Prescott:欢迎来到"世界音乐" Prescott: Welcome back to Introduction to
第239次讲课 今天我们将完成 World Music: Music 239. We are going to
关于非裔美国音乐的讨论 finish our discussion today of African-American
会讲述更多的布鲁斯音乐 music by talking more about the blues.
在你们的书中和CD里 有一些很好的 And you have some excellent examples in
例子 但我还是想 your text and your listening CDs, but I
播放布鲁斯著名发行专辑中 wanted to play a couple of very famous
的一些歌曲 commercially released versions of the blues
在最开始的时候 然后简单地 at the very beginning today and talk
谈谈这些曲子 very briefly about them.
首先 是马迪.沃特斯 他的 First of them, first of them by Muddy Waters,
Hootchy Kootchy Man Hootchy Kootchy Man.
音乐 Music
这首歌曲是什么形式呢? Prescott: So what format is this song in?
我们所学的两种形式之一 安迪 Of the two that we learned. Yes, Andy.
学生:12小节? Student: 12 bar?
不 它不是标准的12小节 Prescott: No, it's not the standard 12 bar.
学生:它是四行副歌 Student: It's quatrain refrain.
是的 对的 Prescott: It's the other one, right.
这是四行副歌 This is in quatrain refrain format.
它比四行诗节还多 Only it's a lot more than just a quatrain.
就像我们听到的查克.贝里 Like we heard with Chuck Barry
在之前课上听到的 when we listened to it in one of our previous
他的歌曲中有更多的诗节 sessions, there are a lot more verses there
不止四个 因为他有很多信息 to the quatrain then just four because he's
想要表达 在他进入 got a lot of information to get across before
齐声 合唱之前 现在有个问题 he gets into the chorus. Now a question
出现了 就是 为什么这个也被叫做 has come up as to why this is also referred to
停止时间呢?四行副歌 停止时间 as stop-time; quatrain refrain stop-time.
你们知道乐器是怎样打的吗? Did you hear what the instruments did?
乐器完全停止了 然后是说唱 They completely stopped while the voice
接着乐器所弹奏的音乐又回来了 spoke the verse. And then they come back
有短暂重复的音节作为伴奏??? 又接着 in with that little repeated figure and it
停了 当我们听到下一节的时候 stops again when we hear the next verse.
让我们再来听听那首歌的开头 Listen again to the beginning of that song.
音乐 Music
你知道了这首歌是如何 Prescott: Ok? So you see how the music
在这里完全停止的?这就是为什么它被 completely stops there? That's why it's
称为"停止时间" 四行副歌是 called stop-time. Quatrain refrain refers to
实际形式 事实上是 我们有所有的 the actual form, the fact that we have all of
诗节 通常来说 these verses and usually, originally,
在布鲁斯的原始形式里有四个诗节 there were four in the original blues format.
在后来的布鲁斯版本中 就像这首 In later versions of the blues like this one,
有了更多的节 因为有了更多的 we have a lot more because there's
信息 对吧? a lot more information going on. Ok?
一个经典的例子就是 在布鲁斯的商业 So a classic example, there of commercially
发行专辑里 这是另外一首 released blues, here's another one.
音乐 Music
他是比比金的《激情逝去》 Prescott: Mr. B. B. King, The Thrill is Gone.
这是什么形式呢? What format are we dealing with there?
学生:是12小节 Student: 12 bar.
没错 是标准的12小节 Prescott: That's 12 bar, standard
三行???对吗?激情逝去 three line text. Right? "The thrill is gone,
激情已走远 激情逝去 the thrill is gone away. Thrill is gone,
激情已走远 你误会了我 宝贝 thrill is gone away. You done me wrong babe
有一天 你会后悔的 and you're going to be sorry someday."
对吧?这是很经典的一句布鲁斯台词 Ok? A classic blues line.
在这两个例子中 我们看到的是十分成功的 So in both of these cases we're dealing
布鲁斯商业发行专辑版本 with very commercially successful versions
但并不是所有布鲁斯歌曲都取得 of the blues. But not all blues performers
商业上的成功 课本中有讲到 are commercially successful. And your
比尔.卢卡斯生命中的 text goes into some detail on the life
一些细节 我们在上个单元中 of Lazy Bill Lucas and you, we learned about
学习了他的音乐 这次是想听听 his music in our last unit. What I want to do
其他布鲁斯艺术家的音乐 this time is to move on to look at some of
这些艺术家都在你们的课本中被 the other blues artists who are featured
着重提到 想想幻灯片里 in your text. Think back to the diagram of
那张布鲁斯形式的图表 the blues form that's on the Powerpoint
看看你是否能够能做出比较 在 and see if you can make comparisons to
12小节布鲁斯 三行形式 either the 12 bar blues, three line format
四行副歌中做出比较 当我们在听不同 or the quatrain refrain format as we hear
歌曲时 这些歌曲是等下要听到的 the different pieces of music that we're
也与今天这一章的后半部分 going to hear associated with the
联系起来的 later part of this chapter.
当你做区分的时候 也比较一下 Also, as you do that, compare the various
非裔美国音乐的诸多 kinds of characteristics of African-American
特征 这些我们第一单元都讲过 music that we discussed in the first unit,
那时在第一学期的时候 that we discussed during the first session
就讲过了 都有哪些? on African-American music. What were
有人记得吗? some of those? Anybody remember them?
学生:布鲁斯音调 Student: Blue notes.
布鲁斯音调 Prescott: Blue notes.
学生:布鲁斯音阶 Student: Blues scale.
布鲁斯音阶 Prescott: Blues scale.
学生:切分音 Student: Syncopation.
切分音 Prescott: Syncopation.
学生:动律 Student: Motor rhythm.
动律 Prescott: Motor rhythm.
学生:摇摆乐 Student: Swing.
摇摆乐 Prescott: Swing.
学生:即兴创作 Student: Improv.
