今天能来听这个 I'm here this evening in my capacity as heard of Cornell's
康奈尔法学心理学以及人类发展的项目 Program in Law Psychology and Human Development
我很乐意做这些事情 and I'm here to do a couple of very pleasant things.
首先就是介绍我们尊贵的客人 The first thing is to introduce to our distinguished guest,
著名的利亚沃德西尔斯法官 the Honorable Leah Ward Sears and second,
其次 我还要就目前康奈尔在法学 I'm also here to say a few brief words about
心理学和人类发展方面 what we are doing up at Cornell in law,
进行的研究简短的说几句 psychology and human development.
首先我很高兴地说 利亚沃德西尔斯 Taking my first pleasant task first, Leah Ward Sears is
是乔治亚州最高法院的大法官 as you know, Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court,
再深入一些的说 but let's begin a bit further back.
她出生于德国的海德堡 She was born in Heidelberg, Germany, where her father
她父亲是一名美国军队的上校 was a colonel in the United States Army and
当时在那儿驻守 was stationed there at the time.
当然她也是我们的校友 She is a fellow Cornellian of course,
毕业于人类生态学学院 having graduated from our College of Human Ecology.
用杰出来形容她的本科生涯 To say that her undergraduate career was illustrious was
实在是有点低估了 a bit of an understatement.
我想说的一点是 她在毕业时 The one thing I wanna say about it is that she was tapped
被授予了羽毛和匕首会员资格 for membership in Quill and Dagger as a senior.
这是康奈尔大学本科中最高的 That's the highest extracurricular scholastic honor
课外奖学金 that's within the reach of Cornell undergraduates
和耶鲁的骷髅头奖齐名 along with the Yale Skull and Crossbones.
这可能是美国高等教育的同等奖项中 It's probably the most prominent honorary society
最为显赫的了 of its type in American higher education.
离开康奈尔后 西尔斯法官的仕途 Since leaving Cornell, Judge Sears' carrier has even
一路畅通 一开始她去了法学院 been more illustrious. First she went to law school,
在艾默里大学拿到了法学博士 completing her J.D. here at Emory University
接着在弗吉尼亚大学法学院 and later she completed her Masters of Law at University
修完了法科硕士 并且被 of Virginia and she had an Honorary Doctorate of Laws
莫尔豪斯学院授予了荣誉博士 has been conferred on her by Morehouse College.
离开法学院之后 西尔斯大法官在 After law school, Judge Sears did trial work with the firm
被任命为安德鲁杨市长的法官之前 of Alston and Bird before being appointed to the bench
在Alston and Bird律师行工作 by Mayor Andrew Young.
1988年 她成为了乔治亚州第一位 In 1988, she was the very first African-American woman
当上高级法官的非洲裔美籍女性 in the State of Georgia to become a superior court judge.
4年后 西尔斯法官在法庭上的成就 Four years later, Judge Sears' accomplishments
得到了泽尔米勒州长的认同 on the bench were recognized by Governor Zell Miller
被任命为最高法院法官 who appointed her to the Judge of Supreme Court.
她宣誓就职时 成为了最高法院的 When she was sworn in, Judge Sears became the Supreme
第一位女法官 也是最年轻的 Court's first Woman Justice and also the youngest justice
步入庭上的法官 to sit on the court.
2005年 西尔斯法官升为首席法官 In 2005, Judge Sears was elevated to Chief Justice
成为美国历史上唯一一位 becoming the only African American woman
非裔美国籍女性大法官 Chief Justice in the United States.
在她的职业生涯中 西尔斯法官对法学工作 Throughout her career, Judge Sears' service to both
和社区的满腔热诚从未减退 the legal profession and the community has been vast.
比如 她担任了美国律师协会选举团 For instance, she's chaired the American Bar
的团长 亚特兰大律师协会 Association's Board of elections, the Judicial Section
司法部门的部长 of the Atlanta Bar association,
迪卡尔布赡养会会长 还支持了团结协会 DeKalb County's Alimony and Support Unit Committee,
缓刑协会 国内的暴力特遣部队 Probation Committee and Domestic Violence Task Force
以及亚特兰大律师会少数种族客户项目 and the Atlanta Bar's Minority Clerkship Program.
西尔斯法官在康奈尔女性理事会 Judge Sears serves on Cornell's Women's Council
莫尔豪斯大学董事会 and the Morehouse College's Board of Directors
莫尔豪斯医学院 and on the Morehouse School of Medicine,
虐待或忽视儿童中心工作 Center for Child Abuse and Neglect. On the Board of
并且是默塞尔法学院客座教授 Visitors of Mercer Law School and on the Board of
在新希望任务理事会工作 同时还成立了 Mission New Hope. She also founded the Columbus,
哥伦布 乔治亚州女性律师项目 Georgia Battered Women's Project.
并不惊讶的是 西尔斯法官在司法 Now not surprisingly, the honors that Judge Sears
和公共服务领域获得的奖项 has received for her judicial and public service
不计其数 这里只是一些例子 are numerous. Here are just a few examples.
亚特兰大基督教青年会授予她杰出贡献女性 The Atlanta YMCA has named her one of its Outstanding
之一的称号 她还被乔治亚州<潮流>杂志 Women of Achievement and she was named one of
提名为百大有影响力的 the 100 Most Influential Georgians
乔治亚州公民之一 by Georgia Trend magazine.
她被授予了美国律师协会的 She has received the American Bar Associations Margaret
玛格丽特布伦特奖 这是用来表彰 Brent Award which honors women lawyers of
具有非凡成就的女律师的 同时还有 unusual achievement and she has received the Excellence
乔治亚州黑人女性同盟颁发的 in Public Service Award of the Georgia Coalition
杰出公共服务奖 of Black Women.
西尔斯法官也是艾默里大学女性研究机构 Judge Sears is also a former Rosalind Carter Honorary
公共政策领域罗莎琳德卡特荣誉成员 Fellow in Public Policy at Emory University's Institute
的获得者 of Women Studies.
我第二件要做的事是 Well, turning to my second pleasant task,
谈一谈康奈尔的法学 心理学 saying a word or two about Cornell's program in law,
和人类发展项目 psychology and human development.
我们在这些项目中研究的其实 There are deep parallels actually between what we do
和西尔斯法官的工作有很多重合点 in this program and some of Judge Sears' work.
在她的学术工作以及司法活动中 In both her scholarly work and her activities on the court,
西尔斯法官都以在影响了儿童和家庭 Judge Sears is widely known as an articulate authority
的问题上明确有力的见解而闻名 on issues that affect children and families,
例如婚姻的重要性 such as the importance of marriage,
青少年和怀孕的问题 problems of adolescence and pregnancy,
儿童健康的问题 离婚对 problems of child health, the impact of divorce
儿童带来的不利影响以及相关因素 on children and a number of related issues.
就一名研究者来说 最打动我的 Speaking as a researcher what has impressed me most
是我在学习西尔斯法官在这些问题上 is that I have studied some of Judge Sears' statements
发表的见解时 看到了她在论点中 on these issues, is that she has founded her views squarely
对科学思想的充分利用 on the best available science.
在法学 心理学和人类发展项目中 In the law, of psychology and human development
我们都是在为西尔斯法官提供数据资料 program, we're in the business of providing the data
实在训练科学家们 on which Judge Sears relies and we're in the business
了解如何进行那些 of training scientists who know how to conduct
必要的研究 the necessary research.
这是经验主义法学上更为庞大的 This is part of a larger movement of the law that's known
一项活动 旨在用对人类行为和 as empirical law, which aims to underpin legal practice
社会机构的最好研究 with the very best research on human behavior
来加固法学实践 and on human social institutions.
正如西尔斯法官这样 很多康奈尔的同仁 Like Judge Sears, many of us at Cornell have a particular
对儿童和家庭所面临的问题 interest in research that focuses on the problems
都有很大的研究兴趣 that confront children and families.
实际上 我们的教学人员在这些研究中 Indeed, our faculty members have long been recognized
也已经取得了非凡的成就 as world leaders in such research.
然而 研究成果会影响法律的构成 However, research on how all this affects the law,
例如 对儿童目击者的特殊性个 for instance, research on the special qualities of child
或是刑罚如何影响家庭的研究 witnesses or on how criminal prosecutions affect families,
都是非常新颖的领域 我们非常迫切 is quite new and there's a desperate need to train
需要训练新一代会为了这项研究 the first generation of scientists who will devote
奉献心力的科学家们 their lives to such research.
这就是我们在法学 心理学 That is what we've come together to do in the law,
人类发展项目中要做的 psychology and human development program.
这个领域是如此新 我们的项目也是 Because the field is so new so is our program.
还处在萌芽阶段 不过我们相信 We're just in our infancy but a few years down the road
经过一些年的磨练摸索 你们一定能从 we trust that you'll be hearing great things about
我们的毕业生和他们的研究中听到很多 our graduates and their research programs,
会让人为之兴奋而自豪的事情 things that will make you proud all over again,
会自豪自己是康奈尔的学生 being from Cornell.
我讲的够多了 Well, I've talked quite long enough and
大家不要着急 you're not anxious for the main course.
不多说 让我们热烈欢迎 So without further ado, let's give a warm
利亚沃德西尔斯大法官 Cornell welcome to Chief Justice Leah Ward Sears.
