欢迎回到音乐239 Welcome back to music 239,
世界音乐入门 introduction to world music.
今天我们要研究的音乐 Today we are going to be studying music
是来自于我们本土 of your own back yard,
即欧扎克地区的传统音乐 traditional music of the Ozarks,
你们同样可以将简单 and you could also label this simplicity
和质朴作为欧扎克民歌的标签 and frugality in Ozark's folk music.
我们首先来看一首来自于英格兰的 We start with a song that came over from England
叫做"公羊之歌"的歌曲 called 'the ram song',
它很可能源自爱尔兰 probably originated in Ireland
因为它也时常被称为 because it's also known sometimes as
"德比公羊" 而德比是爱尔兰一地名 'the Derby Ram' and Derby is a location in Ireland.
这是一首典型的运用了夸张手法的歌曲 It's a typical exaggeration song that
这在很多英国和爱尔兰民歌中都很常见 is very typical of a lot of English and Irish folk songs
歌中公羊的许多特征被夸大 in which various features of the ram are exaggerated
因此它是食草为生的最大的公羊 and so it was the largest ram that ever fed on hay,
巨大的羊角直够到月亮 the horns were so big they reached to the moon,
屠羊人二月上去屠羊 butcher went up un February
直至六月才返回 and didn't come back till June,
等等一些被夸大的特征 those kinds of exaggerated features of the animal,
每种不同的歌词都有不同的着重夸大的地方 every verse has a different kind of feature exaggerated.
这个版本是见于许多 This is the version that is found
英国民歌中的 in most English folk songs
它6/8拍的复合节奏 and it's in 6/8 time which is a compound meter,
使得曲子相当复杂 fairly complicated
你们在ppt上可以看到 but the song goes something like this
这首歌是这样的 as you see it on your PowerPoint.
在德比的一日我去了德比 As I went up to Derby upon a Derby day
我买的那只公羊 I bought one of the finest rams sir
是它食草的同类中最好的 that ever was fed up on hay and it's aye,
me dingle Derby, to me dingle Derby day me dingle Derby, to me dingle Derby day,
我的那只公羊 it was one of the finest rams sir
是它食草的同类中最好的 that ever was fed up on hay.
现在我们来看看这些词 Now let's think about some of those words;
to me aye me dingle Derby to me aye, me dingle Derby.
这句是什么意思呢 What to those words mean?
"to me"和"aye"是不是有什么确切的意义呢 To me, and aye, doest that have any kind of meaning?
其实不然 它们不过是填充词罢了 Not really, it's just kind of a place holder.
也许可以被称为"发音词" Could it be called a vocable perhaps?
跟我们在上一个单元接触到的美国本土 Similar to the vocables we have seen
音乐中的发音词相近 in Native American music in the previous unit,
这些词也在歌词中充当填充词 there are words that serve as place holders
或发音词 or vocables in this music as well
即使它是欧洲的民歌 even though it's European folk music.
那么当这些民歌从欧洲来到欧扎克 Now what's going to happen
的时候会发生什么呢 when this song comes over to the Ozarks?
会发生什么呢 Ok, what's going to happen?
我们很快就会看到 Well we're going to see that in just a minute.
它有歌词和副歌结构 It's got a verse, chorus structure
也就是说当 which means the part
你歌唱山羊 where you are singing
具体的特征如 about the actual features of the ram,
长长的够到月亮的羊角 horns were so tall they reached to the moon,
等特征的时候 that kind of thing,
那些部分是属于歌词而 those are part of the verse and then
而aye me dingle Derby when you get to the aye me dingle Derby, ok,
就是副歌部分了 所以我们有歌词 that part was the chorus so we have a verse,
和叠句结构 chorus structure.
现在我们有这首民歌的三个版本 Now there are 3 versions of this song
在Max Hunter民歌集锦里可以找到 on the Max Hunter Folk song collection site
如果大家感兴趣的话 and if you want to go take a look at those some time
随时可以去访问 you're certainly welcome to do that.
大家可以在发给你们的ppt上 The collection is found at the website
找到歌曲集 that you see listed on your PowerPoint.
这节课的最后会给大家留作业 You are going to have an assignment for next time
需要大家利用这个网站 that is going to be asking you to access this site
所以大家应该尽快熟悉它 and you are going to get to become familiar with it.
那么这个网站是从何而来的呢 Where did this website come from?
一位名叫Max Hunter的冰箱销售员 Well a refrigerator and ice salesman
曾在二十世纪五十年代 named Max Hunter,
到七十年代间 from the 1950's to the 1970's
在北堪萨斯和南密苏里 traveled around the Ozarks in northern Arkansas
的欧扎克旅行 and southern Missouri
收集民歌 collecting folk songs
他共收集了1600多首 and he ended up with about 1600 of them
它们都被录音设备记录了下来 and they are all down in recorded form
收藏在格林郡公共图书馆 at the Green County public library.
大约在10年前大学开始将它们 About 10 years ago the University took on the project
转移至互联网 of moving those on to a website so that
以供来自世界各地的人资源共享 people could access them from all over the world
而这项工程也为研究欧扎克音乐 and it's turned out to be a wonderful research tool
的人提供了强大的研究工具 for people who are researching Ozark Folk music.
现在你们可以在网上找到 Now the 3 version of the Derby ram
三个版本的"德比公羊" that you will find on the Max Hunter site
它们各不相同 are all different
某些版本还有一些淫秽色彩 and a couple of them are a little bawdy.
BAWDY知道是什么意思吧 B A W D Y, what does that mean?
能猜猜吗 Bawdy? Any guesses?
就是有一点下流的意思 Being a little lewd.
对 歌词里可能会涉及 Ah, yes, it has maybe language
或者影射不良内容 and reference in it
很多人可能会据此反对它们 that could be considered objectionable by some
所以我要提前声明一下 so that's my disclaimer.