即兴创作 那么有没有 Prescott: Improvisation. And was the call
对唱呢?有列出来吗? and response in there? Is that not listed?
学生:只有6个 Student: There's just 6.
好吧 只有6个 对唱在 Prescott: Ok, there's just 6, ok. Call
那 我大概没有将对唱 and response is there. I probably didn't
放在幻灯片上 因为 list it on the Powerpoint because
它是如此普遍的形式 it was such an obvious kind of thing.
但是你应该加上去 对唱 But you can add that one in. Call and
也存在于这种风格 曲风中 response does exist in this style as well.
书本让你有机会学习如何去 Your text has the opportunity for you to
制作一个单弦土制 learn how to create a one string diddley
乐器 关于这个 这里有些 bow and there's quite a bit of information
信息 包括课文中的一张图表 on this including a diagram in the text
讲的关于如何制作 这里有一首 on how to build this. And then they
音乐 是一个叫做"单弦山姆"的 have a recording for you of a performer
演奏者 他在diddley bow上 named One String Sam, playing and
自己弹唱布鲁斯 singing the blues on the diddley bow.
好吧 你们可以在课文中找到他的 Ok? And you find a transcription of his
抄本 当你听一小段的 music in the text as well. And as you
"单弦山姆"时 看看我们是否能把 listen to a bit of One String Sam see if
非裔美国音乐的特征和之前所讨论的 we can apply the characteristics and questions
问题都应用到这首歌曲上 that we have discussed previous to this music.
音乐 Music
他从单弦中可以创造出很多声音 Prescott: He gets a lot of sound out of
不是吗?课本中有描述 one string, doesn't he? Yeah. Your book
单弦diddley bow describes the rhythm that's going on there
发出的节奏 在这个演出中 in the one string diddley bow in
有人知道这是什么吗? this performance. Anybody determine
你们书中对此是怎么说的? what it is? What's your book say about that?
学生:听不清楚 Student: [inaudible]
没错 它是节奏的 Prescott: Yes, it's exactly. It's playing a
三连音 它是 triplet kind of rhythm. And what it is,
摇摆八分音符 之前的 is the swing 8th that we had in one of
幻灯片展示中 我给你们展示过 the Powerpoint presentations where I
那些八分音符在实际谱曲写作中 showed you the difference between the
和表演版本中的不同 actual written and performed version of
我们在这听到的就是 those 8th notes. And that's what we're
摇摆八分音符 在那个伴奏中 hearing there is the swing 8ths in that
好的 accompaniment. Good.
那么这首歌采用的是什么 And then, what format is this song in
哪种形式呢?有人注意到了吗? of the two? Did anybody notice?
学生:四行 Student: Quatrain.
四行副歌 对吗? Prescott: It's in quatrain refrain, isn't it?
是的 如果你看下他所唱文本的话 Yeah, if you look at the text that he's
你就会发现 singing, ok, and you'll find that in your text
相同的部分 "你知道我早上与母亲 in the same section. "You know I talked
谈过 母亲和一位法官交谈 with mother this morning. Mother talked
我能听到她的窃窃私语 with a judge. I could hear her eavesdropping,
你知道 我懂得他们的话语 you know, I understood their words.
她说我需要100美元 你知道这 She said "I need 100 dollars. You know
100美元可以去掉我孩子的债务??? I need 100 dollars just to go my baby's bond."
试图让某人离开监狱??? Trying to get somebody out of jail.
在第一部分 我们有四行诗节 So we have the quatrain there in the first part.
"你知道我早上与母亲谈过" "You know I talked with mother this morning."
然后到了合唱齐声部分时 副歌是 And then when you get to the chorus, the refrain
"我需要100美元"就是歌曲的歌名 "I need 100 dollars." The title of the song,
这很典型 副歌或是合唱齐声部分 作为 very typical for the refrain or the chorus to be
歌名 在这个例子中也没有例外 the title and that is no exception in this case.
现在你会怎样形容由 Now how would you describe the music
diddley bow演奏出的音乐呢? that is being played by the diddley bow?
给我一些关于你们所听到的音乐的 Give me some descriptive definitions of
形容性描述吧 what you're hearing there.
学生:有很多滑音 Student: A lot of slide.
有很多滑音 对 Prescott: A lot of slides, ok. Yeah,
因为当你使用单弦时 because when you're just dealing with
你必须前后滑动 one string, you obviously have to slide
来获得不同的音高 是的 back and forth to get different pitches, right.
因此有很多滑音 好的 So there's a lot of sliding going on. Good.
还有其他的吗? What else?
学生:布鲁斯音调 Student: Blue notes.
布鲁斯音调 好 我们有 Prescott: Blue notes. Ok. So we get the certainly
降7 降3 the flat 7, the flat 3 going on in there,
从diddley bow中发出 还有其他的吗? in the diddley bow. Ok, good. What else?
学生:有单声部旋律 Student: Some monophonic harmony
因为它是单弦的 because there's only one string.
好的 Prescott: Ok.
学生:它不可以创造出很多 Student: So it can't create a lot of...
所以 你会将它形容为 Prescott: Ok, so you could describe it
单音演奏 as a monophonic accompaniment.
有道理 还有其他吗? That's pretty accurate. Yeah. What else?
学生:他拍打时很用力 Student: He's slapping it pretty hard.
他拍打得十分用力 用来在这 Prescott: Yeah, he's slapping it pretty hard to
体现变化 书上有一处 make the changes there. And there's quite
十分详细地描述了 a lengthy description of the technique of
单弦diddley bow的演奏技巧 playing the one string diddley bow in your text
很有意思 还有关于这个演奏的其他 that's quite interesting to read. Other thoughts
想法吗?它是否循环反复? about the performance? Ok. Is it repetitive?
当然 它有 有三个音符 You bet. It has, it has those three notes that
重复出现 keep getting repeated over and over again.
三个音符 对吗? 我们用钢琴弹弹 Three notes. Right? We start with
钢琴 [piano],
从右边的音符开始 从这个开始 let's start on the right note, we start with this one.