(掌声) (Applause)
非常感谢布雷纳德教授 Thank you very much Professor Brainerd,
感谢你热情和富有感染力的介绍 for that very warm and gracious introduction.
你们的项目听来真让人兴奋 Your program sounds really exciting. I'm not sure.
我不确信 这是如此的开创性 It's so cutting edge
法庭上共有7个人 you know, there are seven people on our court
一些法官的工作会比其他人更为艰辛 and some of the judges are little more stuck in their ways
我很好奇这在今天是如何处理的 than other judges and I wonder how that would be
不过你们已经如此独树一帜了 received today but you're certainly on the cutting edge
我很好奇这个项目 and I'm very curious about the program because
因为正如你们看到我所做的 as you've seen from the work that I've done,
那就是我试图要做的全部 that's almost all that I've tried to do when I wasn't
我不仅仅是研究案例 还有其他 just reading cases. So I applaud you. Are there other
其他学校在从事这个新生项目吗? is this a budding area in other schools
还是只有康奈尔一匹领头羊? or is Cornell leading the way in this?
非常好 很多其他领域也是由康奈尔 That's fantastic! As it is in so many other areas
主导的 所以我才这么自豪 and that's why I'm so proud
自己是这里的毕业生 to have been here to be a graduate.
大家晚上好 非常感谢你们 Well good evening to you all and thank you very much
邀请我来做今晚的讲话 for asking me to invite you to address you this evening.
开始前 我想专门感谢一下 Before I get started I want to give a special thanks to
大卫亚伯拉罕斯博士 以及克伦维斯 Dr. David Abrahams and to Karen Weiss for
谢谢你们组织了这样卓越的活动 organizing this wonderful event.
尽管我们离伊萨卡岛甚为遥远 Although we are far, far, far from Ithaca,
我必须说 我今晚见到了如此多的熟面孔 I must say I see so many familiar faces here tonight.
这很令人吃惊 因为这还只是三月 It's almost a shock 'cause it is just March and it's fairly
天气还很温暖 跟伊萨卡岛不一样 warm outside. It's not like it is in Ithaca I would imagine.
因此我还觉得回到校园很好 So I still feel like I'm a little bit back on campus here.
我的确是从康奈尔毕业 I did graduate from Cornell with a degree in
拿了人类发展和家庭研究的学位 Human Development and Family Studies.
我从那些研究中奠定的基础 The foundation I received from that course of study has
从很多方面影响了我今天的主题 in many ways influenced my interest in today's topic.
因此我会讲到婚姻的未来 So I'm going to get into the future of marriage
作为乔治亚州大法官时的经验给了我 which is something that I've used the power base that
很多动力去研究这个 I have as the Chief Justice of Georgia to weave something
长期以来一直吸引我的事情 I've been fascinated with for a long time and
不过现在我很高兴我们能够畅所欲言 then I'll be glad to open it up for questions
有什么问题可以尽管问 and we can just chat.
在过去的25年里 我作为一名法律工作者 You know, in the last 25 years that I've had the honor
有幸任职于乔治亚州司法系统 to serve as a jurist in Georgia's judicial system,
我学到了很多社会发展的方方面面 I have learned that in a large and growing parts of
现在的儿童持枪 our society today, children have guns
嗑药 甚至未婚生子 and they have drugs and they are having babies.
社会的很多层面中的儿童都是孤单的 In large parts of our society, children are lonely,
被遗弃的 受不到很好的教育 they are abandoned and they are insufficiently educated
甚至不能保证温饱 even insufficiently clothed and fed and in large parts of
现在有太多的单亲家庭 our society today, too many children are being born
不总是贫困的单身妈妈 to single and often but not always poor women
真希望孩子的父亲哪怕只有一点关心也好 with little if any input from the men who fathered them.
很多年前我从康奈尔毕业后 Since I left Cornell, many years ago,
社会发展成为一个不那么适合儿童 we have created a world that is not particularly hospitable
的世界 削弱了男性作为父亲的角色 to children and that diminishes the role of men as fathers.
我思考过这个现象 Now as I thought of this phenomenon and
我认为婚姻纽带的削弱 my belief that the weakening institution of marriage
很大程度上是这些弊病产生的原因 is largely responsible for many of these ills,
我很好奇我毕业后的这些年里 I wondered whether in the year since I graduated,
是不是慢慢变成了一个思想老旧过时的人 I have just become old and old fashioned about parenting,
对子女教育 婚姻的想法还停留在过去 about children, and about marriage. Maybe so.
不过我也学到 当被选去担任 But I've also learned that when you are elected to do a job
某项会影响到家庭事务的工作 as I have been and when that job involves family matters
就像我的工作 24小时7天连轴转 as my job certainly does, everyday 24/7 sometimes,
你肩上的责任就会很重 you have a solemn duty and maybe even a moral
甚至是道义上的 告诉人们到底是怎样的 imperative, not to be silent but to speak the truth to people,
说出看到的事实 这就是我要做的 to speak the truth as I see it and so that's what I'm doing.
我们从最基本的谈起 So let's just start with the basics.
破碎的家庭在庭上屡屡可见 Fragmenting families are flooding our court dockets.
1989年我成为富尔顿郡高级法院 Since I became a trial judge in 1989 on the Fulton County
的初审法官以来 家庭事务案件的比例 Superior Court, the percentage of domestic relations cases
就逐年上升 has risen sharply.
这些案子在乔治亚州高级法院的 Those cases now account for 65% of all civil cases
所有的民事案中占到了65% in Georgia at the Superior Court level.
去年超过14000名儿童是由 Last year more than 14,000 children were in the care
乔治亚州家庭处 儿童服务机构 of the Georgia division of family
在照顾 差不多24000名儿童 and children's services and nearly 24,000 were admitted
被送进了少年感化院 to a youth detention center.
乔治亚州18岁以下的青少年中 One out of every four Georgia children under age 18
每4人就有1人受到 years old right now has a case with the office
儿童强制抚养机构的关怀 of child support enforcement.
在全国 70%的少年犯来自于 Now nationwide, 70% of juvenile delinquents come from
单亲家庭 据统计局报道 single parent homes, and the census bureau reports
乔治亚州有儿童的贫困线以下的家庭 that the percentage of Georgia families with children
所占的比例从不到18% living below the poverty level jumps from under 18%
猛增到了43% 如果家里没有父亲的话 to almost 43% if there is no father present
而且 4月将要公布的一项研究 in the household. Moreover, a new study to be published
会显示离婚的花费和未婚生子抚养 in April will show that the cost of divorce
的补贴费每年花去了乔治亚州 and unwed child bearing alone costs the State of Georgia
超过10亿美元的资金 more than 1 billion dollars a year.
1年10亿 1 billion dollars a year.
这些数据很能显示 These figures are typical of what is happening
正在发生的事情 throughout the nation.
法官们的工作负担也很重 For judges, they represent a difficult workload.
这些家庭一针见血而又令人吃惊的 For families, they represent an astonishing level
显示了政府的职能缺位 of necessary but intrusive government oversight.
而政府本可以用于其他很多目的的资源 For government also, they represent a mountain
也被大量的耗费在这些事物上 of resources that could be used for other purposes.
对儿童来说 这些数据只能代表着悲剧 But for children, these statistics are a tragedy.
去年 新闻史上首次的报道了 Last year for the first time in history, it was reported
不到一半的美国家庭是已婚登记的夫妻 that less than half of US households were headed
而疾病预防控制中心也发布了数据 by married couples and the centers for disease control
表明约36%的新生婴儿 and prevention released data showing that almost 36%
都是由未婚的青少年 of all births are the result of unmarried child
诞下并抚养的 bearing these days.
在非裔美国人社区 这个数字是70% That's 70% of the African-American community.
有史以来最高的数据 The highest percentage ever recorded. In family law
在家庭法和美国社会上都是 as in the rest of American society today,
很多人愈发激烈的争论我们应当 there is an intensifying debate about how we should
对这些新闻作出怎样的回应 respond to this kind of news.
法律和社会应当积极的寻求方法 Should law and society actively seek ways to support
来支持婚姻 或者说家庭法应当为人们 marriage or should family law strive to be marriage
提供更多的权利 福利和替代措施 neutral by providing more rights and benefits
例如同居和单亲抚养 来在婚姻问题上 to alternatives to marriage, such as cohabitation
保持中立 and single parenthood.
很多家庭法学家争辩道最为迫切的需要 Some family law experts argue that our most pressing
是找到方法来公平地支持 need is to find ways to equally support
多种家庭组成形式 a wide variety of family forms.
比方说 最受尊敬的美国法学会 For example, the respected American Law Institute,
ALI 是一个法官 律师和法学学者 that's ALI, an organization of judges,
构成的组织 我也是其中一员 lawyers and legal scholars of which I am a member,
这个组织起草标准法和其他的法学建议 this organization drafts model laws and other proposals
提议了很多新兴的法律 for legal reform, has proposed a new set of laws
用来推广家庭多样化的模型 that promotes a family diversity model.
法学会中的一些学者争辩道家庭法 Some of the institute scholars argue that family law
不应当那么关注把人们压进婚姻的框架中 should focus less on trying to channel people
而是应当更多关注怎样平等对待 into marriage and more on being fair to people
处于不同关系中的人们 in different relationships.
换句话说 家庭法应当 In other words, that family law should take families
具体问题具体分析 as it finds them.