如果你们在这个网站上搜索公羊之歌 If you go check this site for the Ram song
或"德比公羊" or the Derby Ram
那么其中的有些版本 some of them you will find
很可能会相当淫秽 are slightly off color versions of these songs
实际上Max Hunter讲过一个 and in fact there's a great story
非常精彩的故事 that Max Hunter used to tell
是关于一个女歌手的 of a female folk singer
她想为Hunter演唱他的曲集中歌曲 that wanted to sing him a bawdy version
的一个淫秽版本 of a folk song for his collection
但又不好意思对这一个男人唱 but she felt embarrassed to sing it to a man
所以Max就只好请来他自己的妻子 and so Max had to bring his wife,
Virginias来陪他 Virginias, along
下一次他再去镇上 the next time he went to that town
女歌手就可以唱给他妻子听 so that she could sing it for her
结果歌手的确唱给了他妻子 so she'd sing it for his wife
而他则被请出了房间 but he couldn't be in the room
因为她的的确确感到十分尴尬 because she just felt uncomfortable doing that
经过了这些波折 and that's the only reason
那首歌才能够存在于曲集中 that song ended up in the collection.
我非常喜欢这个故事 它很棒 I love that story; it's just a great one.
当大家听到欧扎克版本的山羊之歌时 So as you look at Ozark versions of the ram song
再将它同以前听到的对比 and compare it to the one that we saw earlier
就会注意到 one of the things that you noticed is
它不再是复合节奏了 it changed from being in a compound meter,
原来的6/8拍 6/8 time where there is actually 6 8th notes
变成了更加简洁的 to the measure to being in more of a simple meter,
2/4或者4/4拍 2/4 time or 4/4 time.
我要说明的就是 And the whole point is that when
当一些音乐以欧扎克的方式呈现时 some of this music made its way to the Ozarks
就会有这样的趋势 there tends to be a tendency in the Ozarks
原先的音乐会得到 to simplify materials that have come in
一定的简化 from the outside
在某些情况下 and in some cases to simplify materials
也会简化新创作出来的音乐 that have been newly composed.
下面是这首歌曲的另一版本 Here's another version of the same song.
这次就有一些变化了 Ok, and there have been some changes made.
它是由一个在密苏里州马什菲尔德的 This is a version that was sung
叫做Willis Case的民歌手演唱的 by a folk singer named Willis Case in Marshfield,
他在1999年唱了这首歌 Missouri and he performed this song in the year 1999
你们很快要听到的录音 and the recording that you're going to hear
就是当时 in just a minute is of Willis Case
的一首歌 singing the song at that time.
唱这首歌时 He was in his 80's
他八十多岁了 when he performed this song
他稍微提及了这首歌的来历 but he tells a little bit about where it came from.
他的祖父曾经参加过内战 His grandfather who fought in the civil war
他唱了这首歌 sang this song
而传到他这一代的 and this is the specific version
就是这个版本 that came down to him
所以我们就可以肯定 so we know that this version is
这个版本至少可以追溯到十九世纪六十年代 at least from the 1860's,
很可能要更早 probably dates earlier than that.
现在请注意这两个版本 Now listen to the difference in
对歌曲的不同处理方式 how this is handled.
我去到达拉斯城 As I went down to Dallas town
那天刚好是集市 t'was on the market day,
我见到了我所见过最大的羊 the biggest sheep I ever saw,
他们用干草饲养它 they fed him there on hay
那是穷苦的德比啊 那些穷苦的日子 and t'was poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day,
那是穷苦的德比啊 那些穷苦的日子 poor old dingle Derby, poor old dingle day.
地点变了 The location has changed,
不再是爱尔兰的德比了 we are no longer in Derby, Ireland,
变成了达拉斯城 now we are in Dallas town,
所以说地点变化了 so the location has been moved
变成了美国的地名 to an American location
即使歌词中仍然有德比这个词 even though the word Derby is still in there
但与英伦诸岛的那个地方 it has nothing to do with being
不再有任何关系 in the British Isles any more.
同时节奏也变得更为简单 Also the meter has been changed to a simple meter
不同于原来的复合节奏 rather than a compound meter
节奏以2来划分 where the beat is divided by 2
而不是3 instead of by 3.
这样一对比就会非常有趣 Interesting kind of comparison
当我们发现是分别以2和3来划分时 we can make about division by 2 and by 3
下节课我们在学到非洲音乐时 and we'll study that when we look
我们会继续研究这个 at African music in our next music.
但是现在关键的问题是 But right now the main point to understand
这只曲子的简洁性 is that there is a simplicity about this music
是非常具有欧扎克音乐特色的 that is very Ozarkian.
我们听听Willis Case的演绎 Let's listen to the Willis Case performance of this.
他在演唱前对歌曲稍微进行了描述 He describes just a little bit about this in advance
所以你们会听到他对这首歌的看法 so you will hear a little bit of that discussion
而后听到他对 and then he will go into his performance
"德比公羊"的演绎 of the Derby Ram,
他把这首歌命名为"Dinkle 德比" in his case he titles it 'Dinkle Derby'
不 我不是个歌手 No I'm neither a singer,
我当拍卖员已经50年了 I've been an auctioneer for 50 years
就我能够想起的种种曲调来讲 and I'm not a musician in any shape
我绝称不上是个音乐家 of any kind of notes that I can think of
但是我还是试着唱一下这首 but I will attempt to sing this song
由我父亲传给我的歌吧 that was handed down to me from my father
录音可以表明这的确 and then the records may show that
是一首古老的歌 this was really an old song.
歌是这样开头的 And it begins like this:
我去到达拉斯城 as I went down to Dallas town
那天刚好是集市 t'was on the market day,
我见到了所见过最大的羊 the biggest sheep I ever saw,
他们用干草饲养它 they fed him there on hay,
那是穷苦的德比啊 and it was poor old Dinkle Derby,
穷苦的日子啊 穷苦的德比 poor old Dinkle day, poor old Dinkle Derby,
穷苦的日子 poor old Dinkle day.
它走路用四只脚 He had four feet to walk upon
眼睛朝四周望 and eyes to look around
每次它一转身 and every time he turned around
要占一英亩的地 he covered an acre of ground,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day.
它头上的角那么长 要碰到月亮 The horns on his head they reached to the moon,
屠夫是二月去的 the butcher went in February
直到六月才回来 and never came back till June
那是穷苦的德比啊 and it was poor old Dinkle Derby,
穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle day,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day.