当然这个钢琴演奏只能是近似于 Of course the piano is just an approximation of
刚才的那个版本 因为我没办法 what's being played there because I can't
弹出滑音 也没法弹出他所弹出的 do the slides and can't do the blue notes
布鲁斯音调 但是这个旋律模式 that he's playing. But there is a name
有个名字 在伴奏中使重复的 for a melodic pattern like that in an
部分依然一直循环着 accompaniment that keeps repeating
有人在自己的课本中看到 over and over. Has anybody run into it
那个吗? in your text?
学生:固定音型 Student: Ostinato.
固定音型是个很好的词 Prescott: Ostinato is an excellent term.
但不是他们在这使用的 It's not the one that they use for this,
在这个特征里 固定音型 我想 for this particular feature. Ostinato is ,I think,
对于这里所弹奏的来说 有点过了 too fancy a term for what's going on here.
这还有一个词 总是用在 There's another term that is used consistently
流行音乐和布鲁斯中 with pop music and with blues.
有人读到过吗?是什么? Anybody run into that? What is it?
学生:Chung-ka-chung??? Student: Chung-ka-chung.
不 Chung-ka-chung是 Prescott: No, that's just, chung-ka-chung
只是一种 is just the...
学生:这就是他如何描述的 Student: That's how he describes it.
作者所作的就是为了描述 Prescott: That's what the author is doing to
这些演奏出的音乐 describe the sound that's being produced there.
但不是它 想想其他的词 But that's not it. Looking for another word.
你们没有看到"riff"这个词吗? Did you run into the term "riff "at all?
学生:没有 Student: No.
"R-i-f-f. Riff"反复乐节 Prescott: R-i-f-f. Riff
学生:反复乐节 Student: Riffraff.
是的 "riffraff"和"riff" Prescott: Yeah. And there could be some
之间可能有一些联系 connection between the term riffraff and
因为通常表演这种 the term riff because generally the people
音乐形式的人不会 that performed this style of music were not
被那群手中握有权力 considered the highest standard of citizen
从而进行评判的人认为是 by people who were in the power to judge
最高标准的演奏者 所以二词也许有联系 that kind of thing. So, maybe there's a connection.
你们要查一下 You should check that out.
而"riff"却在这种音乐形式中 The riff however is extremely important
十分重要 因为它是重复的韵律 in this style because it is a repeated melodic
然后用来伴奏 而且在很多例子中 figure that is used to accompany and in
它被用来填补乐间空白 many cases it's used to create the fill that
当没有歌词的时候 happens when the text is not being sung.
现在回到马迪.沃特斯的那首歌 Now go back to Muddy Waters, "Hootchy
想想它是怎么唱的 Kootchy Man" and think of what was
它是怎么开始的?谁来唱一下 played there. How did it start? Somebody sing it.
学生 唱歌当中 Student: **singing
唱歌当中 Prescott: **singing** Yeah. **singing
这就是反复乐节 一直重复着 That's a riff. Get's repeated over and over
来断开歌词 文本 直到乐器再次弹奏音乐 again to set off the text as an instrumental fill.
因此 我们将听到一些重复音乐段 So, we're going to start hearing quite a few riffs
都在接下来要听的歌曲中 in the music that we're going to listen to today and
希望你们体会到这个词的意思 I want you to be aware of what that term means
以及它是什么 好 下一首在 and what it's all about. Ok? Good.
光盘里 《 Kokomo Blues 》 The next one that is in your CDs, Kokomo Blues,
来自弗瑞德.迈克道威尔 课本中 Fred McDowell. You'll find a transcription of
也有歌词文本的抄写 我们来听 that text in your book as well. Let's
一点点 listen to a little of it.
音乐 Music
这是什么形式? Prescott: What format do we have here?
不 又是四行副歌 四行是在 No. Quatrain refrain again. Yep, the quatrain is
最开头 "Kokomo right at the beginning. "Well Kokomo,
我的宝贝 Kokomo 我爸爸 明天 me baby, Kokomo your daddy, he'll be back
会回来"这就是四行诗节 tomorrow night." That's the quatrain.
然后是副歌 "哭泣 宝贝 你 Then the refrain "Cryin' I. Baby, you
你不想走 去那十一亮城???" don't wanna go. Down to that eleven light city.
亲爱的Kokomo"这是副歌 对吧? Sweet ol' Kokomo." That's the refrain. Ok?
因此 又是四行副歌的形式 So yeah, quatrain refrain format again here.
那么这首歌讲述什么内容恩?大致上是 And what is this text about? Generally speaking?
他要离开小镇 He's leaving town...
学生:有点难 因为 Student: It's kind of hard because...
周六晚上回来 Prescott: ...be back Saturday night...
学生:Kokomo的词性不确定 它用作动词 Student: Kokomo isn't exactly, it's used as a verb
因此它可以是任何之事 我觉得 so it could be anything I guess.
是的 它可以 不是吗?它可以 Prescott: Yeah, it could, couldn't it? It could,
不是吗?如果你读了这些歌词的话 couldn't it? Yeah, if you read through
基本上 内容就是 the lines, basically I think what is happening
他情人的丈夫或是男友即将 here is that his lover's husband or boyfriend is
回家 因此他和她要尽量在他离开小镇之前 coming home and so they're going to have fun
尽可能地玩乐 while they can before he leaves town.
是那种话题 有点 It's that kind of topic that it's this sort of
隐含的感觉??? hidden code, kind of thing.
当你研究它的时候 你觉得布鲁斯音乐 When you get down to it, what are the topics
唱的都是一些什么内容呢? that are sung about in blues music?
学生:有关女人的问题 Student: Problems with women.
对 或者也有关于男人 因为 Prescott: Ah, yeah. Or with men. Because
目前为止 我们只从男人角度来看 so far we've just seen it from the male perspective
因为我们只听了男歌手 但事实上 because we've only seen male singers but
有很多很出名的布鲁斯女艺术家 in fact there are a lot of famous female blues
她们受到他人极好的尊重 artists who are very, very well respected.