我不是一名法学教授 不过从我作为 Now I'm not a law professor but from my position
乔治亚州高级法院大法官的观点来说 as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia,
没能够鼓励婚姻的家庭法忽视了 a family law that fails to encourage marriage ignores
经验主义的事实 即婚姻已经 the fact, the empirical facts that marriage
长久地和更为广泛的影响了儿童和成人的 has long now been associated with an impressively
积极后果有着 broader ray of positive outcomes for children
极为密切的联系 and for adults alike.
主张应当婚姻多样化的专家们 Experts now who contend that we need to move beyond
声称他们只是针对目前的状况作出的回应 marriage say that they are only responding to the facts
但是还有个主要因素 我想正式 on the ground but here is one major fact that I think
他们忽视了的 that they are neglecting and that is this one.
非婚生子女抚养的高发率 High rates of non-marital child rearing is
正在严重伤害我们的儿童 hurting our children.
比如 不断有研究表明 For example, studies have consistently shown
非婚生抚养的子女遭受到的 that children raised outside of marriage suffer
生理和心理疾病更为频繁 disproportionately from physical and mental illness,
他们更容易辍学 嗑药 they are more likely to drop out of school and abuse drugs
酗酒 他们中的更多人使用暴力 or alcohol, more of them engage in violence or suffer it
或者在自己的家里遭受暴力 也不太去上学 in their own homes, they are less likely to attend college.
研究同样也表明单亲家庭中的孩子 Studies also show that children in single parent families,
有未婚妈妈 继亲家庭或是 children born to unmarried mothers and children
同居家庭中的儿童 in step families or cohabitating relationships
情况糟糕的危险更高 face higher risks of poor outcomes.
当然 很多辛勤工作的单身父母 Of course, many hardworking single parents do
在抚养孩子上很是努力 an excellent job of raising children and they need
他们同样需要我们的支持 and deserve our support as well.
就我而言 一名10多年前就离婚了的 Take it from me, a woman who divorced herself
女性 还要独立抚养两个孩子四年 over 10 years ago and reared two children
并且再婚 这是很不容易的 for four years on my own and remarried.
因此我的家庭也是混合的 So I'm in a blended family as well but I believe
不过我相信建立可依靠的健康婚姻文化 that building a viable healthy marriage culture
仍然是我们能为孩子们做到的最好的事情 in America is still the best thing we can do for our
我不是孤身一人在奋斗 children and I am not alone.
例如 最近出版的书<协调家庭>里 For example, in the recently published book
24位家庭法学者 包括其他两个州的 "Reconceiving the Family," 24 family law scholars
最高法院大法官 都对美国法学会的报告 including two other state Supreme Court Chief Justices
提出了批评 are critical of the American Law Institute's report,
还有一个机构 我在美国价值研究会的 and an institute that I'm on the Board of Directors of
理事会工作 对纽约州而言 the Institute for American Values, it's a think tank
最近由30多位家庭法学家签署的 in New York City, recently published a statement
一份声明着实是重担 声明里说 signed by over 30 family law scholars that concluded
家庭法的首要目标应当是 that a prime goal of family law should be to identify
找到新的方法来支持婚姻关系的发展 new ways to support marriage as a social institution
这样每年才会有更多的孩子受到保护 so that each year, more and more children are protected
在父母双方的婚姻关系下成长 by being raised within the marital unions of their parents.
为了达到这个目的 很多年前 To that end, couple of years ago, the Georgia
我领导下的乔治亚州最高法院 Supreme Court under my leadership established
成立了一个委员会 a commission.
这个委员会是有关儿童 婚姻 The commission is on children, marriage and
和家庭法 重要目标是找到方法 family law with an important goal and that is to find ways
来减少可避免的离婚 to reduce unnecessary divorce
以及非婚生子女的抚养 and unmarried child bearing.
作为法官 我经常因只能在框架下 As a judge I am often frustrated that I must work within
收拾婚姻破裂后的烂摊子而感到沮丧 a system designed only to pick up the pieces after families
只能在一切发生后去试图抚平 have fallen apart or failed to come together to
儿童心中的伤痛 the detriment of their children.
是把现有的资源放在体制内 Faced with the choice of putting our resources
或是把权力让渡给政府 in the playpen or in the state pen,
我想前一个才是正确的选择 I've always thought that the former was the wiser choice.
我们必须努力来防止家庭的破裂 We must work to prevent family fragmentation
因为这给儿童以及社会 because the consequences for our children and
造成的影响都不可承受 for our society are quite grave.
要寻求解决方法 我想我们一定能找到 If we look to solutions, I believe that we will find them.
我们不知道的是如何做到 What we do not yet know how to accomplish,
必须了解如何才能达成目标 we must learn how to accomplish.
我想美国人总是相信 I think that Americans have always believed
问题是可以解决的 不论有多困难 that problems no matter how difficult should be addressed
不论经受过什么 是种族歧视或是犯罪 and not merely endured whether it is racism or crime
或是贫困 美国人都可以度过 or poverty, Americans,
我总相信我们能做出改变 I always thought believe that we can find ways to
接受婚姻率下降的结果 make a difference. Accepting the decline of marriage
是不可避免的需求 这给儿童的压力太大了 as inevitable needs giving up on far too many
我个人认为他们应当受到更好的对待 of our children and I personally believe that they deserve
因此 这些就是我要说的 better than that. So with that, these are my remarks
你们有什么都可以畅所欲言 and I'll just open it up for anything you have to say.
谢谢(掌声) Thank you. (Applause)
通常 我会走来走去 Normally, I'd walk out and walk around and come back
不过既然有人在拍摄 可能我得一直 here but this is being videotaped, so I'm told I need to stay
站在这儿 .我怎样都可以 . kind of I can be more flexible
有什么问题吗?任何问题? but are there any questions for on anything?
我在康奈尔的日子 我的家庭 孩子 My years at Cornell, my family, my children that
我仍然在努力更好的抚养他们 1个14 1个21 I'm still trying to get up for they're 14 and 21.
想问什么都行 是的先生 Anything at all. I'm open. Yes sir. Okay.
学生:关于这个政府肯定都有所计划了 Man: this must have been designed by somebody
利亚 我非常感谢 in the government. Leah, I want to thank you very much
你的这些评论 for your comments.
我听过你流离的十年生活 我只想说 I heard your rotary ten years ago and just to remind the
我是六十年代出生的人 是个老家伙了 I'm 60's ones, so I'm one of the fossils in the audience here.
我去参加过很不错的康奈尔校友会 I went to a wonderful Cornell alumni thing down
在商业俱乐部 如果我没记错 at the Commerce Club and if I'm not mistaken,
来自南部..第五上诉法院的一名律师 a lawyer from the Southern ______ in the Fifth Court of
曾经参与过布朗诉教育部案 Appeals had something to do with Brown
或是南部作出过的 versus Education or one of those big decisions
重大法律决定 . in the south and
比如塔特尔 塔特尔法官 Like Tuttle, Judge Tuttle. Yeah.
塔特尔法官 是的 Man: Tuttle. Yeah, Judge Tuttle, right.
只是想让大家都知道 Just for everybody to know
我不确定是不是布朗案 It wasn't I don't know if it was Brown but there were
但当时有很多案子 他们做的很好 a lot of cases that the whole they really did a fine job.
我当时还是坐小巴来的康奈尔 Man: I came to Cornell on a greyhound bus
当时是工程学学生 自费 there as an engineering student and I got off and on my
4年后我去了医学院 card in five four years later,
不过我还是作为一名工程师开始了工作 I got off and went to med school but I started as
系主任说 你们中的2 3个人来不了了 an engineer and the dean said, two or three of you aren't
差不多是2年前吧 going to be here, you know, two years from now
是的 两年前 and sure enough two years from now,
我当时在文学院读医学预科 I was in the arts school doing my pre-med but when I left
不过我离开康奈尔开始四处旅行时.. Cornell and started traveling a lot later in life,
后来我很惊讶康奈尔学生已经无处不在了 I was amazed at how Cornell was everywhere
我值得是 无论是去彼得岛的酒店 in the world. I mean you go to a hotel down
或是加勒比海 in Peter Island in the Bahamas and in the Caribbean
都能遇到康奈尔的毕业生 and the Hotelie is from Cornell
你们都读过印第安稻米 重新计数过的 you read about the Indian rice crop that got reevaluated
那里有很多人是来自康奈尔的 and a lot of the folks in there
学生争取会和星战中 Ag school and when you look at SDS and some of
很多都是有关工程学的 that Star Wars stuff is all engineering, so now I'm back
我今年40岁了 我说的是纳米技术 to my 40th and we're talking about nanotechnology.
现在的研究发展更为集中了 So it's been a you know, they're bringing these things
好吧 回到婚姻问题上来 together. Okay, to get to your thing about marriage,
很抱歉我是红色州的共和党人 I'm ashamed to say, I'm a Republican and a red state
退休的内科医师 and I'm a retired physician and I have
我想婚姻是很重要的 I think this thing of marriage is a big thing.
媒体报道渲染的太多了 It gets blasted over by the media, you know,
充斥着性和暴力 media sells with sex and violence and all that jazz
不过最近有关学生争取会和儿童的事 but this recent thing about SDS and kids,
50%的女孩 这是很大的数量 with you know, 50% girls, it's a big number and
作为退休了的内科医师 我们必须 as a retired physician, we've got to be
这是我们在做 what are we doing to do this.