那个屠夫 它头上的羊毛 The butcher, the wool on his head,
背上的羊毛直到蓝天 the wool up on his back it reached up to the sky
听到了年轻人的叫声 heard the young ones cry
那是穷苦的德比啊 and it was poor old Dinkle Derby,
穷苦的日子 poor old Dinkle day,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day.
它胸上的羊毛直垂到地面 The wool on his breast reached to the ground,
那些毛 all the wool
我听到了年轻人的呼声 I heard the young ones cry,
那是穷苦的德比啊 and it was poor old Dinkle Derby,
穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle day,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day.
它尾巴上的毛有40码宽 The wool on his tail was 40 yard across,
我听到编织工说他们只用一天就可以织完 I heard the weavers say that they wove it in a day
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 and it was poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day,
穷苦的德比 穷苦的岁月 poor old Dinkle Derby, poor old Dinkle day.
研究任何传统音乐的 The important thing about researching
最关键的一点就是其真实可信度 any kind of traditional music is authenticity.
你必须确保研究材料 You want to make sure that
是真实可信的 the material you are getting is authentic
而没有被大众传媒 and has not been corrupted as it were
或其它的东西污染 by mass media or some other source.
就这首歌来讲我们可以相当肯定 In a case like this we can be pretty sure
这个版本就是 that this is the version that
Willis Case从他祖父那里听到 Willis Case heard from his grandfather
一直由内战前开始 that had been passed down
流传下来的版本 since before the civil war in the United States
我们由他谈论这首歌的方式就可以判定 just because of the way he talks about the song.
在Max Hunter开始收集这些歌曲时 Max Hunter as he started collecting his songs
他非常小心地要确保 was very careful to make sure
所有来源欧扎克地区 that any song that had actually
以外的歌曲 come from any source outside the Ozarks region
被排除在外 would be erased
有一个故事是讲 and there was one story he told about
他如何搜寻首歌曲 how he was looking for
的特定版本的 a particular version of a song
他找到了一个女人 and he finally found a woman
可以为他演唱 that could sing it for him
他录了音效果非常棒 and he recorded it and he was just fabulous
她不经意提到 and then she happened to mention
她曾经在她来自加利福尼亚的表亲 that she had heard part of that song
那里听到这首歌的片段 from a cousin of hers that was from California
他于是非常失望 and he was so sad about it
因为根据他的定义如果一首歌不是起源于欧扎克 because his rule was if it's not from the Ozarks
那么它就不能算作是严格意义上的欧扎克音乐 it's not authentically Ozark music
所以说我们在歌曲集里就找不到那首歌 and therefore we can't have it in the collection
他必须把它排除在外 and he had to erase that song
他花费了许多苦心搜寻它 and he had worked so hard to find it
要把它排除在外简直是要了他的命 and it just killed him to have to do it
但是在选歌这件事上 but he was very true
他的确是非常忠于 to his own particular rules of engagement
他为自己定下的原则 where collection songs was concerned.
我们等一下会看看这个网站 We're going to take a look at that website
但在这之前我想继续 in just a bit but first I want to continue
我们之前的谈话 将这首歌 to talk a little bit about this version of the song
与之前的那版 as compared to the earlier version
来自于英国歌曲集的 that we saw in 6/8 time from the
6/8拍的作对比 English folk music song book.
首先这一版在处理手法上 First of all there is a simplicity
具有简洁性和直接性 and directness in approach;
没有浪费多余的功夫 一切都被化为简单的 no wasted effort, everything is compressed
节奏 这样同欧洲的版本相比就更加直接 to a simpler meter to be much more direct
和少了很多花哨 and much less fancy than the European version.
这里有一句话 There's a quotation here
是1989年密苏里出版的名为 that comes from a publication entitled
小提琴演奏入门 introduction to traditional violin playing
的书中的一句话 in Missouri published in 1989
这句话中也跟我刚才所讲的原则 and there is a similarity in this quotation
有相似的地方 to the kind of principle I'm talking about,
是关于欧扎克地区演奏的简洁性的 about simplification where Ozark fiddling
这种简洁强调了坚定的驱动力 has always emphasized the hard driving,
和里尔舞的轻快 曲调保留了 fast reels for dancing, tunes have kept
非常明显的山区特色 a distinctive mountain sound
旋律相对简单 and their melodies are comparatively simple.
音乐的简单性 The simplicity feature of this music
将随着你体会的越多 is the one that you see more and more
而表现得越明显 as you go through it.
今天谈话的另一主题就是欧扎克音乐的简朴 Now the other part of today's talk is about frugality.
欧扎克地区人民是非常节俭的 Ozarks people are a frugal people,
他们过的常常是被称为 they often had a what is described
白手起家的生活 as a hard scrabble existence;
对于生活在电器和大众传媒时代之前的 having to make something out of nothing
欧扎克地区人民来说 was a very common thing for people
从贫瘠的现实中创造生活资料 who lived in the Ozarks before the days
是非常常见的 of electricity and mass media
我们也将从他们的音乐中 and we're going to see that
认识到这一事实 in some of their music as well.
这里有一首叫做猎犬之歌的歌曲 Here's a song called the hound dog song
是来自欧扎克地区的 which comes from the Ozarks region,
我在叫Vance Randolph曲集的 it's found in the Vance Randolph collection
欧扎克民歌集中找的 在Myer图书馆 of Ozark folk songs which you can find in Myer library
可以找到 共四册 我们将会在那里面 it's a 4 volume set and we'll be looking at
找一些歌曲来听 a couple of songs from that collection.
这些歌都是在二十世纪三十年代 These songs were collected back
和四十年代收集的 猎犬之歌 in the 1930's and 40's. The hound dog song
猎犬之歌是密苏里非常有名的歌 我们 is a very famous Missouri song, and we're
马上就要听到 going to learn to sing it in just a few minutes,
我们要进行一场小小的表演 ok, and we're going to have a little performance
所以我们马上要在课堂上表演 so we are going to do a class performance
试唱这首歌 of this song in just a few minutes
但是我先讲讲 but I want to talk about it first.
猎犬之歌流传已经流传有相当一段时间了 Hound dog song has been around for quite some time,
有人听说过Champ Clarke吗 anybody ever heard of Champ Clarke?
他是谁呢 Who was Champ Clarke?