最初的布鲁斯艺术家之一 可以追溯到 One of the original blues artists from back in
十九世纪二十年代 贝西.斯密斯就享有极高 the 1920s, Bessie Smith was, is extremely well
声誉 且在布鲁斯历史上极具意义 thought of and historically in the blues, is
它也是整个运动的奠基人之一 one of the founders of the whole movement.
你们还可能遇到其他出名的 Other famous female blues artists that you
女布鲁斯艺术家 当然你的课本中提到 might run across; certainly your text mentions
艾瑞莎.弗兰克林以及她的 Aretha Franklin and the kind of soul blues
灵魂布鲁斯 都会 that she does. But there are many,
有很多很多杰出的男性和女性布鲁斯艺术家 many others from both sides.
可以说很多布鲁斯歌曲都是 So I think it's fair to say that a good number of
有关感情 blues songs are about relationships and
感情问题 因感情而引发的 relationship problems and mistreatment
一些虐待问题 having to do with relationships.
这三个主题就够你涵盖 You could pretty well cover a lot of
大部分的布鲁斯歌曲主题 还有其他吗? the blues with just those three. What else?
学生:金钱问题 Student: Money problems.
金钱问题 Prescott: Money problems.
学生:没有工作 Student: No job.
对 没有工作 金钱问题 Prescott: Yeah, no job. Money problems.
与工作有关的问题 对吧?我很努力 Work related problems. Ok? I'm working too hard,
却赚得不多 没有足够的收入 not making enough money and not enough coming in.
我们之前听的奥帝斯.罗布的歌 Right? The Otis Rush song that we saw the other day.
说的就是入不敷出的问题 Not enough coming in to match what's going out.
对吧?但是他的歌曲中又不全是这个主题 Right? And it doesn't only refer to money in his case.
它是个双关 有两个意思 因此以上所说话题 There's a double meaning there. So those topics are
都是我们经常在布鲁斯歌曲中听到的 the ones that we're pretty much dealing with.
但布鲁斯歌曲还可以通过其他途径 原因 But the blues can be acquired through other
来获取 之前的课堂中 reasons as well. And in our previous session
佩恩教授唱歌 让你们找一找布鲁斯感觉 Dr. Payne sang to you about having the blues
因为你们要写15页的论文 because you've got to write a 15 page paper.
这当然也很好???当你开始 Ok? That could certainly do it as well. So as
考虑作业时 you start thinking about the assignment
而这些作业就是你必须写一些布鲁斯歌词 where you've got to write some blues lyrics,
要在脑中记住这些东西 keep these things in mind.
在弗莱德.麦克维尔的专辑 有个很有意思的 His, in the Fred McDowell version, there's
比较 就是这个乐间补充 an interesting comparison between the fills
以及其他音乐的音间补充 in this one and some of the other ones that
如果你看看比比.金 we've heard. If you look at B. B. King,
如果回过来看看之前听过的马迪.瓦特斯 if you look at the Muddy Waters piece
歌曲 你会发现那些音间补充部分 that we heard, the fills tend to be more
更有旋律 但在《Kokomo Blues》 melodically based. But in Kokomo Blues,
乐间的补充 即没有歌词的时候 the fills, the music that's happening when
更注重节奏 the text is not there tends to be more cord based.
与我们听到的其他歌手的歌曲相比来说的话 A slightly different texture than we've heard
在本质上有一点稍微的不同 让我们 with some of the other players. Listen to
再来多听一点 a little bit more of that.
音乐 Music
看 这就是乐间的补充部分 Prescott: Here's the fill.
音乐 Music
因此这首歌的伴奏部分 Prescott: So, the accompaniment structure of
比较注重节奏 而不那么以 this song tends to be more cord based
旋律为主 而且他将它变成了 wei than melody based. And he breaks it down
一个有旋律的反复伴奏 当歌手 to a melodic riff accompaniment while
声音还继续的时候 没有歌手声音时 the vocals are going on. And then when
就有节奏 there's no vocal, he brings out the cords
因此在这首歌里 乐间补充就是基于 and makes it a very cord based fill in
节奏的 this particular song. Ok?
《从黑夜到天明》约翰尼.夏因斯 From Dark 'til Dawn, Johnny Shines is
是下一位我们要介绍的 来看看我们是否可以 the next one that we have. Let's see if
听出风格来 在这介绍约翰尼是因为 we can identify the style here. Johnny Shines
他可以让人联想到传奇人物 is here because there is a link through him
罗伯特.约翰逊 他是一位十分著名的 to the legendary Robert Johnson who was
布鲁斯歌手 在他被杀前 a very famous blues player who played
他只有两个录音片段 only two recording sessions before he was killed.
他是怎么死的?书上说了吗? And how did he die, did the book say?
学生:女朋友 Students: Girlfriend
是的 他的女朋友下毒害了他 Prescott: Ah, his girlfriend poisoned him.
所以布鲁斯中的感情问题 Yeah. So, sometimes the blues, the relationship
有时候反倒预告了未来即将 problems in the blues are just a foretelling of
发生的事 当然这些都是基于真实的 things to come. Certainly they are based on
感情经历 我认为这很重要 real live experiences. And I think that it's
当我们学习这些音乐 去看它的 important as we study this music to look
社会背景 以及看看我们所学的 at the social context and to see what
文化和社会背景如何在 the culture and society that we're studying
音乐中体现出来 因为他们所写之事 is being reflected in the music because the things
都是那些真实发生的事情 they're writing about are things that are
如同佩恩教授所说 actually happening. As Dr. Payne said,
他们写下来是为了让感受变得 they write about things to try to make
更好 因此 themselves feel better and so the
感情问题 金钱问题 relationship problems, the money problems,
工作问题 这些问题都是 the work problems, these are things that are
实实在在发生 这也就是为什么他们在歌曲中 actually happening and that's why they're
写到这些事的原因了 writing music about it.