我们需要对不负责任的男性 I mean are we going to have to fine or tax males
罚款或是征额外的税吗? for leaving their seed behind?
需要在橙汁中加入避孕药吗? Are we going to have to put birth control in the orange
我的意思是 我很严肃 juice, I mean I'm serious.
我的意思是 作为退休医师 我曾经在 I mean as a retired physician, I was there for a long time
相关领域工作过很久 15-35岁控制生育 but birth control for age 15 to 35 and Advil for 35 to 55
35-55岁服用雅维 65岁之后盐酸阿米替林 and Elavil from 65 and on. I mean you know,
但是橙汁 维生素D还有其他的营养 buy your orange juice, vitamin D and all the stuff
都必须保证摄入 必须认真对待 you need. But I mean we need to be serious about this.
这和种族有关 It gets into the, you know, the ethnic thing,
和文化 财政 堕胎 it gets into the cultural thing, it gets into the finances,
以及其他的都密切相关 abortion and all the whole nine yards,
不过作为校友 我个人的评论是 but I think as Cornellians, my personal comments,
我们已经跨越了这么多的界限 well we've done so much, we've crossed so many
做了这么多 我很享受这些成就 boundaries and I really enjoy the mosaic thing
我想康奈尔的少数种族学生 here several months ago. I think the minority groups
也在试着做别的学校的少数种族 in Cornell are trying to do things that other universities
无法做到的事情 aren't doing.
我很为之骄傲 I'm proud of the University for doing that but
什么才是我们能做的实际的事 what are the practical things we can do and
不要怕 说出来 don't be afraid to say them.
我想很多人试图做到立场正确 I think a lot of us are trying to be politically correct
但是我们需要挺身而出 说出自己的想法 and we just won't say things and we need to stand up
这些都是必须做到的事情 and be heard. I mean there are things that need to be done
作为 . and you know, being
如果你是墨菲布朗 有6个孩子 if you're Murphy Brown, you want to have six kids
每年花费1000万美元 抚养6个孩子 at 10 million dollars a year, fine. Have six kids but
不我不会 我不会同意的 No, I wouldn't I wouldn't even agree with that.
我认为 You know, I think
如果你是个每年挣2万美元的父亲 Man: If you're a working dad with 20 grand a year
我不认为 我不同意这个 I don't think well, no, I don't agree with that
我一直都很谨慎因为 because I've been very careful because
我不认为这有好处 因为你们都知道 I don't think it's any better for because you know,
种族差别的确存在 但我不觉得 they're real racial and I don't think it's any better
白人妇女比黑人妇女 for a white woman who's doing well to make
在这个问题上好到哪儿去 that choice than a poor black woman to make that choice
因为我坚定的相信 父亲非常重要 because I believe very strongly that fathers count,
父亲能给家庭提供收入 and to make just because you have money,
支撑抚养家庭 墨菲的 the father should be in the home and Murphy's
我不记得 I don't remember if I don't even
谁是墨菲布朗孩子们的父亲 who fathered Murphy Brown's kids.
那是80年代的事了 但是这不仅是钱的事 This is the 80s but it's for me it's not just the money
男人很重要 当然女人也是 thing. Its men count, women count,
儿童需要父母健全的生活 and I think children need their fathers and their mothers
两者都是必须的 as much as possible.
我不是在提倡像奥奇 哈里特 I'm not advocating a return to Ozzie and Harriet
那样50年代人的生活 and definitely not to the 50s.
那显然不适合 The 50s were not a good time for folks like me.
我要做的是找到中间的立场 You know, what I'm trying to do is find a middle ground.
这个问题已经过于倾斜了 You know, I think the pendulum has swung too far.
在乔治亚州 平均31天就有人离婚 In the State of Georgia, you can get a divorce in 31 days.
我非常关心社区内的情况 I'm really concerned particularly about my community.
我生于1955年 When I was born in 1955,
今年52岁 当时黑人儿童中的20% I'm 52, 20% of the children being born to blacks
都是非婚生的 现在是70%了 were out of wedlock. It's 70% now.
为什么? And how did that happen?
我想情况应该是好转了啊 Things had gotten better not worse I think.
因此我们需要推倒重来 So we have to turn these things around but I'm working
很辛苦 但我会试着去做 very hard not to make it
有钱能做很多事情 if you're rich, you can do whatever you want.
没钱的话 就必须照着规矩来 If you're poor, you have to follow the rules kind of thing,
我想这就是为什么在传达这些信息时 and that's why I think I've been so well received
我受到了很好的待遇 in giving this message.
最初很艰难 每个人 It was tough at first. Everyone
我不相信婚姻 如果有家庭暴力的话 I don't believe in marriage if there's domestic violence
哪里都是一样的 我会坚持下去 and you know, all the footnotes. I can keep going on
也可以让我闭嘴 很多时候离婚是必要的 and I can also just shut up because there are a lot of times
但我还是想坚持己见 when divorce is necessary but I still wanted to take it on.
一开始很困难 但是过了困难时期 It was very difficult at first but after a while,
人们就会慢慢的理解 people understood
你说的太简单了 就是这样的 Man: You say it's too easy. That's the whole thing.
实在过于简单了 It's way too easy
所以如何来推翻这一切? Man: So how do you reverse that?
终于有人开始谈论这个 没人会觉得羞愧 We start talking it. No one everyone shies away,
甚至很少听到人们谈到这些 you know, you don't even hear people talking about it
婚姻是不好的词 非常刺耳 anymore. Marriage is a bad word. It's a nasty word.
人们生儿育女 却很怕别人问 You know, people have children and you're afraid to say,
你看这孩子像爸爸吗 因为 does he look like the father because
丈夫可能并不是父亲 your husband because most likely he's not the husband.
我们不谈这个 我母亲告诉我 We don't talk about it. It's a my mother told me
不要哪壶不开提哪壶 not to take this up. You know, she said this is a
会惹来很多麻烦 you're going to get tarred and feathered.
她78岁了 她说婚姻是美满的 She's 78 years old. She said it's a good thing
但我们周围 我们的朋友 to take up but nobody our friends, oh god no
不要这样 黑人和白人 please don't do this. But it's been very well received
都很好的接受了这个 among all kinds of the blacks and whites
非常有趣 and it's interesting.
很多人都出柜了 So many people are creeping out of the closet, afraid
他们怕别人提 因为 they were afraid to talk about it, because you know,
政治立场上这是个污点 it's not politically correct, you know,
现在的确很多样化 it's sort of a diversity but you know,
但有时候多样化得太过了 diversity can go too far, you know,
人们什么都能接受 where we just accept everything.
这就是我们在做的 And that's what we're doing.
教会孩子认识周边发生的任何事情 We're teaching our children everything goes.
我不认为那是需要知道的 I don't think that's what we need. Okay, anyway.
不管怎样 谢谢 我去这边转转 Thank you. We'll meet again. Let me go on this side.
西尔斯法官 我是瑞克沃内基 Man: Justice Sears, I'm Rick Warnecke.
我也是55年生的 I was also born at '55 by the way.
很好 那是个好时代 Okay. Oh good. That light is
我想说一些事情 Man: I want to offer a couple of things.
我讨厌这个 很费时间 I hate to do this and take mike time
但是多谢今晚来的每个人 but thanks to everybody for coming tonight.
能聚在一起讨论真美好 It's wonderful when we have and thank mostly for you
谢谢你们能来 for coming tonight.
我在理事会工作 有你这样 I'm on the board and it's wonderful
带动周围很多人的工作者 when we have somebody like you that brings out
真是很好的事情 我遇到一个化学工程师 so many people. I met a chemical engineering colleague
从毕业后我们就没见过了 of mine who I haven't seen since we graduated,
还碰到了兄弟会的朋友 I met a fraternity brother tonight who I haven't seen
也很多年没见了 在此我想鼓励大家 in several years and I want to encourage everybody
都来参加康奈尔的活动 to come to all Cornell events we have in town.
能遇到很多人 很开心 We have many of them and we have a great time, okay.
我就接着讲今晚的主题了 So I'll shift into the topic for the evening,
我20年前和妻子离婚了 I got divorced from the practice wife about 20 years ago
支付了大笔赡养费 and I spent a lot of my children's inheritance
妻子再婚后搬到了800英里之外 when they moved 800 miles away by still staying
把孩子也带走了 involved with my children.
我每个月 或每6周去探望一次 I got to see them every month or every 6 weeks,
经常跟他们讲电话 talk to them on the phone constantly.
我再婚时 现在的妻子莉斯 When I remarried, my wonderful wife Liz now,
和我的孩子成为了很好的朋友 she became a friend to my children, so actually
这样他们就有3位很关心人的家长了 they have three hopefully wonderful parents to raise them.
当然 从中受益是因为孩子们把莉斯 Of course, we benefit because the kids thought of Liz
当成好朋友 什么都跟她说 as a friend, so they told her everything
她也会立刻告诉我 我再告诉前妻 which she immediately told me which I immediately told
这个之前孩子们并不知情 my ex-wife and which the kids didn't know
直到最近 这对他们的成长很有好处 until a couple of years ago, which helped raise them
我很赞同你们做的 and anyway I appreciate a lot of what you're doing
那非常好 and I think it's wonderful.
