这些是我们一会儿要学的四个主要种类的 There are four major categories that we will be looking at,
原住民音乐 原住民这个词在 indigenous music, indigenous is an important term
这个单元里很重要 是什么意思 in this unit, what does it mean?
土生土长的 特别是在那个地方发源的 Native. And specifically native that originated there,
因为拉丁美洲的情况是 because the thing about latin America
西班牙人带来了很多东西 is that the Spaniards brought a lot of things with them
当他们十五十六世纪到达拉丁美洲的时候 when they came in the 15th and 16th centuries,
这些乐器就一直在那里 and they have been um those instruments have been there so long
以至于大家都把它们当成是原住民乐器了 now that people consider them to be indigenous instruments,
比如吉他 for example the guitar.
但是它的确是从西班牙过来的 But it really did come from Spain,
所以实际上并不是原住民乐器 so it is not actually an indigenous instrument
我们要看看原住民乐器和外来乐器 and we are going to look at the differences
之间的区别 between the indigenous instruments and the imported instruments.
所以第二个种类 伊比利亚音乐 So the second category, Iberian,
来自西班牙和葡萄牙 from the Spanish and Portuguese
还有混合祖先的民乐 and then mixed ancestry folk music
我们要学习受非洲影响的民乐 we are going to look at African influenced music,
还有最后是都市流行音乐 and finally urban popular music,
这是这单元的四个种类 those four categories in this unit.
幻灯片上有对住在这个地区的 Your power point does a brief synopsis
民族的一些概要 of the people who live in this region,
当然原住民 比如印加人 of course the indigenous people, the Inca,
阿兹台克人 玛雅人等文明 the Azrec, the Myans civilizations
是先来的 而西班牙在 that were there first but then of course
十五十六世纪的征服 the Spanish conquest in the 15th and 16th centuries
带来了很多改变 也摧毁了 brought a lot of change and destroyed
很多的原住民人口 a lot of the population
还有很多的原有的文化 and a lot of the original culture,
西班牙人带来的不仅是他们的 and the Spaniards brought with them
音乐 还有他们的宗教 not only their music but also their religion
主要是天主教 which was primarily Catholic
他们基本上是强迫当地人 and they pretty much forced it on the people
接受天主教 当时是很艰难的时代 who were there, and it was a very difficult time
还有一段很丑陋的历史 and a very ugly history
如果你们读过西班牙征服者 if you read about the Spanish Conquistadors
的事 还有这段历史 and what happened.
比如说 有人知道 Just as an example, does anybody know
如果有人说 what it means when someone says,
拖他们的脚到火上烤是什么意思吗 hold their feet to the fire?
听过这种说法吗 Heard that term before?
有人听说过吗 Anybody heard that term?
他们说把他的脚拖到火上去烤 You gotta hold his feet to the fire,
这个说法是从西班牙征服者过来的 well that term comes from the Spanish Conquistadors
他们真的会升起一堆火 who would literally build a fire
然后把原住民的脚拖到火焰上烤 and hold a native person's feet to the flames
直到他们同意皈依基督教为止 until he or she decided to convert to Christianity.
这就是这个说法的来源 That is where that term comes from,
你们这样就能大概知道 so you can get a sense of the nature what the Spaniards
当时西班牙人都做了什么 did during that time.
所以我们要学习的乐器 So the instruments that we are going to
就分成了两类 look at fall into two categories then,
原住民的和非原住民的 the indigenous and the non indigenous
你们可以在幻灯片上 and you see the list there on your power point
看到这两种种类 of both, categories.
首先是笛子 First of all we have flutes,
叫做 Canas which are known as Canas,
这是个便宜的版本 this is a cheap version,
这是5美元就能买到的Cana this is the 5 dollar version of a Cana
你们去Ozark帝国集市时 that you can buy when you go to
就能买到 the Ozark empire fair,
还可以在那里看到来自Andes的表演者 and see the performers there from the Andes.
这是一个一直到这个集市来的安第斯合唱团 There is an Andean ensemble that has come to the fair
他们会卖给你一个笛子 for some years and they will sell you a flute
他们也会演奏 你们可以在 and they also play and actually you will also find
幻灯片上找到他们的图片 a picture of them on the power point
你们可以在iTunes上找到他们的表演 and you will see a performance of them
如果你们去iTunes网站的话 on itunes if you go to the itunes site
可以看看一些示例 to take a look at those examples,
我希望你们会去做 so I hope you will do that.