因此约翰尼是过渡到罗伯特的一座桥梁 So Johnny Shines is a link to the legendary Robert
因为他与罗伯特一起演奏 Johnson because he played with him.
我们来看看是否可以找出 Let's see if we can identify
他音乐中的一些方面或特征 some aspects of his music.
当我还小的时候 这首歌我妈妈听过 this is a song that my mother has heard
并且唱过 and used to sing when I was just a little fellow
我总会站在田地里听她唱这首歌 I used to standing on the field and listen her singing this song
我觉得 这首歌很美妙 I thought this song is pretty
我从未忘记 and I didn't forget it
音乐 Music
什么形式? Prescott: Format?
学生:听不见 Student: [inaudible]
三行 12小节 对 Prescott: Three line, 12 bar blues. Right.
没有四行诗节在这里 在风格上 No quatrain in this one. Ok? Stylistically
你会将它同我们已听的歌曲中与 how would you compare it to the ones that
哪些对比呢?与什么风格 we've already heard? What's the style
相比呢? like comparatively?
学生:更柔和 Student: A lot softer.
对 是一种比较内在的曲风 Prescott: Yeah. A more introspective kind
更柔和 劳里 of style, a softer style. Laurie,
你刚说了什么? what were you going to say?
学生:似乎它包含的东西比较少 Student: It seems to be a lot less involved.
我们听的上一首曲子 Like the last piece that we listened to,
《Kokomo Blues》音调好像来自 Kokomo Blues, that one there's notes
四面八方???而这首歌曲却比较 flying in all the directions and this
平淡 有点这样子的感觉 one's a lot more tame, kind of.
对 这只有一个演奏者 Prescott: Yeah and it's just a single player too,
在原声吉他上弹奏 而不是 playing on an acoustic guitar rather than
电吉他 因此在音质上 on an electric. So there's a difference
会有不同 当我们听的时候 there in terms of the texture that
那么乐间补充的那部分呢?如果将 we're hearing. What about the fills?
这部分与Kokomo Blues做比较 Compare the fills to Kokomo Blues, for example.
学生:听不见 Student: [inaudible]
没错 在乐间补充部分 比较倾向于 Prescott: Exactly, yeah, yeah. Much more
音乐旋律 而不是节奏主导 melody based rather than cord-oriented
没错 关于歌声的一个有趣特征是 on the fills. Right. And the interesting
他的声音中 有很快的 quality of the voice, he has this very fast
颤音 他的声音里有一种很独特的 vibrato in his voice and a very, a unique
特质 quality I think to his singing. And that's
布鲁斯歌手能够与众不同的原因 what makes different blues artists stand
在于他们唱歌的方式 out from each other is the way they sing the song,
唱歌时的特征 用 the quality of it, whether they use a
刺耳的声音或是柔和的声音 这些所有的 raspy voice or a mellow voice, all of
因素结合起来 使得他们用独特的 those elements tie into making their
方式来诠释不一样的布鲁斯音乐 particular interpretation of blues unique.
这也是不同布鲁斯艺术家比其他人 And that's what makes different artists
突出的原因 stand out from others.
还有其他想法吗?好 Any other thoughts about this one? Ok.
那么这首歌属于什么类型呢? What categories does the text fall in to?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
对不起 我是说 Prescott: Oh, I'm sorry. But the text,
关于歌词的主题 它是属于我们刚讨论 the meaning of the text, what category does
的哪一种类别呢? it fall in to that we discussed before?
属于哪种话题类别?感情? What general category; relationships?
我觉得是 是关于感情的话题类别 I think so. Yeah. Falls into the relationship
你们会在书中找到歌词和文本 category. You'll find the text transcription
在你找到这张CD歌曲列表的 in your books, ok, in the same location
相同位置处 where you find the listing of this CD.
还有一些编码来说明 And as usual there's quite a bit of code
这些歌词所表达的意思 in here in terms what these lyrics mean.
还有一首歌 就是《你不爱我》 One more and that is "You Don't Love Me",
魔术山姆 这是歌词作者 Magic Sam. And this was a recording that
所录专辑 在1969年Ann Arbor was made by the author of the text at the Ann
布鲁斯音乐节 不久之后他便 Arbor Blues Festival in 1969 shortly
去世 他那时是一个有突破的 before the death of Magic Sam. He was an artist
艺术家 而且因为在音乐节上的 who had just basically broken through and
表演而变得有名 became quite famous as a result of his performance
他在欧洲表演不多 at this festival. Had performed quite a bit
那次演出四个月之后 in Europe and then 4 months after this performance,
因心脏病发作而逝世 享年32岁 he died of a heart attack at the age of 32.
这是个很可惜的情况 因为他 So, a very sad situation where he was
无法去实现自己的承诺 让我们来听一下 unable to fulfill his promise. Let's listen to
原声带 看看我们会怎样讨论它的 a bit of this particular track and see if
形式 we can talk about the format.
音乐 Music
听到什么 Prescott: What do we hear? What are we hearing?
来讲讲 Tell me about it?
学生:感情 Student: Relationships.
感情问题 没错 Prescott: Relationship problems. Ok. Sure.
是这个话题类别 Falls into that category in the text. Right.
那音乐呢? What about the music.
学生:节拍是上升的 Student: The tempo is more upbeat.
毫无疑问 更快 And it's definitely faster.
没错 你从节奏和音调上来 Prescott: Yeah. Yeah. You could almost
划分 描述它 categorize it as rhythm and blues.
还有吗?我的意思是 这并不是与我们 Couldn't you? I mean, this isn't a whole lot
听到的查克.贝里的摇滚乐 different then essentially the rock and roll
完全的不同 当然 因为表演是在 that we heard from Chuck Barry. And
1969年 of course the performance date is 1969
因此那个时候会有一些互相的 so there's a lot of cross-influence going on
影响 从摇滚乐的组成因素和 by that time in terms of what constitutes
布鲁斯的组成因素来说 还有两者之间的 rock and roll, what constitutes blues and
灰色交叉地带 a lot of gray area in between those two.