你今天说的都非常有用 下面是我的问题 A lot of what you're saying tonight, here's my question,
似乎这和比尔科斯比说的是重合的 it seems to parallel the message that Bill Cosby
我很好奇如果你和比尔有任何联系 is putting out and I was curious if you had
如果你们曾经合作 any relationship with Bill Cosby and
一同进行过研究 if you were ever teaming together on some of this
因为是很棒的工作 希望能继续下去 because it's wonderful work and I want it to continue.
不 并没有 我读过他的著作 No, I haven't. I've read some of his things but no,
但是我们并没有联系 we don't have a relationship.
我希望你能和他合作 Man: I would encourage you to reach out to him.
我想他会对乔治亚州的大法官 I think he would respond to the Chief Justice of Georgia
作出回应的 如果你愿意的话 if you wanted to do things together.
好的 我可能会问他一下 谢谢你 Okay. I might give him a buzz. Okay thank you
我举着手是怕你注意不到我 I'm putting my hand up because we're trying to get
这边被挡住了不太看得见 谢谢 this light. I can't even see thank you.
西尔斯法官 我叫弗兰克戈德曼 Man: Justice Sears, my name's Frank Goldman,
87届的毕业生 我想稍微改动一下主题 class of '87. I'm going to change the topic on you
你最近关于司法赔偿 a little bit. You had recently given some testimony
发表了一些建议或是讲话 or provided a speech with respect to judicial pay
我想你是不是能花点时间做点评论 and I was wondering if you could spend a minute
回应一下这个问题 or two commenting reflecting on that issue
因为我想这不仅在乔治亚州 在全国 because as I'm sure you know, it's a challenge
也是个不小的挑战 here not only in Georgia but throughout the country.
所以我希望你能够对此 So I was hoping you might be able to provide
做一些评论 a minute or two to comment on that.
是的我很高兴 我想这里的大多数人 Yeah. I'll be glad to. I'm sure most people here
并不是律师 也对此不感兴趣 aren't lawyers and aren't that interested
但我身为乔治亚州的大法官 but I'm the Chief Justice of Georgia and
这在乔治亚司法系统中已经是很高的位置了 that's fairly high up in the Georgia judiciary.
但是我的薪水比大律所里的 And I'll tell you, I now make less than a starting lawyer
初级律师还少 这并不奇怪 at a large law firm right now and that's not unusual,
我在最高院的同事 you know, that's my colleagues on the Supreme Court,
在上诉法院的同事 my colleagues on the Court of Appeals,
都工作了25年了 we have an average of about 25 years of experience
但那个刚从哈佛或弗吉尼亚或杜克毕业的小子 and while the guy who just graduated from Harvard
不管有多聪明 or Virginia or Duke or what have you is brilliant,
刚上手时根本找不到方向 most of them can't even find their way
给了指引也没用 with the GPS system to the courthouse, you know.
这是他们的市场动力所在 And I know it's their market forces and that kind of thing
但我们需要给法官们 . but we do need to give our judges
有段时间我很辛苦 把孩子送去上大学 I had a difficult time putting my children through college
靠微薄的薪水支撑 但我热爱我的工作 on the wages that I make but I'm committed to the job
实话说 如果我儿子没拿到弗吉尼亚的 that I do. If my son hadn't honestly,
全额奖学金的话 hadn't gotten a full scholarship to Virginia,
我也不知道该怎么办 I don't know what I would have done.
不过我还在为女儿支付学费 So okay. But I'm paying for my daughter though, anyway.
好运只有这么多 Yeah. You know, you only get so much good luck. Yes.
你好 我是约翰尼克松 53届毕业的 Man: Hi, I'm John Nixon, class of '53.
在亚特兰大有没有什么组织 Are there organizations in Atlanta,
非营利的组织是关于改善 some nonprofit organizations that are working
或是鼓励婚姻关系的 有的 toward improving or encouraging marriage Yes.
它们是什么 我们怎么去寻求帮助呢? Man: And what are those and how can we get involved?
有些家庭 .有很多的社区组织 There's families there are just a lot of
全国各地都有 community organizations, all throughout the country.
慢慢地 Now that are slowly well not slowly,
他们正在加紧努力 更快的解决问题 they're getting this on the radar screen.
我想你们听过 关于父亲缺位的儿童的问题 I think it's being heard, you know, the fatherlessness issue.
有段时间我认为很多女性 We went through a time when I think a lot of women
很多人认为靠妈妈就能养大孩子了 lot of people thought that women could just rear
如果有足够的钱的话 if you had enough money, you know,
足够的资源 有个好叔叔时不时来看看孩子 enough resources and a nice uncle who could drop
一个单身女性就能养大孩子了 in from time to time, you could rear a child yourself
是可以做到 但是父亲为孩子提供了一些 and you can do that but fathers provide something
非常重要的支撑 研究表明 very important and the research is showing that
婚姻是略微特殊的 marriage is something a little bit special
因为对离婚的人来说 because for those of you who are divorced
婚姻作为一条纽带 you might know this, marriage connects a man
连接起男人 女人和孩子 to the woman to the child.
这是很多研究都表明的 You know, that's what so many of the studies
因此男性当和自己孩子的母亲结婚时 are showing. So many men provide so much more
能够为家庭提供更多的助力 when they're married to the mother of their children, okay.
是的 并不总是那样 . So yes. It can't always work out that way
我能理解 好的 so I do understand that. Okay. Yes.
我是苏珊卡利斯 1980届的 Woman: I'm Susan Kallis, class of 1980
之前你在最高院工作的时候 and we've actually met before you were
我们就见过 on the Superior Court.
好的 Okay.
那是很久以前了 Woman: That's how long ago that's been.
很多描写你的著作里 In many wonderful articles that have been written
都写到你的儿童时期 about you and you alluded to it just now,
经历了民权运动 your childhood was impacted by the Civil Rights
你毕业后的那年秋季我来了康奈尔求学 Movement. I came to Cornell the fall after you graduated
当我回忆起那4年 and in my four years, as I look back on it,
康奈尔在政治上非常 Cornell was politically pretty there was a lot of
它对时事非常的漠不关心 it was apathetic.
我的意思是 学生都不感兴趣 I mean there was just no political interest
你是80年代来求学的 You came in the 80s then.
不 应该是76年开始的 Woman: Well, no the fall of '76 is when I started.
因此我在想 从政治意义上讲 And so I was wondering what Cornell was like for you
你觉得康奈尔怎样 民权运动 in a political sense, the Civil Rights Movement or
或者其他的 你的经验又是什么? was it charged and what was your experience?
我记得 哦谢谢你 我52岁了 Now remember oh thank you I am 52, okay,
我不是个民权主义者 so I'm really I'm not a civil rights you know, march
不是那种激进的派别 lunch counter person.
我和一名68岁的乔治亚州人结婚 I'm married to a man who is 68 who is from Georgia,
去了卡拉克亚特兰大大学 went to Clark Atlanta University,
那是非常民权高涨的学校 who sat in at the lunch counters and did the
我的丈夫加入了和平组织 joined the Peace Corp and he was in all that
参与了全程的活动 whole activists.
我觉得自己 我1792年来到康奈尔 I consider myself I went to Cornell in 1972,
我想自己是赞成派的成员 I consider myself the affirmative action generation, okay.
我们来 我家是中产阶级 We came I was a middle class woman.
我的父亲是一名上校 不愁钱 Father was an army colonel, didn't suffer for any money,
我从来没去过黑人学校 grew up I never went to a black school except
除了童年时期有一年 for one year when I was growing up, okay.
只有那年我父母突然觉得 One year when my parents thought it was important
让我在黑人学校呆一年是很重要的 that I spend one year in a black school.
因此他们把我送去了黑人学校 So they put me in a black school just to experience it
只是为了让我体验一下 那时我高三 and then my last year of high school,
我们住在萨凡那的一个白人犹太人社区 we lived in a white Jewish neighborhood in Savannah,
那时的乔治亚州很混乱 白人歧视犹太人 Georgia that was bussed they bussed the Jews
和黑人 因为治安很差 and us because it was messy back then
而且他们发现犹太学生和黑人学生 and they figured that Jewish students would integrate
更处得来 better with black students.
因此我在高三那年 So I got on a bus and was bussed to a black school
去了黑人学校 my senior year.
我说的是实话 Well I'm telling you the truth. You ask this is what
我非常的焦躁 并不是跟他们扎堆在一起 I was so fed up, not with the integration.
只是 我厌倦了当个小人物 It was just I was tired of being a pawn.
我想要学习 I wanted to learn and I really was
我只是觉得花费了整个生命 felt that I spent much of my whole upbringing teaching
来告诉人们黑人是怎样的 我受够了 people what black was and I just got tired.
我只是想过的好一点 I just wanted to be comfortable, you know,
你们都在白人学校上学 和白人一起 when you're in an all white school, who do you go to
去参加舞会 对我来说那太难了 the prom. It just was too hard and there
那时有太多无知的问题 我的头发 were too many ignorant question my hair
为什么我的头发是编起来的 how does my hair braid and
我只是想生活轻松一点 I just wanted to be comfortable.
因此我逃离了 我申请了康奈尔 So I got as far out of I applied to Cornell
因为手册上通篇的信息 because of the gorges in the brochure.
因此 So keep the way far up.