所以我们要看看这些 So we are going to see those.
我们要看看Occorinos We are going to see Occorinos
由黏土制成的乐器 which are instruments that are made of clay
我下次会带来另一个乐器 and there is one that I will be bringing next time
但是你们能在这幻灯片上 but you will see a picture of one right here
看到一张图片 on the first page of the power point.
有多少人有Occorino How many people have an Occorino?
有几个人有 Ok yeah, several people do.
它们可以是由黏土或者其他材料制成 Typically they are made of clay they can be made of other materials as well.
但它们有很多洞 But they have a number of holes
你把洞捂住 就能 that you cover in order to
让声音变得不一样 create the change of the sound,
所以occorinos算原住民乐器 so occoriano are an indigenous instrument.
同样Concshells也是 As are Concshells,
这个样本很好 and this is an excellent specimen
这个在我家里已经历经好几代了 that has been in my family for several generations.
我最近才得到它 And I recently acquired it.
我把末端切掉弄成一个concshell小号 And cut off the end to create a concshell trumpet .
我想让你们听听看声音 So I want you to hear at he sound of this,
它可以奏D调 或者很接近D调 it plays a D, or pretty close to a D,
声音很辉煌壮丽 我希望你们喜欢 And um its sort of a glorious sound, I hope you enjoy it!
吹号 (Blows horn)
这个声音有点让人受不了是吧 its kind of overwhelming isn't it?!
有人听到这声音的时候想到蝇王里的情节吗 Anybody think of Lord of the Flies when they heard that?
能把这个和蝇王联系起来 Yeah that is sort of an unfortunate sort
的确是不太幸运的一种联系 of a connection that, that, that invariably somebody
在玻利维亚 makes that connection, but um in Bolivia,
这些被叫做Patutu these are actually called Patutu, Patatu
它们被用于各种正式场合 and they are used for ceremonial kinds
让大家聚集在一起 of occasions, getting people to gather,
让大家聚集在一起 各种庆祝活动 getting people together, celebrations of various sorts,
发表声明之类的 making announcements.
Concshell小号算是拉丁美洲的 Concshell trumpet is an indigenous instrument
原住民乐器 in Latin America.
是的它只能演奏一个音 Yes it only plays one note.
排箫是我们接下来 The panpipes are the next one
要看的一个乐器 that we are going to look at
我们今天会看到一些演奏片段 and we are going to see some pieces today,
我这里有几个示例 I have a couple of examples here,
你们可以看见这个弧度的变化 you can see the curved variety
这里还有个直线的版本 and then there is also the straight variety here.
这些只是卖给旅客的版本 And these are just sort of touristy versions of them.
它们有各种尺寸 They come in all sizes,
有些排箫是很大的 there are some very large panpipes,
西班牙语里叫做Zamponia Zamponia is the name in Spanish for this.
但是它又被吸纳到 But it has also sort of been adopted
Kichua语当中 这种语言很多在 by the Kichua language which a lot of the people
安第斯山的人都会说 in the Andes mountains speak,
所以Ziomponia会有 and so the Zimponias can be found
很多不同的样子 in a variety of formats,
有弧形的也有直线形的 the curved format and the straight.
它们听起来基本都一样 They sound generally the same,
你们从顶部把空气吹入 you blow over the top of them and:
吹奏笛子 (plays the flute) OR (plays flute)
我不是很会吹Zamponia And um I am not a very good Zamponia player
你们听的时候 so you will have to be ah generous
要宽容一点 但是你们可能听说 about listening to this, but um, the,the, you may have heard
它们没法演奏出音阶上的每个音符 that they don't actually play every note of the scale,
从西方音阶的角度来看 from a Western sense,
它们一直在跳过一些音阶 they sort of are skipping some notes from time to time.
我们会讨论为什么是这样 And we are going to will talk about why that is,
怎么做出补救 我们开始 and what the remedy for that is as we begin
讲关于Zamponia的文献时会提到 to talk about the literature for the Zamponia.
我们会学习很多 Various percussion instruments
打击乐器 包括这个 are also going to be studied, including this one.
这是一个动物的颚骨 Which is in this case literally the jawbone of an animal
带有咔嗒作响的牙齿 所以你们就敲击这个乐器 which has rattling teeth, and so you strike the instrument
我不会敲得很大力 and I am not going to strike it very hard
因为我不想把它弄断了 because I don't want to break this,
你们就会明白 but you can see the sound
从这个乐器中会发出什么声音 that you are going to get from this.