他是来自密苏里州的参议员 Champ Clarke was a senator from Missouri, US Senator,
是1912年的总统竞选人 was a presidential candidate in 1912
实际上那一年他几乎成为了民主党的提名的 and in fact he almost got the Democratic nomination
总统候选人 for president that year
但是有得到超过三分之二选票的规则 but there was a 2 thirds rule
而他无法得到代表的三分之二选票 and he couldn't quite get 2 thirds of the delegates
所以作为折中的办法 and so the Democrats went
民主党提名了另一位候选人 with a compromise candidate
也就是Woodrow Wilson named Woodrow Wilson instead.
所以Champ Clarke就这样错过了 Yeah, so Champ Clarke just missed
很可能成为总统的机会 probably getting to be president
共和党由于Teddy Roosevelt because the Republican party got split
而处于分裂状态 that year because of Teddy Roosevelt and
他有自己独立的进步党 his independent bull moose
阵营对抗塔夫脱 campaign running against Taft
所以无论谁作为候选人 so the Democrats were going to
民主党都一定会赢的 win whoever the candidate was
而候选人并没有Champ Clarke and it didn't end up quite being Champ Clarke
但猎犬之歌是他的竞选歌曲 but the hound dog song was his campaign song
就在他短短的 during that very short presidential
参选过程中 nomination bid that he made.
有一个基于真实事件的来自 There's a legend that it came from Foresythe
Foresythe的传说是有关 based on an actual incident that happened involving
几个带着他们的狗来到镇上的人 a couple of men that came to town with their dog
你们可以在听歌曲的时候听到这个故事 and your going to hear the story as you hear the song.
它是跟我们见过的美国本土音乐 It's based on a pentatonic scale similar to
相近的五音阶 the Native American music that we've seen.
它是源自一首叫做沙地里的大土豆或 It comes from a tune called Big Taters in Sandy Land,
沙地里的甜土豆的小调 or big sweet taters in sandy land and
我们很快要听到这首小调的原型 we're going to hear the origination of this tune,
实际是源于用提琴演奏的小调 传说 it actually comes from a fiddle tune and the legend is
有一个叫做Steve的人 that there was a man named Steve,
没人知道他姓什么 no one knows his last name,
他决定要在含沙量很高的地里 but Steve decided to plant potatoes
种植土豆 in a very sandy soil
所有邻居都告诉他不会有结果的 and all of his neighbors told him this will never work,
在那片地里土豆是长不出的 they're not going to grown there, it's no good,
不能在沙地种土豆 you can't grow potatoes in sandy land.
尽管如此Steve还是种了 Well Steve planted the potatoes anyway and
那年的天气特殊因此 that year the weather conditions were such that
在所有种植者中只有他一人收获了土豆 he was the only one that got any potatoes at all.
他邻居种的土豆都毁了 All of his neighbors, their potato crops were ruined
而在沙地里种的土豆 and the ones in the sandy soil were
则是唯一幸存的 the only ones that survived and so to sort of rub it
为了羞辱那些在当初 in the face of the neighbors
告诫他不要这样做的邻居 that told him he couldn't do it that way
他写了一首沙地里的甜土豆这首歌 he wrote a song called big sweet taters in sandy land
这就是那首小调的来源 and that's where the fiddle tune came from
我们有几个变奏的版本 and we're going to hear several different variants
等一下会听到 on that in just a bit.
而节俭就体现在 But the frugality aspect is that
通常你会看到一首小调 often you see tunes getting used
被用作多种目的 for multiple purposes here
如你们在ppt上看到的 and as you can see on the PowerPoint
有四五个不同名字的小调 there are 4 or 5 different titles of tunes
其实可以说是一种曲调 that are all basically the same one;
像猎犬之歌 大土豆 the hound dog song, great big taters,
Sally Anne 扬帆吧女士 Sally Anne, sail away ladies,
别把我的猎犬踢来踢去 quit kicking my dog around,
也是同一首猎犬歌 which is the same as the hound dog song,
Sally Anne也只是另一个版本罢了 and Sally Anne are all basic variants
曲调一样 只是可能 of the same tune that may or may not have come
不是由种土豆这个事件而来的就是了 from this incident with the planting of potatoes.
因此 如Minrose Quinn在关于 Frugality then, as Minrose Quinn said
欧扎克音乐的一部纪录片里所言 in a documentary made about the Ozarks
欧扎克人的节俭是可以从赤贫的现实中 that if they had to they could make
创造生活的 something out of nothing.
节俭在此处体现为 There is a bit of frugality involved
一直沿用一个曲调 in taking that tune and stretching it a long way
而产生出许多变奏 with lots of different variants.
在座有人在农场劳动过吗 Anybody done any farm work in here,
有人拖过干草吗 anybody hauled hay?
你们可以用麻绳 Ok, how many different things
干多少不同的事呢 can you do with baling twine?
跟其它事物一样 很多事情 A bunch of stuff, yeah, like everything.
可以用来捆东西 You use baling twine and baling wire to fix anything;
这种节俭 无中生有的本事 that's frugality making something out of nothing.
在欧扎克地区有悠久的传统 It is very, very traditional to the Ozarks
对音乐来说也同样如此 and it exists with the music as well.
现在我们来表演猎犬之歌 Now let's do a performance of the hound dog song.
首先我们要学习这首歌的歌词 First, in order to do that we're going to
我们现场有一位吉他手 need to learn the chorus and we have a guitarist
他会帮助大家学习 who is going to help us with that
Chris 能上来吗 Chris, can you come on up?
歌词在这里 The words are up here;
我每次进城 every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么做 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的狗踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around. Ok?
我们以这个速度来唱 We're going to go about this tempo,
1 2 3 4 大家开始唱 1 and 2 and 3 and 4, go ahead and start.
好 大家跟我一起唱 Ok, everybody sing with me.
我每次进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么做 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的狗踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
再来一次 1 2 3 4 Right, try it again, 1, 2, 3, 4.
我每次进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是一只猎犬他们也还是这么干 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的猎犬踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
好 现在我要唱歌词了 Ok, I'm going to start singing verses and
你们跟在我之后唱副歌部分 好吗 you come back in with the chorus after each verse, ok?