我父亲是一名上校 非常严格 I was going my father was a colonel, real strict.
我只是想逃离他的身边 I just wanted to go.
16岁时 我的学分就修满了 So when I was 16 years old, I got enough credits.
我没有再升一级 I didn't do a senior year really.
而是又上了一年高二 之后就离开了 I doubled up in junior year and I got out,
来了康奈尔 我做的第一件事 went to Cornell and the first thing I did
那时在康奈尔这很寻常 this was very natural at Cornell then.
所有的黑人 因为这是有关种族的事 All the blacks 'cause it was a black
都聚集在一起 我只是 and white thing then, just gathered together and I just
似乎我总是 it was always like I was a
在康奈尔里一所传统的黑人学院学习 in a historically black college at Cornell.
我坐在黑人的桌子上 和你们 和黑人 I sat at the black table, ate with you remember,
一起吃饭 住在..住了3年 ate with the black lived in house three years,
去参加 聚会 但那感觉很好 partied at but it was so great for me,
因为我相信康奈尔让所有人 because I believe Cornell was so you know,
成为他们想要的样子 whatever you wanted to be you could be and
对我来说简直是久旱逢甘霖 it was a feast for me and I needed to learn about
我需要知道身为黑人意味着什么 what it meant to be black
我在康奈尔都学到了这些 因为他们 I learned all that at Cornell because they
没人跟我一起 后来我去了黑人研究中心 I was left alone and I went to the Black Study Center
现在我也在那儿 感觉很不错 and here I am today. It was good for me.
看起来很可笑 但是我的确学到了很多 So it may look funny but I was learning a lot and
也放松了下来 I was relaxing and I was just
我不再需要那么辛苦了 you know, I didn't have to struggle so much.
这有点像强迫孩子呆在一起 The putting it together, sort of forcing the kids
这样看起来好一些 together was had made the place look better
但不是 我只是需要自己呆一会儿 but it wasn't I just needed to be among my own
就像 我第一次上庭时 for a while, just like when I was first on the court,
那会儿我36岁 I was me at 36,
我是一名36岁的高院法官 I was a 36-year-old Supreme Court Justice,
其他人的平均年龄是60岁 the average age of the guys were 60.
能想象吗 我是认真说的 Can you imagine I'm serious
第一次上庭时 我一直在冒汗 when I first got to the court, I mean I was sweating,
我有一些妇女团体 联系 you know and I had some female groups, links
周末我就和她们坐在一起 and AKAs and all boy, I would sit there on the week,
就已经很开心了 just being so happy just to be among women,
并不是我不喜欢自己的工作 just you know, it's not that I didn't like
我只是需要呆在能够放松的地方 what I was doing, I just needed to be some place
知道这什么意思吗? where you know, I could relax. Does that make any sense?
并不是种族或是我讨厌谁谁 Wasn't racist or I didn't hate anybody, still don't
这就是我想要的 so that's what it was.
是的 谢谢 Woman: Yeah, thanks.
好的 我走到这儿来 Okay. I'll move over here.
晚上好 我叫莎瑞马修鲍德温 Woman: Good evening. My name is Sharel Mathews
是富尔顿镇家庭法庭的一名仲裁员 Baldwin and I'm a domestic mediator at Fulton County
因此我能亲眼看到西尔斯法官所说的 in the family court, so I see firsthand Justice Sears
离婚相关的事情 what happens relative to divorce.
我是说..任一天都有15或20个离婚的案子 I mean in any given day, you've got 15 or 20 cases
作为一名仲裁员 in each of the courts, divorce and as a mediator,
民事仲裁员 思考在法官作出判决前 as a domestic mediator it's my responsibility to see
如何帮助签订离婚协议的双方 if I can help the parties reach to an agreement
是我的职责 without the judge making the decision,
我想告诉你们 让父母重新和好的 and I got to tell you, one of my catches for the dad
一个重要因素就是孩子 and the mom to come together is over the children
他们可能就离婚争论了很久 and as much as they may fight in terms of this divorce
交锋非常激烈 and pointing fingers every which way,
但谈到孩子时 when I bring them back to the children,
我能从言行看出他们 I see in the father's eyes, in their speech,
对孩子的爱 in their heart, they love their children.
那样很好 That's good.
另外一件我希望他们知道的事 Woman: And the one thing that I wish that they
是如何在作出离婚的决定前 knew is how to sort of take another road
寻求别的解决办法 before they got to divorce and
-我不确定有多少家庭知道这个 I'm not sure that many families know that
因为很多人可能会经历 because in marriage for those of you who've may be
不止一次婚姻 been through more than one,
情况不妙 你们就退出了 you close up when you're marriage isn't going well.
然而人们并不向他们寻求帮助 You don't ask for help and so often not asking for help
也不知道该去哪儿寻求 or not knowing where to go,
我想这才使得离婚 I think leads or makes the path to divorce
来的更快 even that much quicker.
就是这个 Right.
我非常希望处于危机中的家庭 Woman: And I really wish that there was some way
能够了解一些寻求帮助 that families in crisis knew or understood
的途径和办法 that there was availability for help.
我不认为有很多是真正的危机 I don't think there is.
没什么大不了的 让我说 There's not much. You know let me just say,
今年秋天我们会开展一种新的 we're starting in the fall a pilot court, a new kind of pilot
专门法庭 可能是在康奈尔 court where it may be Cornell
也可能在别的什么地方 but it may be someplace else where
我在富尔顿 Woman: I'm in Fulton.
好吧 不是在富尔顿 我之前呆过那儿 Okay, we can't do it in Fulton. I was in Fulton.
需要大量的资金进行布置 It takes a lot of money to put something
但是接受的服务越多 but where there are more services,
可能我们就能拯救更多的婚姻 maybe we can save some marriages
对于矛盾无法解决的婚姻 and for those marriages we cannot save,
离婚也会相对便利一些 the divorce will go down a little bit easier.
我们会邀请很多为专家 We're bringing in many more experts 'cause you know,
我实在不认为离婚是法庭上的事 I really don't think divorces belong in courts,
但那点很根本 but that's radical. That's real radical.
我不会很激进的对待这个问题 So I won't be radical, right.
我们做了很多仲裁 Woman: Yeah. We do many mediations.
我指的是实际的离婚案件 I mean many of the actual divorces as you say,
31天就能结束 因为仲裁更简洁 get done in 31 days because of mediation
并不一定需要 and not necessarily because of you know,
法官的介入 a judge got involved but you know,
法官只需要做好本职工作 I just say to you in doing your work if somehow families
那些家庭自己就会去找你了 in crisis could know that there is you know,
不需要向私人律师支付佣金 without paying a private practitioner because
因为很多家庭也反映 that's what many families also say is that,
没那么多钱去走完 you know, we just didn't have the money to
咨询诉讼的程序 go to counseling, you know,
这些我都说了 如果对你的工作 I just put that out there for you if you can make
有所帮助 能让人们知道 that available in your work for people to know
存在很多帮助的资源 and understand that there are resources,
因为父亲也爱他们的孩子 because dads love their kids,
的确是这样 我能从他们的眼睛里看到 they truly do and I see it in their eyes
我想如果有办法 他们一定会留下来 and I think that they would stay if they could work it out
为了照顾孩子 for the sake of their children.
让我讲一讲 Right. Let me just say this thing.
离婚的平均费用 在乔治亚州 Average cost of divorce of one divorce in Georgia
现在是35000美元 很多人能付得起 now is $35,000 just for now, many of us
但是大多数人并不能 can afford that but most people can't.
所以 So you know yes mama.
谢谢 我是利恩 87届的 Woman: Your honor, hi. I'm Lynn Wisbad ILR '87
首先想感谢你今晚能来 and I want to first thank you for coming tonight
并且没遵从你母亲的建议 and for not taking your mom's advice
继续从事了这个职业 and going ahead and taking on this topic.
谢谢 你能打电话告诉她么···· Thank you. Would you call her she's at thank you.
作为一名伟大的父亲 Woman: And speaking as the daughter of a great dad
和我母亲相濡以沫这么多年的父亲的女儿 who stayed married to my mom and
以及一位伟大的丈夫的妻子 the wife of a great husband,
我丈夫是弗兰克古德曼 Frank Goldman sitting up there,
就坐在那儿 who is a great dad to his daughter,
我非常赞同你说的话 I wholeheartedly agree.
我想父亲对家庭的影响是巨大的 I think fathers in the home matter enormously
我很好奇 在你的工作中 and I'm wondering in your work,
你见过或者用到过哪些 what legal strategies have you seen
法律策略来帮助危机家庭中的父亲 or begun experimenting with that would help fathers
度过难关 of families in crisis stay with the home
其中包括你最根本的要将离婚从庭上 and in the home including your radical idea
分离的想法 我愿意洗耳恭听 to take divorce out of the courts. I'd love to hear you
谢谢 Well, you know, thank you.
很多的问题 包括资源 咨询 工作 A lot of the problems is resources, counseling, jobs,
有很多研究 you know, there's just lots of studies
其中有一项普林斯顿的研究 there was a study, a Princeton study,
你们可能熟悉 我想布鲁金斯机构 you may be familiar with, as I think the Brookings
或者 我不太确定 Institute or I'm not quite sure that
我想他们调查了100名贫困的 where I think 100 poor women were studied
妈妈 他们的想法是 with who had children and their idea is
或者他们的思维过程是 为什么 or their thought process, why are you not
你要养孩子 why do you have children and not
或者为什么不结婚 or you're not married.