所以我们也要学这个 And so we are going to talk about this,
当然还有一个 and there is of course, a version of this instrument
在西方管弦乐和乐队中采用的版本 is used in bands and orchestras in the Western world
样子不是这样的 but it doesn't look authentic like this,
这是货真价实的颚骨 this is the real thing, this is the real jawbone.
绝对是算原住民乐器 So, That is definitely indigenous,
我们还有用动物的脚趾 we also have these rattles made
蹄子做成的拨浪鼓 out of toenails of animals, hoofs,
动物的蹄子的一部分制成了这个乐器 parts of the hoofs of animals has been, ah have created this instrument.
问题 (Question)
可能是秘鲁的驴子做的 Yes, yeah,Oh its probably a donkey, from Peru.
有个问题是这个会不会是人类的颚骨 The question has arisen could it be a human jawbone,
我无从得知 I have no knowledge of that,
我真的不知道 I really have no idea,
通常它会是驴或者小毛驴的颚骨 typically it is the jawbone of a donkey or a burro.
这个情况下可能就是这样 That is what is usually used is in this case.
外来乐器大多数是 The imported instruments are mostly string instruments
拉丁美洲现有的弦乐器 that are found in Latin America now,
包括吉他 小提琴 竖琴 including the guitar, the violin, and the harp.
这些在这个章节里都占据主要位置 All of which figure prominently in this chapter,
但是你们要明白 but you have to realise that
虽然拉丁美洲的人觉得这些是原住民乐器 while people in Latin America may believe that those instruments
实际上它们是外来的 are indigenous they are in fact imported.
都来自于西班牙 They all came from Spain.
所以我们先把这些事情说清楚了 So we will want to keep those things straight
最终我们要能够 and eventually be able to
把这些乐器的名字 associate the names of these instruments
和我们这单元听到的 with particular compositions
某些作品联系在一起 that we are listening to in this unit.
所以你们要知道这点 So be aware of that.
这里是幻灯片上的一张图片 Here is a picture on your power point
是一些玻利维亚山区的安第斯音乐家 of some Andes musicians in the mountains of Bolivia.
这些乐器 And these instruments,
这些音乐家正在演奏Kantu these musicians are performing Kantu,
玻利维亚的Kantu Bolivian Kantu,
是你们CD上的第一个示例音乐 which is one of the first examples on your CD.
我们一会儿会讲到 We will get to that in just a minute
但是我想要给你们看看这照片 but I wanted to show you that picture,
也是来自Ozark帝国集市的照片 also a picture from the Ozark empire fair,
是音乐家在演奏Canas还有Zamponia from musicians playing Kenas and also Zamponia,
所以我们这里学过的 so three of those instruments, several of those instruments that
三到四种乐器都出现在这些照片里 we have studied here have shown in these pictures,
有些来自各种来源 some of which came from various sources
但是我是从集市上拍的照片 but I took the picture here from the fair.
这些人就是卖给我便宜的Kenas的人 And those are the guys who sold me inexpensive Kenas. That is there on the piano right now.
我们来听听音乐 看看一个来自智利的 Ok, so lets get to the music and look at a style
叫做Nueva Cansion的风格 from Chile called Nueva Cansion.
它的字面含义是 新歌 Which literally translates as new song,
典型的Nueva Cansion and the Nueva Cansion typically
是关于政治格局变化 has been about political change,
或者进行政治格局变化的必要 or the need for political change
让民众受到更平等对待的需要 the need for people to be treated more fairly,
要摆脱这个没有平等对待人民的 and the need to perhaps get rid of a government
政府的需要 that is not treating these people fairly.
你们在示例音乐中听到的 The song that you see in your example
El a Parasido那本书里的 in the book El a Parasido,
是关于某个人的 is about a particular person
如果你们翻到你们课文的那个部分 and if you turn to that section of your text
你们会在那里看到一个翻译版本 you will see the actual translation there,
是在418页和419页 El a Parasido its on page 418 and 419. El a Parasido.
我们会听一听这首歌 We are going to listen to this song
然后我们再谈谈这些词的意思 and then we will talk about the meaning of the words.