好的 还有吗?那么乐间补充部分呢? Good. What else? What are the fills like?
学生:听不见 Student: [inaudible]
好的 有个贝斯手 Prescott: Right. There's a bass player
和鼓手 如果你看了关于此次表演的相关 and there's a drummer. And if you read
说明的话 the description of this performance ,
鼓手本应是基本的 但他的鼓手没有来 the drummer was basically, his drummer
或是怎样 他们最后不得不 didn't arrive or something, they had to
请了另一支乐队的另一个鼓手 recruit another drummer from another band
在最后 所以 整件事看起来好像 at the last minute. So the whole thing
不顺利 但最后却成为 was kind of thrown together and it turned
音乐节上最 out to be one of the most electrifying
令人振奋的表演之一 performances of the whole festival.
我想 是因为自发性 Because, I think, probably the spontaneity
还有时间上的安排 of it just came together and everything clicked.
所以他是一个借过来的鼓手 So he's a borrowed drummer.
还有一个贝斯手 然后是山姆 There's a bass player. And then there's
来演奏吉他部分 你们觉得吉他部分的 Sam playing the guitar part. What are the fills
乐间补充这块怎样? like though on the guitar?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
充满旋律 是否重复呢? Prescott: Melodically. Does it repeat? Yeah?
旋律是否一直重复? Does that melody keep repeating?
那么应该是什么呢? So what should we call it?
学生:反复乐节 Student: Riff.
为什么不叫反复乐节呢?因为就是 Prescott: Why don't we call it a riff? Absolutely.
这就是我所期待的答案 Ok. That's what I'm looking for.
它是一个反复乐节 魔术山姆让这个反复乐节 This is a riff. Right? Magic Sam's got that
一直重复 当没有歌词的时候 riff that keeps going whenever the text is not
就这样让乐节一直这么进行下去 happening and so it's what drives
那么是什么形式呢? that song along. What format are we looking at;
四行副歌还是12小节? is it quatrain refrain or is it 12 bar blues?
学生:12小节 Student: 12 bar.
12小节布鲁斯 是的 这首歌的文本没有 Prescott: 12 bar blues. Right. And the text
出现在你们的课本中 is not written in your book on this one.
但你如果认真听 你会听到 But if you listen to it carefully you'll hear
它基本就是第一行一直重复 that it's basically just the repeated first line
还有就是12小节的第三行一直重复 and then the third line format of the 12 bar blues.
就是这样 让我们再来听听反复乐节 So, that's what we have. Listen again to
然后再说下一首歌 this riff as we move to another song.
音乐 Music
当你听到节奏和音调时 Prescott: Ok. So when you listen to the rhythm
在这个例子中 事实上它并没有 and blues in that example, it's really not
与50年代所听到的查克.贝里 a whole lot different from the rhythm and
完全的不同 blues of the late 50s that we heard with
我还有另外一个例子 Chuck Barry. And I have another example
歌曲的谱曲者叫拉里.威廉姆斯 I'd like to play. This is from a composer
他是新奥尔良本土的节奏和蓝调艺术家 named Larry Williams who was a New Orleans
钢琴家 based rhythm and blues artist, piano player.
他有几首不温不火的作品 但是当他的 He had a few minor hits but when he
歌曲火了之后 有另外一支乐队 really made it big was when another band
借用 抄袭他的一些曲风 chose to cover some of his music.
来看看你之前是否听过 See if you've heard this before.
音乐 Music
听听这些布鲁斯变化 Prescott: Listen for those blues changes.
回到1 5 4 1 Back to one. Five. Four. One.
会是谁?哪个乐团?有谁知道吗? Who is it? Who's the group? No one knows?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
猜猜 Prescott: Guess.
学生:是甲壳虫乐队吗? Student: Is it the Beatles?
没错 Prescott: It is the Beatles. Yeah. Yeah.
是甲壳虫乐队 他们在自己的舞台表演中 It is the Beatles. They covered a lot of
涉及到了很多早期的摇滚乐 early rock and roll stuff in their stage show.
他们一些早期的专辑是由百代 And some of their early albums that were
唱片公司发行 公司希望 released by Capitol, they were looking to
利用甲壳虫的狂热效应 basically capitalize on the whole Beatle
因此公司发行了许多 mania phenomenon and so they released
曲调 而这些都是他们在舞台上 a lot of the tunes that they had used
运用的 这是其中一首 in their stage act and this is one of them
叫《Slow Down》在美国 这首歌收入 entitled Slow Down. And in America
在一张叫做《Something New》 it was released on an LP called Something New.
密纹唱片 1964年后半年发布 为的是 It came out in 1964, late '64. In an attempt to get,
利用乐队的狂热效应 capitalize on the whole Beatle mania craze.
这个唱片很有趣 This particular recording is an interesting
因为它是对甲壳虫乐队64年来的 one because it's a re-release on CD of some
一些百代专辑歌曲的 of the Capitol Record releases of the Beatles
再次发布 如果你听了甲壳虫乐队 from '64. If you've listened to the CDs of
后来几年的一些唱片 the Beatles released in the last few years
你会发现 英国版的唱片和 you realize that they, the British releases
美国版的唱片有一些不同 were a little different then the American.
美国人认为他们的听众 And the Americans decided that their
需要更多的混响 比英国的录音师 audience needed more reverb then
所使用的还多 所以当他们发行专辑的时候 the British engineers were using, so
他们加入了更多的混响 when they released it they put more reverb
比英国版的专辑多 on it then the English recordings. And
你可以听出区别 if you listen to the comparison you
如果你认真听的话 can really hear that.