很多人认为她们没资格 And many of them thought they were ill equipped
成为别人的妻子 to be wives.
她们是母亲 但是成为妻子需要牺牲更多 They could be a mother but being a wife took more work
这我很同意 and I would agree with that.
但是有一件事 . But you know, that's one thing we you know,
你们需要相信自己能够做好 you have to have the confidence that you can be a partner
在他身后给他支持 and walk beside him and be of support
需要知道作为配偶也存在策略 and you have to know that that's a good mating strategy
需要保持父亲和孩子们的 that you need to keep that father close to you
亲密联系 for the children.
我们谈到的是之前从未讨论过的 We've gotten into a cultural thing where it's just not
有关文化背景的问题 even thought of anymore.
人们甚至从来都想不到这点 People don't even think about it.
我的意思是 I mean are you finding that
我发现这点在年轻女性中尤其普遍 I'm finding that all particularly among young women.
他们甚至不理解我在说什么 They don't even understand what I'm talking,
但我说的是婚姻 人们却更为政治的 but I talk about marriage and people change it to families
理解成了家庭 to be more politically
我指的并不是家庭 when I say, no, I don't mean families,
我指的是婚姻本身 I mean marriage, you know, marriage,
家庭 婚姻 是不一样的 families, marriage you know,
这是我先提到婚姻的原因之一 that's one of the reasons I put marriage in the
理事会的所有人都希望我谈一谈家庭 as the commission everyone wanted me to say family,
大家都可以来讨论 so we could include everybody and
我想要亲密的家庭 也想要强有力的婚姻 I want strong families but I want strong marriages too,
不论是第一段还是第二段婚姻 be it your first marriage or your second marriage
我希望这些纽带都会成型 or you know and I want to see these bonds formed.
谢谢你 Woman: Thank you.
谢谢你的评论 Man: Thank you so much for your comments.
我叫吉姆凡布伦 55届的 I'm Jim Van Buren, class of '55 and medical school
59届的医学院学生 在亚特兰大从事 in '59 and I can tell you that during a lot of years
很多年的保健护理药物管理以来 of primary care, medicine here in Atlanta,
我见过很多过的很辛苦的 I've seen an awful lot of really tough women
单亲妈妈 为抚养孩子而担忧 who have been single moms who have raised their kids
为生计而挣扎 worried and struggled.
我的问题是 我们是受到祝福的人 Now the question I have and we were blessed
我的妻子也是康奈尔的校友 in my family and my wife who is also a Cornellian
今天不能来 and couldn't be here tonight and we've just
我们刚刚庆祝了50银婚 had our 50th wedding anniversary which was great
还有5个孩子 but then we have 5 kids,
这很棒 我妻子是家庭主妇 which was great and my wife was a stay at home mom,
这对孩子们造成了很不同的影响 which I think made a big difference with our kids,
我想你能对这种单职工家庭 and I wondered if you would comment about
的状态做一些评论吗 the present state where so many families
还有些家庭是父母双方都在工作的 and probably most families have got to have two people
为了保证家庭的收入 working to be able to maintain the economics
这对家庭的维系 of their household and what this means
又意味着什么呢 to the family dynamics.
这问题很难 我鼓励所有人 Yeah. It's difficult. You know, I encourage everybody,
甚至是为两份薪水奋斗的人 people who can, even if you have two people working
不要双方都去工作 to try to live not on two incomes
但不幸的是 太多家庭都是父母 but unfortunately far too many people have to
都在工作的了 have two people to work but I think you know,
我来自 传统 I don't really I come from a tradition of
我是非裔美国人 黑人女性 I am an African-American and black women
每日离家去工作 回家又要照顾孩子 have worked outside the home and in the home
已经很多年了 很少有黑人 for years and there have been very few black
我母亲就是一直在工作 my mother always worked.
她教了很多年书 She taught school for many years and her mother
她的母亲也在工作 再往前也是 always worked and her mother before that always worked.
我从没实际见过 我认为 So I've never really seen that I think a single
做家庭主妇很好 我也很尊重她们的选择 a stay at home mom is fine and I certainly respect
如果父亲单方能够负担家庭开支的话 that choice and I think it's good if you can afford that
母亲呆在家照顾孩子当然是件好事 and that's great.
我不认为女性必须出去工作 不工作也无妨 I don't think it's a must to I think it's a privilege.
但是这现在已经很少见了 It's very rare in the world, if you look
任何国家都是 很少见到 around the world where you can have a woman
只是照顾孩子的全职家庭主妇了 who can stay at home and just take care.
非洲的女性需要种地 并且照顾父母 If you go to Africa, they're farming and taking care
大多数女性都是 需要做 of their most women, you know, you do many,
很多很多事情 many things.
因此我不确信情况都是这样 So I'm not convinced that's a must do and
我知道大多数家庭父母都得工作 I know most people cannot afford that but if you can,
如果能负担 母亲呆在家也不错 I think that's good.
我说过很多次 我觉得 I've commented many times that I think it
带着孩子还要在司法系统努力工作 was an extreme burden going up in the judiciary
的确很有负担 我需要应付的更多 having my children, I was always juggling more balls
并且我仍然认为这对女性而言 and I do still think it's harder for women
比对男性来说更辛苦 因为 than for men because I'm
某天晚上公共广播事务局采访了我 PBS interviewed me one night for a series one night.
我当时在审判一宗谋杀案 我一直在想 I'm sitting on a trial in a murder case thinking about
或者说至少我时不时的在走神 or at least my mind flits to you know,
因为工作而回不了家 oh I didn't unthaw the roast, flits back,
我在想谁能去接我的女儿 you know, and then, who's going to pick up my daughter
什么时候才能回去 不知道是不是 and flits back and I don't know if it's something
很多女性都有这个烦恼 about women or what.
或许你们能告诉我 不过我总是觉得 Maybe you all women can tell me but I always felt like
如果有个丈夫 那时他就可以帮 I had my husband in that instance
孩子们叫批萨当晚餐 我也不用烦恼了 would have just ordered pizza and forgotten about it.
因此我经常觉得很愧疚 So I just always felt more guilt or what have you
这是我个人的感觉 nd it's been my own personal. I felt I had to do
作为母亲或是女儿都是 or even as a daughter now,
我..我是乔治亚州的法官 I have a I'm Chief Justice of Georgia,
有丈夫 有两个孩子 I have a husband, I have two children,
我到了深夜还得加班 I do these kinds of things on nights off that are not off.
要做的工作有很多 It's just a lot of balls to have to juggle that
时不时我母亲还打电话给我 and you know, I'll get a call just bringing up my mother
她在工作时间给我打电话实在是 again. She will call me at the office in a way that
她从来不打给我哥哥..从海军学院毕业的 never call my brother who naval academy graduate,
也是斯坦福法学院的毕业生 Stanford Law School graduate and all and say,
她老跟说 利亚 梅西百货这周打折啊 Leah, there's a sale at Macy's on
苍天啊我在工作 I swear to god and I'm doing Chief Justice stuff,
我的意思是我没闲着 you know, I mean I'm not a
不过母亲可能总是希望和女儿一起 but I do think that just women expect their daughters,
就为什么不去找布兰登呢 you know, why didn't you pick up Brandon at the so
这让我非常的纠结 and so, you know, they're fighting,
工作和家庭无法兼顾 are you going to do something and I think
女性确实很辛苦 我期待着哪天 women are really I'm expected to get up,
结束了法官的工作 能够照顾好家人 off the bench and handle this and sort of intruded on,
比男性更多的照顾好家里人 ask more of, in terms of family than men are.
我母亲从不打电话给我哥哥 I would never she would never call my brother
也从来不叫我父亲去陪她逛街 and would have never called my father to do
实际上我也从不打电话给我父亲 in fact I was never to call my father to you know
他的工作也很辛苦很操劳 it would be too much on he's earning a living.
好的 就这样 So okay. Yes.
我叫泰勒泰特姆 97届的 Man: My name's Tyler Tatum, class of '97.
谢谢你能来 Thanks for coming out.
哦谢谢你 Oh thank you.
我的问题和现实情况有关 Man: My question is tied to the fact that I feel like
我觉得在社会中 很多事情都有框架 in our society, we tend to have templates for things.
人们期待你结婚 生子 You're expected to get married, you're expected to
在某种程度上生活就像是电视节目 have kids in some to some extent it's in every
暴露在公众面前 我们不是在生活 TV program, it's publicized and yeah, we don't live it,
而是在走这一套程序 but it's kind of this model for living that we have.
你觉得呢?因为我不知道这场节目 You think so now? 'Cause I don't know one show
人们要结婚要生子甚至 where people are getting married and even now
我想 如果问人们为什么要生孩子 Man: I think if you ask people why they have kids,
很多人估计从没思考过这问题 most people never thought about it.
他们就那么做了 因为 人们都这样 They just did it because they that's what you do
我的意思是 应当对婚姻和生育 and so my argument is should we make it easier or harder
作出一些政策上的调整吗 to get married and easier to find birth control
因为似乎这才是问题的开始 because that seems to go at the beginning
同时也是最终的解决方法 of the problems but at the end of the problem.