这歌写的是谁 还有这歌的节奏韵律 Who its written about and also the rhythmic aspects
方面是怎么样的 of what's going on here.
所以让我们来听听 CD4的第八首歌 So lets listen to a bit of this its track 8, CD 4 in your set
音乐 (music)
让我们看看El a Parasido的文本 Lets look at the text, of El a Parasido,
他打通了去往山间的通道 "He opens the pathway through the mountains,
把他的印记留在了风里 leaves his mark on the wind.
老鹰带着他飞翔 沉默包围了他 The eagle gives him flight and silence envelops him,
他从未抱怨过寒冷 never has he complained of the cold,
从未抱怨过睡不饱 never has he complained of lack of sleep
这个可怜人觉察到了他的步伐 像盲人一样跟着他 the poor man senses his step and follows him like a blind man.
跑 跑 跑 跑过来这里 跑去那里 Run run run here over there,
跑 跑 corale corale corala run run, corale, corale, corala."
他们写的都是谁 他是谁 Who are they writing about, who is he?
他们说他 Who is who is he that they say,
打通了去往山里的路 的那个人是谁 "He opens a pathway through the mountains?" Who is that?
当然不是基督 他们写的是谁 no its not Jesus, who are they writing about?
他们写的是切格拉瓦 They are writing about Che Guevara.
切格拉瓦是谁 Who was Che Guevara?
我相信你们都见过他的照片 I am sure you have seen his picture
之前你们可能不知道 before you just don't know it.
他从哪里来 Where was Che Guevera from?
他不是原来就从古巴来的 He was not originally from Cuba
他的确协助发动了古巴革命 although he did assist in the Cuban revolution.
他本来是阿根廷人 He was originally from Argentina
切格拉瓦是帮助 and Che Guevara was one of the ah, one of the people
胡安 裴隆在1940年 who helped Juan Perone come to power back
掌权的人之一 in the 1940's,
如果你们看过Evita and if you have seen Evita for example,
音乐剧Evita the musical Evita,
切格拉瓦是里面很重要的一个角色 Che Guevara is an important character in that show
虽然他后来在这个剧里成为了 although he has sort of become a foil for Evita
Evita的一个陪衬 in that particular show.
他在阿根廷已经不受欢迎了之后 After he had sort of worn out his welcome in Argentina,
跑到了古巴去 he moved on to Cuba
帮助卡斯特罗在那里掌了权 and helped Castro come to power there,
然后他在拉丁美洲 从这个国家 and then he moved from country to country
跑到那个国家 in Latin America,
协助发动革命 直到终于 assisting with revolutions until ultimately
有人把他给杀了 somebody killed him.
因为革命的情况就是 Because the thing with revolutionaries
掌权的政府 is governments that are in power
不喜欢这些人呆在身边 don't really like having those guys around.
因为在他们帮助你掌了权之后 Especially after they help you get to power you know
他们就不再想要有革命发生 they don't really want a revolutionary around anymore
让他们又失去权力了 to maybe take power away from you
所以他们就会说 so they tend to say well you know
也许是时间让切格拉瓦去其他地方了 maybe it is time for Che to go somewhere else.
所以他就得从一个国家跑到另一个国家 So he tended to go from country to country
只要是有革命正好发生的国家都行 wherever revolution seemed to be happening.
那是会吸引他的东西 That was what he was attracted to
也是他借以成名的东西 and so that is what he was very famous for,
这首歌El a Parasido this song El a Parasido,
就是关于切格拉瓦的 is about Che Guevara.
跑 跑 跑 跑到这里 跑到那里 他们在追捕你 Run, run, run, run here, run there, they are after you,
你得快点跑 you have to run away.
这首歌的作者 And the writer of the song
还有这首歌的受众 and indeed the people for whom the song was written
都很同情切格拉瓦 were very sympathetic to Che Guevara,
所以这是一首唱着 快跑 so this is a song saying run,
因为我们不想让他们抓住你 because we don't want them to catch you,
我们想要让你继续成功 we want you to succeed and continue to do
做你所做的事 what you do.
现在 是谁写的这首歌 你们读了课文了吗 Now, who wrote the song, have you read the text yet?
他的名字是Victor Hara His name was Victor Jara, J A R A
他是这首歌的作者 was the writer of this song
Victor Hara又写了很多其他的歌 and Victor Jara wrote a number of other songs
在1960和70年代的智利 in Chile during the 1960's and 70's
革命正在那个国家如火如荼着 when revolutions were happening in that country
他很受欢迎 他的音乐广为人知 he was so popular, his music was so well known
几乎都成为了革命的一个声音 that he became almost a voice of the revolution itself.