我每次进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的猎犬踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是一只猎犬他们也还是这么做 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的猎犬踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
每次我进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么做 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的猎犬踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
每次我进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的猎犬踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么做 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的猎犬踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
那么现在 Let's see now,
我得试着去记下一首歌词 I have got to try and remember the next verse.
我每次进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们都把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么干 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的猎犬踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
下面的歌词就有些搞笑了 Now here comes the fun verse.
每次我进城来 Every time I come to town
男孩子们就把我的狗踢来踢去 the boys keep kicking my dog around,
即使它是只猎犬他们也还是这么干 makes no difference if he is a hound,
他们一定不能再把我的狗踢来踢去了 they gotta quit kicking my dog around.
好 不错 Ok, good job.
那么这到底是一个什么故事呢 So what's the story?
几个年轻人来到城里 These guys come to town,
接下来呢 what happens?
他们跟他的狗纠缠在一起 They mess with his dog.
他们接下来怎么样了呢 What do they do?
他们给它的尾巴上系了几只易拉罐 Yeah they tied cans to his tails
追着它在城里跑来跑去 and ran him through town,
经过了城里的监狱 right past the county jail.
人们就很震怒 发现了干了这件坏事的那几个年轻人 So the guys got mad and they found the guys
双方发生了争斗 that did it and they all got in a big fight
那只狗也加入了争斗 and then the dog joined in and
最终变为一场混战 it all turned into a big melee.
所以我们可以确定它是基于真实事件的 Ok, so this is apparently based on an actual incident
有人说它发生在密苏里的Foresythe that some people say happened in Foresythe, Missouri,
有来自那儿的人吗 anybody here from Forsythe?
没有 那有人来自Aurora吗 或者比较近的 No. anybody here from Aurora? Close to Aurora?
好 那你们知道Aurora在哪吗 Ok, you know where Aurora is?
对 东边 不 是西边 Yeah, east, west of here on 60.
如果你们去Aurora中学的话 Ok, Aurora, if you go to Aurora high school
就会发现他们的吉祥物是一只猎犬 you find that the mascot is the hound dog,
就是有名的Aurora猎犬 出自这首歌 the Aurora Hound Dogs and it comes from this song.
这是一首非常有名的密苏里民歌 This is a very famous Missouri folk song
所以有必要知道 that it's important to know about
不过跟大多数民歌一样它不是没有出处的 but like most folk songs it did not come out of nowhere.
欧扎克地区的节俭造就了这首歌 The frugality of the Ozarks region made this song
它实际上是来源于沙地里的大土豆 actually come from the earlier variants
的较早变奏版本 of great big taters in sandy land,
或者沙地里的甜土豆或Sandy Anne or big sweet taters in sandy land or Sandy Anne
或扬帆吧女士 or Sail Away Ladies;
所有的歌曲都是相互关联的 all of these songs are interrelated and they are fiddle tunes
都是来自于猎犬之歌 from which the hound dog song,
都是来自那个曲调 the tune of the hound dog song was taken.
所以如果不唱 每次我来到城里 的话 So instead of singing every time I come to town
你也可以唱 you might have been singing
沙地里又大又甜的土豆啊 great big sweet, big sweet taters in sandy land,
我在沙地里种土豆 我在沙地 I plant taters in sandy land, I planted taters
种土豆 in sandy land,
以此来报复曾经取笑你的邻居 getting back at your neighbors for making fun of you.
因此我们推测 That's where the conjecture is
这首歌很可能是以此为原型的 that this song may have originated.
大家下节课要听到叫做 Now you're going to be hearing from a guest artist
Gordon McCann的吉他手演奏 in our next session named Gordon McCann and Gordon
他还会为一位非常出色的 will be here playing guitar for a young fiddler
小提琴演奏家伴奏 who is just a wonderful young player
大家下堂课就可以听到 and you're going to hear her next time.
Gordon是Springfield人 Gordon is a local resident here in Springfield
他也是一位歌曲收集者 who is a folk song collector in his own right
他去过很多的小提琴比赛 and goes to various fiddle competitions
和其他的表演 并把音乐都录了下来 and performances and records the music that's performed
他有一个曲集 and he has a collection of,
我不知道里面收集了多少歌曲和小提琴曲 I don't know how many songs, fiddle tunes
都是过去的二三十年里 that have been played around the Ozarks here
在欧扎克表演过的 非常棒的曲集 for the last 2 or 3 decades, an amazing collection.
我们明天会听到他演奏 We are going to hear him perform tomorrow
不过所有的音乐都是来自于 but all of these songs come from
Gordon McCann曲集 the Gordon McCann collection
他非常大方地把这些音乐给我们 and Gordon was kind enough to provide them
作为教学材料使用 to me for use in this class.
所以我们接下来会听到欧扎克地区演奏过的 So what we're going to hear are some performances
由那首又大又甜的土豆之歌 of fiddles in the Ozarks
衍生出的三个版本的小提琴曲变奏 performing three variants on this big sweet taters song
我希望大家能够辨认出它们与那首 and I hope that you will recognize the relationship
猎犬之歌的关系 between that and the hound dog song that you just sang.
接下来我们要听到Lon Jordan于1914年演奏 So we are going to hear Lon Jordan playing
的大土豆之歌 great big taters from 1941
接下来是Bill Bilyeu在1943年演奏的Sally Anne and then Sally Anne played by Bill Bilyeu in 1943,
还有Fred StoneKing1995 we're going to hear Sail Away Ladies played
演奏的扬帆吧女士 by Fred StoneKing in 1995,
Art Galbraith1977年的 quit kicking my dog around,
别踢我的狗 Art Galbraith in 1977
最后是Lonnie Robertson and finally Lonnie Robertson,
1979年演奏的Sally Anne Sally Anne 1979
由于是磁带我可能要 and it's on a tape here so I may have to fast forward
快进一些片段 这样我们就可以听到 occasionally through some portions so we can hear
这首歌的五个版本 versions of all 5 performances of this song.
我们先听由Lon Jordan在1941 We're going to start then with great big taters,
年演奏的 Lon Jordan, 1941.
沙地里的甜土豆 Big sweet taters in sandy land.