因此百代公司发行了甲壳虫乐队四张唱片 So Capitol released these CDs of the first
中的第一张 在美国 当我们 four Beatles albums that came out in America
第一次听的时候 to give us a taste of what it really sounded
知道那到底听起来怎样 我 like when we first heard it. And when
第一次听的时候是五岁 我听 I first heard it, when I was 5 years old and
现场演唱会 在苏利文秀 listened to the Beatles live on the Ed
幸好 我妈妈不知道 Sullivan Show, fortunately my mother
歌词说的是什么 did not know what these songs were about
当我反复听的时候 when I was listening to them over and over again.
当你认真听歌词的时候 But if you listen to the lyrics of this song
你会发现 基本上是关于感情问题 it's basically about relationship problems
"你要放慢速度 宝贝 你太酷了 and "you better slow down, baby, you're
你要给我一点爱 宝贝 moving too fast. You better give me
如果你希望我们的爱持久的话" a little loving if you want our love to last."
所以很庆幸 我的父母不知道 So, yeah, fortunately my parents
这些歌词是什么意思 didn't know what those lyrics meant
所以我可以继续听 其他就如甲壳虫专辑所唱 so I got to listen to them. And the rest
是历史了 不谈了 is history as they say.
如果你从最开始 就听出了 But if you listen to what's going on there
那么你就知道最开始是个吉他的 from the very beginning we've got a
反复乐节 在这有个12小节 guitar riff that's happening. We've got
连续或前进 我们有基调强节奏 a 12 bar blues progression and we've got
在下面 也是这个来创造出的 the backbeat rhythm underneath and that's
摇滚乐 这三个因素 what creates rock and roll. Those
吉他反复乐节 基调强节奏 three elements; guitar riff, backbeat rhythm,
布鲁斯连续或前进 你把这三个因素放一起 blues progression. You put those
你就有了五十年代的摇滚乐 three elements together and you have
这只是一个概括 late 50s rock and roll. Now that's a generalization,
对例子的过分简单化概括 an oversimplification of the case
但是它也让你知道布鲁斯是如何 but it certainly shows you where the
演进为摇滚乐 并创造了 blues moved into rock and roll to create
这一特殊潮流 that particular stream.
好 讨论分板块 布鲁斯对你个人有何帮助? Ok. Discussion points. Do the blues help
听布鲁斯让你感觉更好 you personally? Does listening to blues make
还是情绪更低落? you feel better when you're down?
有人这样觉得吗?我知道 Anybody here feel that way? I know
这儿有一些布鲁斯狂热爱好者 we have some blues aficionados here.
来说说吧 唐尼 Tell me about them, Tony.
学生:就好像看着 Student: Well it's kind of like watching
《斯普林格秀》 你会说 好吧 Jerry Springer, you can say at least
至少我的生活没那么遭 my life isn't this bad.
对 你看一些剧 剧中的人物 Prescott: Right. Right. Yeah, you watch
境况凄惨 shows about people that are having terrible
你会说 好 我的车坏了 situations and you say, well, my car
但至少没有我在《斯布林格秀》中 broke down but at least it's not as bad as
看到的人那么惨 the people I'm seeing on Jerry Springer.
对吧?布鲁斯有点像这样 Right? Yeah, ok. And blues is a little like that.
你听到很可怕的场景 You're hearing about really, really
这让你觉得你的人生 awful situations and maybe it makes you
并没有那么糟 feel like your life is not quite so bad.
还有吗?瑞恩 你呢? Other takes on that? Yes, Ryan?
学生:它让你觉得 让你知道 Student: It makes you like, it makes you
也有些人与你一样经历着这些 know that there are other people going
困难时期 through this hard time with you.
对 你并不是一个人 Prescott: Right, yeah. So you're not alone.
或许你会有艰难时期 但别人也在经历 You may be having hard times but other
这些困难 people are having difficulties as well.
有其他想法吗? Ok. Other thoughts?
学生:我比较奇怪 Student: I'm one of those weird people
就是当我听到别人的问题时 who get more depressed when I hear about
我会变得更忧郁 因为我为他们感到 other people's problems because then I feel
难过 也可这么说 really sorry for them. And so that said,
我不该听 I should not listen.
所以你会感同身受 Prescott: So you empathize too much.
学生:是的 Student: Yes.
所以你不该听布鲁斯 Prescott: So you should not listen to the blues.
对 Ok. Yeah.
会不会有些布鲁斯音乐好于其他音乐呢? Is some blues music better than others?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
当然 这是个人喜好问题 不是吗? Prescott: Sure, it's a personal preference, isn't it?
是不是比比金的音乐就会好于 Is the music of B. B. King better than
比尔.卢卡斯的音乐呢?某人让我想了这个 the music of Lazy Bill Lucas? Somebody
问题 谁更好? give me a thought on that. Who is better,
比比金还是比尔? B. B. King or Lazy Bill Lucas?
学生:我不觉得你可以在二者之间做 Student: I don't think you can really
比较 因为他们的风格是 take those two because the styles are
不一样的 so different.
对 不同的风格 比比金主要以吉他 Prescott: Yeah. Different style, right. B. B. King
为主 而比尔却是 is a guitar based person whereas Bill Lucas
钢琴 吉他 声音的结合 tended to be more the combination of the piano,
好 guitar and voice. Ok, yes.
学生:这取决于 Student: It all depends...
比比金似乎是个不需花费力气的表演者 Prescott: B. B. King is an effortless performer.
你们中有多少人听过比比金的现场 How many people here have seen
音乐会?你是什么时候? B. B. King live? When did you go?
学生:我在孟菲斯市 Student: I saw him in Memphis.
孟菲斯市 就我所知 Prescott: In Memphis. Ok, ok. He's been in
他过去三年里 去过斯普林菲尔德 Springfield a couple of times in the last
几次 我正好有机会 three years that I know of. And I got a chance
在一座教堂里见到他 在第一排 to see him down at the Shrine Mosque on
我们在前面坐下 而座位就是 the front row and they sat us, the seats
演讲者的正前方 were right in front of the speaker stacks.