这首歌写于1967年 在1973年 And so this song was written in 1967, in 1973,
Victor Hara被杀 那时候很多人 Victor Hara was killed when a large number of people
要么被杀要么失踪了 were either killed or disappeared
就是因为换了政权 when the government changed,
政府换了 there was a change of government
新政府想要 and ah the new government wanted to
摆脱掉异见者的声音 get rid of some of the voices of dissent
Victor Hara是第一批死的人之一 and Victor Jara was one of the first people to die,
他们所做的第一件事就是打断他的手 and one of the things they did before they killed him was to break his hands,
因为他作为一个音乐家 because he had done so much damage to them
用吉他给他们带来了那么多损害 as a musician with his guitar
还有他写的歌和 唱的歌也是 and his singing and his song writing.
他们真的想要在他死之前折磨他一番 That they really wanted to hurt this fellow before he died.
你们在这个例子里就可以看到音乐的力量 And you see in this case I think the power of music
还有这种音乐的力量有多大 and how strong the power of music is,
政府是感受到了多大的威胁 and how threatened the government feels
才要消灭这个音乐家 in order to take a musician
让这种声音噤声 and to do that in order to silence it.
这很吓人 但是它的确展示了 It's a scary thing, but it really illustrates
音乐的力量 the power of what the music can do.
现在回到歌曲本身 Now back to the song itself.
这首歌里有一个很有意思的 There is something going on rhythmically in this song
节奏性的东西 that is of great interest,
和我们早先在非洲音乐里看到的有关系 having to do what we studied earlier in African music,
就是三对二 三对二 and that is the 3 against 2 feel. 3 against 2.
你们记得我们弄鼓的时候 You remember when we set up drums
我们从这边到那边做了一个三对二的东西 and we did 3 against 2 from this side to that side
这门课早些时候做的 earlier in the course?
是我们在学Agabeor和 And that was when we were studying Agabekor,
非洲音乐的时候 and African music.
同样的三对二 Well the same kind of 3 against 2
在这里也找得到 is happening here,
但是稍微有点不同 but in a slightly different way,
有一个特殊的词叫做Sesquialtera Its in a way that gets, that has a special term called Sesquialtera.
这是我想要你们知道的一个词 And it's a term I want you to know,
是和三对二有关 having to do with the 3 against 2 feel
所以比如如果你有一个节拍 so for example if you have a measure of music,
被分成六个部分 that is divided into 6 parts
如果我们有 一 二 三 四 五 六 so if we have one two three four five six, ok if we have 6
六个部分 我要这么分 parts here, I am going to divide that up,
我们有两种放重拍的方式 and we have two ways of creating accent here.
我们可以弄一种重拍是 1 2 3 4 5 6 We could create an accent that goes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
这样我们就唱 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 So that we are singing 1,2,3,4,5,6, 1,2,3,4,5,6,
我们可以那么做 we can do it that way
或者我们可以把同样的六个节拍拿来 or we can take those same 6 beats
然后把重拍放到这个地方 1 2 3 4 5 6 and shift the accents to this spot, 1,2,3,4,5,6,
1 2 3 4 5 6 或者我们可以两个都做 1,2,3,4,5,6, like that or we could do them both
同时做 然后我们就创造出了 at the same time, and if we dot hem both at the same time then we create that rhythmic
二对三的节奏 two against three pull
因为我们把音拍分成了三个部分 because here we have divided the measure into three parts
但是在另一个格式里我们分成了两个部分 but in the other format we divided it into two parts,
如果我们这么做 我们就有了三对二 and if we do that, then we get 3 against 2.
让我们回味一下旧时光再做一次 Let's try it again for old time's sake
房间这边的人这么打节拍 let's clap on this side of the room, 123456. 123456
这边的人这么打节拍 and on this side we are going to go, 123456,123456,123456,123456,123456
加快速度 打节拍 Speed it up! (Clapping)
诸如此类 然后开始和Akabekor相似了 And so on. And it begins to resemble Akabekor,
你们记得我们做Akabekor时 remember the two against three drumming
我们做的二对三的打鼓 that we did with Akabekor,
它开始在那一点上相似了 it begins to resemble that at that point.