现在我们稍微快进一下 Ok, now let's put it forward a bit
再听听它的另一个版本 and hear the next version of this song.
由Fiddling Bill Bilyeu演奏的Sally Anne Sally Anne played by Fiddling Bill Bilyeu.
能够听出这两首歌曲的对比吗 Hear the comparison between those 2 songs?
它们之间的关联性是非常密切的 They are very much related to each other
就它们旋律的轮廓 in terms of the basic contour of the melody
和留给人的印象来看是非常相似的 in the way it's coming across
然而它们还是有两个不同的曲名 and yet the songs have 2 different titles.
我们再来听一个版本 Let's hear another version;
Fred StoneKing演奏的 扬帆吧女士 Sail Away Ladies, Fred StoneKing.
我认为这个版本 That one a bit more of a distant relative
跟其源头差距比较大 I think.
现在听一点1977年的 别踢我的狗 Now a bit of quit kicking my dog around from 1977.
沙地里的大土豆 great big taters in sandy land
现在你来演奏G调 Now you've been playing G, yeah.
他们在讨论它们的关系 They are talking about the relationship
他们也被弄糊涂了 of these songs and how they're getting confused.
等一下这首是 扬帆吧女士 Now wait a minute that one is sail away ladies
那个是Sally Anne 还有这首 and that one is Sally Anne and this one
别把我的狗踢来踢去了 is quit kicking my dog around
它们彼此关联如此紧密以至于 and they are all so interrelated that the
演奏者都分不清他们在不同的时间 players themselves are getting confused on
演奏的到底是哪首曲子 which one they are doing at what time and that
这就是我们刚才听到的讨论 was the discussion that you were hearing right there.
最后来听Lonnie Robertson Finally a performance
1979年演奏的Sally Anne by Lonnie Robertson of Sally Anne, 1979.
因此这些歌曲的关系非常密切 So all of these songs are very, very
这样就更加突出了欧扎克曲风节俭的特点 interrelated pointing out the frugality of this style.
那么欧扎克地区到底是指什么呢 So what is the Ozarks region?
要是看地图的话你会看到 Well if you look on a map you can see
欧扎克高原 that the Ozarks plateau basically,
欧扎克地区就包括 and the Ozarks region basically consists of
Springfield所在的欧扎克高原 the Ozarks plateau which is where Springfield is,
然后一直延续到波士顿山区 and then down into the Boston Mountains,
和坐落于阿肯色和俄克拉荷马的 Arkansas Valley and the Wichita Valley
阿肯色谷和威奇托谷 which are down in Arkansas and Oklahoma
所以欧扎克地区包括部分的俄克拉荷马 so parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri
阿肯色 和密苏里 我们所谈论的音乐 constitute the traditional Ozarks region from which
就是来自这个地区 most of this music comes.
在我之前提到的在Myer图书馆可以找到的 Now I spoke earlier about the Vance Randolph collection
Vance Randolph歌集中的中 which you find in Myer Library and from that
你们可以找到猎犬之歌 one of the volumes had the Hound Dog song;
那个歌集一共有四册其中整整一册 there are 4 volumes in the set though and there is
收集的是娱乐会歌曲 a full volume in this collection of play party songs.
什么事娱乐会呢 Play party songs. What was a play party? Well
是指坐下然后玩耍 You sit down and play
看看会发生什么吗 and see what happens?
不完全是的 Not exactly, not exactly,
那是不是像一个爵士音乐会那样 the question was like is it like a jam session
大家坐下演奏音乐 where everybody sit's down and plays
然后看看会发生什么呢 and we see what happens?
不 并不是的 所谓的娱乐会 No, that's not what it was, a play party,
让我这么描述它吧 let me describe a play party,
你年满16岁了 然后你去了 ok, you are 16 years old, ok, and you go
举办娱乐会的场所 to the building where the play party is going to be
它可能是别人的房子 or it might have been in someone's house and
一个人唱歌 男孩子站在一侧 someone sings a song and the boys stand on one side,
女孩子站在另一侧 the girls stand on the other, they all come together,
男孩子将舞伴甩到另一端 they swing their partner and
随后又回到自己原来的位置 they go back to their respective sides.
它听起来像什么呢 Now what does that sound like to you?
听起来很像方形舞 对吧 Sounds like a square dance, doesn't it,
但是其实不然 因为宗教不允许 but no, the religion does not allow us
我们在这时跳舞对吧 to dance during this time, right,
欧扎克地区的非常严格的宗教信仰 the very strict religious beliefs of the Ozark region,
最初是浸礼会 不允许跳舞 primarily Baptist at this time, does not allow dancing
因此这种活动就被称为娱乐会 and therefore this is called a play party,
而不是舞会 it's not a dance.
所以这种活动本质上是伪装的舞会 So it's dancing in disguise essentially
没有任何乐器 and there are no instruments
因为小提琴是尤其被当地的 because the fiddle in particular is looked down upon
宗教势力所鄙视的 by the religious powers that be
被当成是魔鬼的乐器 as an instrument of the devil.
很多资料都表明确实存在这种联系 A lot of sources that show that particular correlation
因此便没有小提琴音乐 to be taking place and therefore no fiddle music,
没有班卓琴 在娱乐会上不允许乐器的存在 no banjos, no instruments are allowed at a play party
只有歌唱 it's all singing.
接下来我们要接触到的一首歌 Now the song that we're going to take a look at
来自叫做Weev'ly Wheat的歌集 from this particular collection is called Weev'ly Wheat
Weev'ly Wheat Weev'ly Wheat;
有人知道那是什么意思吗 好 what do you suppose that means? Yes?
人们在收了麦子之后 They picked the wheat and
发现里面有象虫 they found there's weevils in it.
象虫在南方 Yes, the bowl weevil was the
可是农业的祸根 scourge of the south.
当它进入麦子和其它谷物中时 When it got into wheat and other grains
它就会吃掉作物 it would pretty much eat the crop
所以生象虫的麦子不是什么好东西 and so weev'ly wheat was not a good thing.
我们来看看这首歌 Let me sing it to you so that you can see
是怎么唱的 how the song goes.