所以我觉得演出结束后 我应该会 And so I thought I was going to go deaf after
变聋 因为演唱声音大得 it was over because they had it cranked up
填充了整个教堂 pretty high to fill the Shrine Mosque.
而我之前却不知道我的座位 And I did not know that that was
会在哪 where our seats were going to be.
但无论如何 这么近距离地看 Nevertheless, being that close to seeing
一个表演者 确实是一个受教育的 a performer like that was a real educational
经历 因为就好像那人和 experience because it was as if the man was
吉他一体的??? 我说的是 one with the guitar. I mean, it was as if he was,
当他演奏时 就好像 it was as if, when he played it was like you
是你在说话一样 were speaking, just like you were talking.
他的演唱却是如此轻松就脱口 就像你说的 It came out so easily for him. Like you say,
好似毫不费力之事 当他又唱又弹时 it's an effortless kind of thing. And when he
这真是一次神奇的体验 当你看到 sings and plays it is an amazing experience to
这样一个演奏者的现场版 如果你有机会 see a performer like that live. So if you get
去看看这些传奇表演者的演出的话 the chance to see one of these legendary
布鲁斯 我知道你们当中有人 performers some times, of blues, I know
对自己话题所涉及的 some of you get, are interested in doing your
项目十分感兴趣 而其他人则有机会 projects on this topic and others of you
去到孟菲斯市那样的地方 have opportunities to go to places like
去听传奇布鲁斯乐队的现场演唱 Memphis and see a live blues clubs and
以及去到那些传奇的地方 places that are legendary like that.
你们一定要抓住机会 You should take that opportunity.
至于那些市场销售的问题呢? What about the marketing thing?
它是否削减了布鲁斯音乐的成功呢? Does it diminish the blues to be successful?
因为你已经销售了数以亿计 Because you've sold billions of copies like
比比金唱片的拷贝或复制品 从而 Muddy Waters and B. B. King does that
削弱了布鲁斯音乐 在某种程度上 diminish the blues somehow?
学生:我听说过 Student: I've heard that for some people
有些人成名之后 会很高兴 when they become successful they're so
自己没有东西可写 happy they have nothing to write about.
是的 当他们成名之后 Prescott: Right. When they become successful
他们高兴得没有东西可写 they're too happy to have anything else to
因此他们不再写出任何的布鲁斯音乐 write about and so they can't write blues anymore.
这是个很好的点 还有其他想法吗? Ok. There's a good point. Other thoughts on that?
布鲁斯的音乐专辑能销售一空吗?你怎么想? Have they sold out? What do you think?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
好的 它使得人们对布鲁斯的兴趣再次 Prescott: Right, it has created a resurgence of
燃起 就像我们在课文中所看到的 interest in the blues and as we saw in our text,
有几个布鲁斯艺术家 之前已被忘却 several of the blues artists who had pretty
后来又能够复兴自己的歌唱事业 much been forgotten were able to resurrect
正是因为对布鲁斯音乐的兴趣再次 their careers because of the resurgence of
恢复 这也很很多成功销售的 interest in the blues. And a lot of that had
唱片有关 to do with the recordings that were successful.
对吗? Right?
好 现在轮到你们了 Ok, so now it's your turn. The homework
作业是谱写歌词 至少是形式为 assignment is to compose the lyrics for at least
12小节的两个诗节 two stanzas or strophes of a 12 bar blues.
我说的是12小节布鲁斯 但是 Now, I put 12 bar blues but if you would
如果你喜欢四行副歌 那也可以 like to use quatrain refrain format you're
你还需要做两个诗节 welcome to do that too. You still need to do
然后两个副歌 two verses however, and then two refrains.
所以 如果四行副歌更适合你的话 So, if quatrain refrain works better for you,
那就继续 why go right ahead and do that.
这是我所希望的 首先 What I'm looking for is ,first of all,
韵律 确实需要韵律 a rhyme scheme. It does need to rhyme.
如果你回头看看我们之前所涉及的各种 If you look back at the various lyrics that
歌词 你会发现 第一行和第二行 we've been dealing with, right, the first and
很明显 一直重复 second lines are obviously repeated.
因此你只需要写两行就够了 So you really only have to write two lines
因为你可以重复一次 because you're repeating one of them.
但需要有个韵律 在最后的 But there needs to be a rhyme scheme with
时候 而且还要够长 the end of that line. It also needs to be long
才能够填充你要 enough that it can actually fit into the
唱的那首歌 two measures of music that you have to sing.
所以你休想只用"我很悲伤" So you can't just get away with singing
来敷衍 好吗?因为它不够长 "I feel bad." Ok? Well that's not long enough
不能补充乐间空白 to fill up those two measures of music.
我们需要更多的信息 We need to have more information about that.
我们需要知道你为什么很悲伤 And we need to know why you feel bad.
我们需要更多的音节来补充 We need to have enough syllables to fill that up.
如果你回到书上的那些例子 And if you go back to any of the examples
或是幻灯片上的例子时 in your book or the example in the Powerpoint:
"我要把自己的头放在 "I'm going to lay down my head on
某条人迹罕至的铁路线"让我再说一次 some lonesome railroad line." Let me say that again
"我要把自己的头放在 "I'm going to lay down my head on some
某条人迹罕至的铁路线"这有足够的 lonesome railroad line." Ok, there's enough
音节来补充乐间空白 syllables to fill up two measures of music.
所以你要确定自己有足够的音节或是 So you need to make sure that you've got
歌词来填充空白 好吗? enough text to fill that out. Ok? What was
那是个什么话? the punch line to that one?
学生:听不清 Student: [inaudible]
让5:15抚平我的心绪??? Prescott: "And let that 5:15 pacify my mind."
所以可能歌词和心情并没有互相押韵 Ok. So maybe line and mind don't exactly rhyme
但是它们共同表达了一个意思 but as they say in the business,
这对于爵士乐来说就差不多了 it's close enough for jazz.