如果你回去 听听看这个节奏 Now if you go back and listen again to the rhythm
在Charaganga这部分 of what's going on in the Charanga parts,
就是El a Parasido的吉他部分 the guitar parts of El a Parasido,
你们可以听见三对二的张力 you hear that three against two pull going on
因为这六个音符被用 because the 6 notes are being divided
不同的方式分割开来 in those different ways.
所以我们再听听开始部分的音乐 So listen again to the beginning of that
然后看看你们是否能听见这个现象 and see if you hear that happening.
歌唱 你们听见了吗 (Singing) ok so did you hear that?
那就是三对二的Sequialtera That is three against two Sequialtera.
这就是音乐里发生的事情 That is what is going on there.
所以要注意这个词 So be aware of that term
还有它的含义 以及它其实在很多层面上 and what it means and the fact that in many ways
本质上都是非洲的元素 it is essentially an African element
被带进到这个音乐里 that has been brought into this music.
我们在哪里见过这个 Where have we seen this before?
非洲 我们离开Sequialtera这个话题前 Africa. Before we leave that topic of Sequialtera
如果你们熟悉西区故事这个音乐剧的话 if you are familiar with the musical West side story,
是Leonard Lersstine写的 你们可能就知道 by Leonard Lernstine you probably know the song
美国这首歌是来自那部剧的 America that comes from that show.
那首歌也有这样的现象 And that show, that particular song does the same thing,
让我们简单看看那首歌 let's take a look at that just briefly,
这是一个美国主流作曲家的示例 an example of a mainstream American composer
把拉丁美洲的Sequialtera拿来 taking the Latin American Sesquialtera
放到歌里面 and bringing it into the song to try to
想要让它带点拉丁美洲的味道 give a Latin American flavour to this particular song.
这首歌当然是很出名的了 And it was of course quite famous
很多年来都是热门歌曲 having been a major hit for many years,
西区故事 West side story.
下一个我想给你们看的东西 The next segment that I would like you to watch
是我在Ozark帝国集市上拍的 is some footage I took at the Ozark empire fair
在2007年的夏天 in the summer of 2007
一群来自玻利维亚的表演者在那里 a couple of performers originally from Bolivia were there
因为这个集市喜欢引进 because the fair likes to bring in
一些多文化的东西 some multicultural kinds of things.
他们在用吉他演奏玻利维亚的音乐 And they were performing Bolivian music with guitar
Kena和Zamponia都用到了我们这堂课上 and both the Kena and the Zamponia pan pipes
学过的管乐器 that we studied in this class.
他们的名字是Louis Lema 这是吉他手 Their names are Louis Lema who is the guitarist
还有Antonio Aguilar 他演奏Kena and Antonio Aguilar who plays both the Kena
还有Zamponia and the Zamponia.
当他演奏Zamponia的时候 When he plays the Zamponia
我要你们特别注意 I want you to pay particular attention to
他乐器的设计 the design of his instrument.
因为我们课上学过那个乐器 Because when we studied that instrument in class
我们听玻利维亚Kantu音乐的时候 and when we listened to the Bolivian Kantu music
你们CD上的Cutera Monapac Cutera Monapac which is on your CD
你们记得它得倒过来 you remember that it had to be turned around
才能演奏不同的音符 in order to play different notes,
所以我们的看法是它被设计用来 and so the idea was that it was designed for
做团体的表演 communal kind of playing
一组人吹一边 where one group of people played the one side
另一组人吹这个乐器的另一边 and the other group played the other side of the instrument.
但是Antonia的乐器 In Antonio's instrument however
不同管乐器的高度被 the height of the different pipes is offset
从前到后约一英尺的长度给抵消了 by about an inch from front to back
所以他能够把这个乐器转过来 so that he is able to actually turn the instrument
能同时从两边演奏乐器 at an angle and play both sides of the pipes
而不同担心需要 without having to worry about
把乐器翻过来 turning the instrument around.
所以这个情况下 这样的设计 So in this case the design has been designed
是给单个演奏者 而不是我们 for a single player instead of the ones
看到的 要给一群演奏者 that we saw that was for a group of players
作为一个团体活动演奏的 to be playing as a group activity.
希望你们会喜欢这个 Hope you enjoy this performance
Louis Lema和Antonio Aguilar带来的表演 by Louis Lema and Antonio Aguilar.