我一点也不想要你那生了象虫的麦子 Oh I don't want none of your weev'ly wheat
我也不要你的大麦 and I don't want none of your barley,
但让我想想 我要一些面粉 but I, let's see, but I want some flour and
再给我半个小时好给Charlie烤蛋糕 half an hour to bake a cake for Charlie.
那首歌就是这样的 你们可以和着这首歌跳舞 That's the song, and you would be dancing
或者办一个娱乐会 or doing a play party I should say, to that song,
因为娱乐会不允许跳舞 cause dancing is not allowed and there
但是有很多歌曲可以演唱 are several verses that you might be singing.
我想嫁给Charlie I'd like to marry Charlie boy
但不想嫁给他的表哥 but I wouldn't marry his cousin,
我花四十美分就能得到一打你这样的年轻人 I can get plenty of men like you for 40 cents a dozen.
现在那些年轻的女士们很可能 Ok, now probably the young ladies would be
在唱着那首歌了 singing that verse, right.
我一定要你最好的小麦还有你 I must have your best of wheat and I must have your best
最好的大麦还有你最好的黑麦 of barley and I must have your best of rye
好给Charlie烤蛋糕 to bake a cake for Charlie.
这些歌词里提到了很多次Charlie Hearing a lot about Charlie here in all of these verses;
你们认为会是谁呢 who do you suppose that was?
镇里的一个英俊的小伙子 The handsome guy in town.
镇里英俊的小伙子 有可能 the handsome guy in town, yeah, maybe.
其实这首歌是有历史渊源的 There's actually a historical reason for this song.
有人知道这首歌是来自哪里的吗 Where do you suppose this song came from?
Dinkle德比那首歌是从哪里来的 Where did Dinkle Derby come from?
欧洲 Europe.
欧洲 没错 是从爱尔兰传过来的 Europe, right, it came from Ireland,
德比公羊流传到这里 the Derby Ram that came over here
就变成了Dinkle德比了 and became Dinkle Derby,
所以生象虫的小麦也是某首 so Weev'ly Wheat came from some song
来自欧洲的歌曲 that came from Europe.
那么在欧洲那位有名的Charlie是谁呢 Now, who is a famous Charlie in Europe?
查尔斯国王 King Charles.
英格兰的查尔斯国王 King Charles of England,
对 他的确是一位有名的Charlie 但还有一位 yes, he's one but there's another one.
查理曼大帝 Charlemagne?
查理曼的确又是另一个 但我 Charlemagne is another one but
不认为他是他们心里的那位Charlie that's not the one I think they are thinking about here
有谁的确就是被称作Charlie的呢 Who was specifically called Charlie?
苏格兰的 Bonnie Prince Charlie
邦尼王子查理 of Scotland,
你们可能听说过他 might have heard of him before.
我们不打算深入英格兰 Ok, well without going into English
和苏格兰历史 苏格兰人认为 and Scottish history a whole lot
Bonnie Prince Charlie Bonnie Prince Charlie was the Scottish people
是王位的合法继承人 believed him to be the rightful heir to the throne
但是英格兰的詹姆斯一世僭取了 but when James the 1st of England took over
英格兰和苏格兰的王位 both the thrones of both Scotland and England
Bonnie Prince Charlie Bonnie Prince Charlie was essentially replaced
被取而代之后便避走法国 and had to go over to France so that
以免被英格兰人处死 he wouldn't get executed by the English.
苏格兰人一直认为 The Scottish people always felt like
他才是他们的国王 he should have been their king
于是就写了很多歌来纪念他 and they made up lots of songs about that.
所以这首歌就是歌唱Charlie的 So Charlie makes it into this song
无论它源于何处 because wherever this song originated
实际我并不清楚它的确切起源 但它的确 and I'm not quite sure of the origin of it,
是歌唱 but it was singing about
bonnie prince Charlie bonnie prince Charlie
的 但当流传到欧扎克地区时 but by the time it gets to the Ozarks
却变成了Vance Randolph and ends up as a play party song in the
曲集里名叫做生象虫的小麦的娱乐会歌曲 Vance Randolph collection it's called Weevil'y Wheat
讲的是作物被巨大的象虫给 and they're talking about the crop getting eaten
吃掉的事情 by the bull weevil.
欧洲风味已经荡然无存 Now there's nothing European about that,
象虫和小麦是 the bull weevil and the wheat crop is strictly
典型的美国农业的问题所以 an American problem so we've got
这首歌中的唱的是Charlie但实际上 bonnie prince Charlie being sung about in a song
却是说小麦的问题 that is really about the wheat crop
这里就有非常有趣的文化上的融合 and we have an interesting combination of cultures
跟我们在这门课接触到的许多的 like we've seen with so many of the cultures
文化一样 that we've studied so far in this course
将一种文化同另一种 you take one culture and you mix it
结合起来就会得到有趣的结果 with another and you get some interesting results
以纳瓦霍音乐为例 like we saw in the Navajo music for example
我们听过的那首歌将乡村风格 the song that we saw where they had taken the country
纳瓦霍特色融合了起来 styles and mixed in the Navajo characteristics,
是不是 right, remember that?
他们那一版独特的Johnny Cash Ok, their particular version of
的歌曲还记得吗 that Johnny Cash song
在欧扎克音乐里还有别的这种 so there's another example here in the Ozarks
文化融合的例子 of that kind of cultural combination.
现在这儿有好几个版本的歌词 So there's a number of verses here and one of the verses
其中一个版本的可能看不太清楚 that is not showing up here very well
我给大家念出来吧 that I want to tell you about is;
用百合花般洁白的手抓住她 grab her by the lily white hand
像鸽子般牵引着她 and lead her like a pigeon,
让她和着生象虫的麦子跳舞 make her dance the weevily wheat
让她违反她的教规 and lose all her religion –
这就是那段歌词 that's a verse that's in there.
讲的是什么意思呢 Now what's that about? Yes?
不是讲性的 It's not talking about sex.