一旦人们结婚了 就没有时间 Once people are married and they never took the time
去思考为什么要结婚了 to think about why they got married,
结婚之前他们并不会去真正的 they didn't take time to really understand each other
理解对方 结果婚后的处境就很艰难 before they got married and now they're
可能其实双方并不合适 in a difficult situation where they really don't match
有了孩子是因为父母想要抱孙子 and they have kids because their parents ask about it
人们 and the people who
我认识不想要孩子的夫妻 I know people who decided not to have kids
情况实在很困难 and are married and they have a really tough road
人们一直问他们为什么不生孩子 because they get questioned on all the time.
但他们是充分思考才做的决定 But they made conscious decisions knowing you know,
觉得要孩子并不是很好的选择 that it was a bad decision for them to have kids.
我不认为结婚是件好事 Let me say this. I don't think you should have to
单身可能更自由 get married. It's fine to be single.
单身也很好 如果那是你想要的话 It's good to be single, if that's what you want
你觉得别人要求你生孩子 that you have to have children.
没人是被迫结婚生子的 No one has to have children.
我无法阻止你的父母去强迫你 You know, I don't I can't stop your parents
或者他们将要强迫你结婚 from pressing on you or they're going to press on you.
你需要作出自己的选择 You just have to have your mind and
过自己的生活 live your own life and you know,
怎么样的生活都是人们自己选的 people can choose whatever life
我在鼓励的是 如果结了婚 I think what I'm trying to encourage is
就要认真的负起责任 if you get married, it is a serious undertaking
这是很严肃的话题 and it should be entered into very seriously
不要中途退出 某天早晨你醒来时 and not dropped when you wake up one morning
突然觉得一切就像是梦一样 and you don't feel self actualized or something
但结婚是严肃的事情 like it's a serious undertaking and if you enter
一旦进入了婚姻 就要承担 that serious undertaking and
如果有孩子 就该为孩子多想想 if you have children, you should think about your children
不要只顾着自己个人的一时冲动 before you think about your sudden need
想要实现个人价值什么的 for self actualization or whatever.
我们这一代人经常把自己的需求 We are in a generation where adults think
放在第一位 of their needs first, you know,
我小时候 .婚姻是以 when I was growing up, it was marriages
孩子为中心的 were child centered. Right now,
他们只是成年人..非常自我 they're only adult they're adult centered.
我很想满足自己 但这感觉不好 You know, what do I need, I feel bad. I'm not happy.
我很讨厌这样 I'm sick of that. I've had so many people well,
我并不开心 见鬼了 I'm just not happy. Well, heck, you know,
你不可能一直都很开心 you can't be happy all the time.
你有三个孩子 You have three children.
他们也不会开心的 They won't be happy either.
你明白吗 否则 Do you see what otherwise you know,
我不是逼着每个人进入婚姻的坟墓 I'm not trying to get anybody in a box and
这是你自己的选择 it's up to you whether you get in a box.
我从来不逼迫自己做不想做的事情 I never got into any box that I didn't want to.
你自己需要变得更坚强 You know, you just have to be strong I guess.
我母亲想让我去教书 My mother wanted me to teach school, you know,
但是我没去 and didn't get in the box. Yes.
你好 我叫爱丽丝托金顿 Woman: Hey, I'm Alice Talkington and marriage
我觉得婚姻代表着承诺和选择 means commitment and choice and
在当今社会 I think that in society today,
我们却忽视了这些最基本的事实 we're ignoring those fundamental facts
所以我的问题是 现在的网络上 and so my question is when we look at the availability
到处都有色情描写 of pornography on the internet and
对儿童造成的了不良影响 how it is influencing our children
也影响了婚姻 but it's also influencing marriages
影响了人们的个人选择 where people make choices, personal choices to engage
这样人们的分歧就更大了 in that and then the ramifications are larger.
我们应当研究这些描写是如何 So should we be looking at how those things
影响婚姻的吗 或者只是说 influence marriage as opposed to just saying,
你应该或不应该结婚 you should get married or not.
对此我没有既定的答案 I don't have an answer for that.
我说色情作品正在引起 You're saying pornography is influencing
婚姻的破裂? the breakup of marriage?
我想是的 Woman: I think it is. Yes.
我想一些人可能会说 I just wouldn't I think some people might say
哦那对婚姻有益啊 这有点低级了啊 it might be helpful I'm sorry. I have to be cheap.
我不明白 那不是我所想的事 I mean I don't know, you know, that's just beyond me.
就像是强迫性的色情描写 You mean like an obsessive pornography kind
有些人沉迷于这些 somebody who spends a lot of I don't know.
这就是 This is just
是的 问题是 Woman: Yeah the question is
我想关于选择 人们在做选择 I guess about choice, that people are making choices
我想 Well, you know, I think this is how I
孩子们 Woman: children
我想说的是我的个人感觉 I guess what I'm trying to say is my personal feeling
不过我不是专家 不管怎样 but I'm not an expert on this. Whatever you know,
如果结了婚 不管你开不开心你 if you're married, whatever you all are happy
或者觉得婚姻很好 at whatever or you're comfortable with
觉得这就是你想要的 this is your marriage, you know,
婚姻各自不同 一旦回到刚才那个问题 not all marriages are alike and once going back to
因此不能把所有的婚姻一概而论 that other question so you can't put every marriage
有些夫妻就是 in a box and I think there are some couples
什么事情都一起 who do all sorts of different things together
似乎他们觉得那样很好 and they seem to be happy with that.
不过我想说的是 那种色情的普及性 Woman: But the point is that, the availability of that
以及对孩子的影响 and how it influences children and
对文化的影响 how it influences culture and
我不认为孩子的周围应当 Well I don't think children need to be anywhere
都是色情作品 near pornography
是的 Woman: Right.
如果你要问的是那个 If that's your question.
是的 Woman: Right.
好吧 不过我 Okay. Not at all. But I don't you're saying, they're
这是很广泛的问题 Woman: So it's a larger issue that you know,
作为成年人我们有自我选择的意志 as adults we have free will to choose that
但如果一件事在社会上很普遍 but if it's a pervasive thing in society,
儿童们每天都能见到 children are introduced to it whether you know,
如果他们只是在网上搜索 if they're just googling, so you know,
我想那是对我们研究 I think that has some influence on
的离婚和家庭的破裂 what we're seeing in the way of divorce
有所影响的 and family breakup.
好的 Okay. Alright.
西尔斯法官 Woman: Justice Sears.
是的 Yes.
你一直都这么的优雅 Woman: You've been so gracious with your time.
如果你不介意 这是今晚的最后一个问题 If you don't mind, we'll just have this as the last question
好的 我叫做格温沃特 for the evening. Okay. My name's Gwen Walt.
感谢你能来 我听过你讲话 I want to thank you for coming. I've heard you speak
能走近一点么?我不太听得清 Come up just a little bit so I can hear you.
我叫格温沃特 Woman: My name's Gwen Walt.
想感谢你今晚的到来 I want to thank you for coming and I agree with
我很同意你说婚姻是很重要的 I agree with you that marriage is important
孩子们需要有父亲在身边 and the children need a father in the home
但你不觉得那个问题其实有一部分 but do you think that part of the problem
是因为很多黑人男性 is the lack of available black man
不想结婚么 who want to commit themselves to marriage
一部分吧 这个问题很多层面 Yes. Part of it it's a multilayered
但是有很多的问题 but there are many, many problems and then part
如果你深入研究黑人社区 and then you have to go further in the black community,
为什么黑人男性不想结婚 why are there a lack of available black men.
是因为工作 经济 教育的压力太大 很复杂 It's jobs, economics, education, it's very complicated.
并不是说我不想作出承诺 You know, it's not that I just won't commit.
这很复杂 对有些人简单 但对别人不是 It's complicated. I mean for some it may be but for others,
这比我们想象的更复杂 it's a little bit more complicated. Okay.
谢谢你 Woman: Thank you.
好的 谢谢你们 今晚我很高兴 Okay. Thank you all very much. I enjoyed this.
谢谢(掌声) Thank you. Okay. (Applause)
我叫弗兰克戈德曼 Again, my name is Frank Goldman.
是亚特兰大校友协会的前任会长 I'm a former President of the Alumni Association
也是87届的荣誉毕业生 here at Atlanta and a proud alum of the University class
94届的法学院毕业生 of '87, class of '94 for the Law School and
非常感谢你今晚能来 I want to thank you Justice Sears for your time
这个演说涉及到了 this evening. It was a tremendous presentation
乔治亚州很多重要的机构 on some important institutions here in Georgia
以及全国的 作为校友协会 and throughout the country and on behalf of the Alumni
和所有伊萨卡来宾的代表 Association and on behalf of all the folks
我想谢谢你 down from Ithaca, I want to thank you
并送给你一些小礼物 and present you with a couple of items
来表示我们的谢意 as part of our gratitude.
非常感谢 (掌声) Thank you so much. (Applause)
我能打开吗? Can I open it?
是的 请便 Yeah. Sure, please.
..的科学 哦太好了 谢谢你 The science of oh great. Thank you
是布雷纳德教授写的 By Professor Brainerd.
这很棒 我对此很有兴趣 This will be great. Because I've got very interested.
这是康奈尔的手镯 And then this is a Cornell bracelet, I understand. We
我不会现在打开 won't open it now but we give you a token of
谢谢 Thank you!