是关于跳舞的 It's talking about dancing
因为如果一个人被看到跳舞了 because if a person got caught dancing
就很可能被驱逐出教会 they were liable to get kicked out of their church,
对待这件事可能会有不同的处理方法 there were all sorts of ramifications for that
在某些宗教里实际上 and some religions could actually
真的有可能把那个人踢出教堂 literally kick you out of the church,
在诺门派集会上你可能会被众人避开 Mennonite congregations you might get shunned,
不同的宗教处理被抓到跳舞 there could be various kinds of religious ramifications
有不同的方法 for getting caught dancing;
让她和着生象虫的小麦跳舞 make her dance the weevily wheat and
违反她的教规 是歌曲中的一段歌词 lose all her religion, is one of the verses of this song
在这中情况下文化 so clearly the culture and the music
和音乐就相互交融 are intertwined in this situation
所以我们在这里要研究的是欧扎克地区的文化 and it's the culture from around here in the Ozarks
这是一项非常有趣的研究 that we're looking at so a fascinating study
很多事情同时发生了 I think of how these kinds of things can take place,
有欧扎克地区音乐的简单和节俭 the simplicity and the frugality of Ozarks music
同时娱乐会音乐又和 and then also the play party songs tied in with
宗教 文化 音乐结合了起来 the religion and the culture and the music
统一在一起 all in one big package.
这节课的课后作业是 Ok, the assignment for next time then is to
写一篇对比Max Hunter的网站上的 write an essay in which you compare and contrast
歌曲的论文 the following songs that are on the Max Hunter Website
两首歌的名字都叫做 漂亮的Polly They are both entitled 'Pretty Polly'.
实际上你们可以在Hunter的网站上 You'll actually find about 8 different versions of
找到这首歌的八个版本还有各种变奏 pretty Polly along with variants on the Max Hunter site
还有一首小提琴曲也叫这个名字 and there's also a fiddle tune called pretty Polly
不过它跟这些歌都没有什么关系 which has nothing to do with those songs
这些歌曲中有些是其它的变体 so some of them are varieties of each other
有些则是完全不同的歌曲 and in some cases they are completely different songs
只是有一样的名字罢了 with the same title;
这就有涉及到了节俭的特征 once again, frugality here.
在这个网站上我想让你们 But on the Max Hunter site you will find 2 versions
听两个版本的 of pretty Polly that I want you to listen to;
编号分别为826 和 542 number 826 and number 542
之后对音乐和其表现方式进行讨论 and talk about the music and how it's performed
也需要对文本进行讨论 by the performers and then also talk about the text
因为对文本有不同的处理方式 because these songs have differences in
叙事线索也不同 how the text is handled and what the story line is.
Andy 什么事 Yes, Andy?
打印出来一页就可以了 Enough to create about 1 page typed.
所以我并不希望你们写啊写啊 So I'm not looking for you to go on and on and on
一直写够五页 and write a 5 page essay here.
一页 一共两三段就可以了 A 1 page essay, 2 or 3 paragraphs is fine with me
但是一定要对某些方面 but do enough so that you go into some detail
进行较深入的研究 on some aspect of what's going on, right.
那么怎么找到那两首歌呢 Now how do we get to the site?
下面我给大家演示 Let's go ahead and do that,
大家都清楚怎么访问 does everybody have this information.
Max Hunter的网站吗 To get to the Max Hunter site
你们可以先去访问校园网主页 you can go to the University's Website
在.edu之后键入 and just type in after the .edu /folksong/maxhunter
/folksong/maxhunter 就可以了 and you will get the webpage for the Max Hunter site.
找到这些歌曲有很多方式 There's a variety of ways of getting to these songs.
因为告诉了你们编号 Since you actually have the numbers
你们可以按照这个方法来 you could do it that way
在页面下方你们可以根据 because if you scroll down you'll see that
歌曲标题 you can browse the collection by song title,
歌手或类别编号浏览 by singer or by catalogue number
既然已经告诉你们编号了 and since you already have the numbers there
你们就可以省点时间根据它来找歌 you can save yourself a little time and do it that way.
提醒我那两个编号是 Can somebody remind me what those numbers are.
826和542 826 and 542.
好 我们来看看542号 Ok, so let's look at 542.
542号 漂亮的Polly 让我们大家一起来看一下 542, pretty Polly, and bring that up right there.
Harrison Burnett1960 This was sung by Harrison Burnett in Fayetteville,
年八月十八日在阿肯色的 Arkansas,
Fayetteville演唱 August 18, 1960.
有两种播放这首歌的方式 You have 2 options on how to play this song.
一种是通过real audio播放 One of them is to play real audio and
另一种是通过AIFF播放 the other is to play AIFF files.
有些人的浏览可能用一种播放方式 Some of your browsers might work better
会比另一种更好 with one of those options than the other
所以我提供了不同的选择 that's why a couple of option are there.
我希望在你们的论文里看到 So what am I looking for in this essay,
你们对要看到和听到 you're going to look at and listen to
的两首不同版本的歌曲 these 2 different versions of these songs
的对比分析 and you're going to compare and contrast.
显然这两首歌有很多地方 Clearly there will be some kind of comparison
可以进行对比 that can be made between the songs.
显而易见 它们标题相同 Obviously they both have the same title.
都是来自欧扎克地区 They both come from the Ozarks,
但是沿着两首歌的叙事线索研究 but as far as the story line behind the text
你就会发现两个歌手在处理 goes you are going to find that there will be
音乐的方法上是和 some changes in how one singer approaches it
另一位有所区别的 and the other one does,
你们将会发现在故事的演进 ok, you're going to find some real changes there
方式上一个版本同另一个版本对比 in terms of how the story line comes out
是有相当大的差异的 in one version as compared to the other.
在你们的论文里面谈谈这个 Talk about that in your essay, talk about how
谈谈歌曲是怎样被演绎的 the performances are done,
哪个版本的演绎更好 which performer did it better,
作为听众哪个版本更对你的胃口 which performer was more to your liking as a listener.
这些就是我希望在你们的 Those are the kinds of things I am interested in
论文里看到的 hearing about on this essay.
所以明天课堂上 So let's get those in tomorrow
我们再继续吧 and we will then continue.
下一堂课我们会有嘉宾来为我们 Our next session we will have guest performers
表演欧扎克音乐 之后 doing Ozarks music and then after that
我们会研究非洲音乐 we will be beginning African music,
所以请开始阅读第三章 so begin to read over the Chapter 3
非洲音乐 on African Music
并欣赏附带的CD中的音乐 and listening to the CD associated with that,