日安 我是珍妮特·布朗教授 Good day. I'm Doctor Janet Brown
我现在站在利伯缇大学 and I'm here in front of the DeMoss building
美丽校园中的苔藓大厅前 on the beautiful campus of Liberty University.
不幸的是 我们所在的地方 Unfortunately, where we are located is
挨着460高速公路 also adjacent to Highway 460,
这个地区的主干道 a major thoroughfare in this area.
所以你们可能在背景中听到一些噪音 so you will probably hear noise in the background.
那是卡车和汽车的声音 That's cars and trucks.
但是希望你们能听清楚我说话的内容 But hopefully you will hear me alright.
我想欢迎各位来到精神分析465 I want to welcome you to Psych 465,
这是 "犯罪心理" which is "Psychology of Criminal Behavior."
我认为 你们会觉得这门课很有趣 I think it's a course that you will find interesting
我认为你们能从这门课中学到很多 and I think it's a course that you will learn
或帮助你们理解 a great deal about that will help you understand
这种极难理解的现象 this extremely difficult to understand phenomenon.
犯罪是一种现象 非常复杂 And crime is a phenomenon. It's very complex.
但是 希望你们在课上学到的内容 But hopefully the things you learn in this course
能帮你们更好地理解犯罪现象 will help you understand it a little bit better.
犯罪让我们着迷 它似乎能激起我们的兴趣 Crime seems to fascinate us. It seems to intrigue us.
如果需要证据证明这一点 And if you need evidence for that,
那就打开电视机 then turn your television on sometimes
看看现在看的节目 and look at the names of some of the
的名字:海军罪案调查处 programs that you watch: NCIS,
犯罪心理 法律与秩序 criminal minds, law and order.
所有这些节目都很 All these programs are very
有趣 也很成功 interesting and very successful.
很多人收看这些节目 A lot of people watch them.
我认为 犯罪吸引我们 I think one of the reasons why we are
的一个原因是 fascinated or intrigued by crime is that
这种类型的行为 尤其是 for this type of behavior, particularly the
滔天的罪刑 或者是那些很奇怪的犯罪 heinous crimes, or the ones that are very bizarre,
和我们大多数人每天的 are just so far removed from
行为相差甚远 what most of us think about and do on a daily basis,
我们很难 that it's just difficult for us to
理解这种行为 comprehend and to understand it.
在这个课堂上 我们首先接触 In this course, we will start out with
一些基本的事物 帮助你们 some very foundational things that will help you,
更好地理解犯罪 I hope, understand crime a little bit better.
不仅仅理解犯罪 And not only understand it,
而且 作为基督教徒 我认为知道 but as Christians, I think it's very important
人们为什么会犯罪是非常重要的 for us to know why people commit these crimes,
其中涉及到的危险因子 some of the risks factors that are involved,
这样我们就不仅能理解犯罪 so that we can not only understand it,
而且有希望阻止犯罪 but hopefully prevent it.
因为圣经召唤我们作盐作光 because the Bible calls us to be salt and light.
希望 你们在这门课上 And hopefully, some of the things
学到的一些东西 that you will learn in this course
能帮助你们照亮前路 帮你们 will help you with the light and to shed the light
理解一些行为 on some of these behaviors.
我们在这门课上 首先要学习 We will start out in the course learning about
犯罪是什么 它的定义 what crime is, what it's defined as.
基本上 犯罪被定义为 Basically, it's defined as any kind of conduct
产出刑法典的所有类型的行为 that is outside the criminal code.
然后会研究一些犯罪理论 Then you will look at some of the theories of crime.
但是我们首先分析 But we begin by looking at some
一些关于人类本性的观点 of the perspectives on human nature.
一个人对人类天性的看法 The perspective that a person has on human nature
会影响他观察其他行为的方法 will color the way they look at all types of behavior,
不仅仅是犯罪行为 not just criminal behavior.
三个主要观点是 Three of the major ones are
人的本性是好的 是社会 people are basically good, it's society and
和环境影响了他们 environment that influences them.
另一个观点认为 Another perspective says
人们都是无纪律的 that people are very undisciplined.
除非社会能够提供工具 Unless society provides the tools
以约束或者控制人们 to discipline them or control them,
否则 他们会实施各种各样的行为 they will engage in these types of behaviors.
然后是第三种观点 And then there's the perspective
它认为 人们不好也不坏 that says that people are neither good nor bad,
人们是中性的 是和其他人的交往 they are neutral. And it's their interactions
产生了各种类型的行为 with other people that result in this type of behavior.
因此 你们会分析这些 So you will look at some of those
关于人性的不同观点 perspectives of human nature.
也会分析一些 You will also look at some
关于犯罪的观点 of the perspectives on crime.
犯罪包含各种学问 And crime is a multidisciplinary
犯罪学包含各种学问 the study of it is multidisciplinary:
人类学 生物学 anthropology, biology,
所有这些学科都包含其中 all those disciplines figure into it.
但是在过去的那些年中 But for the past number of years,
我认为有三个最重要的领域 the three biggies as I call them are
社会学 心理学 和精神病学 sociology, psychology, and psychiatry.
社会学分析犯罪 Sociology looks at crime,
成群的人 社会作为一个整体 groups of people, society as a whole,
以及社会如何影响人的行为 and how society influences behavior.
精神病学以精神分析作为开端 Psychiatry began from a psychoanalytic approach
大家都知道西格蒙德·弗洛伊德讨论过 and you know that Sigmund Freud talked about it
驱动力和发生在我们内心的事 in terms of drives and things that happen
以及潜意识 inside us and the unconscious.
现代社会 抱歉 Contemporary society I'm sorry
现代心理学对此不感兴趣 contemporary psychology is not as interested in that
现代精神病学对此也兴趣缺缺 nor is contemporary psychiatry.
现代精神病学的基础更倾向于 Contemporary psychiatry is more
临床和研究 clinically based, research based.
然后是心理学 And then psychology.
心理学的定义是 A definition of psychology is
这是研究心理历程和行为的学科 it's the study of mental processes and behavior.
那么 犯罪心理学 So then, psychology of criminal behavior
是研究罪犯心理活动 is the study of mental processes
和行为的学科 and behavior of the criminal.
这是我们 And that's the perspective
要讨论的观点 which we are going to be talking.
我们也会讨论其他的事情 We will talk about these other things as well,
但是主要是从心理角度进行分析 but primarily from psychological perspective.
有了心理学 我们讨论类似 And with psychology, we talk about things like
人格 气质 行为模式之类的事情 personality, temperament, behavior patterns,
我们也研究认识能力 人们思考的方式 and we also look at cognitions, the way people think,
他们的想法 信仰和设想 their thoughts and beliefs and assumptions.
所有这些都符合 All those types of things then fit into
犯罪的心理学范畴 this psychological perspective of crime.
然后我们会讨论一些 And then we will talk about some
犯罪的主要理论 of the major theories of crime:
行为主义 我们讨论经典性条件作用 behaviorism, we will talk about classical conditioning.
有一些人认为 There are people that maintain
人们受到制约 这就是 that people are conditioned and that's what causes
人们采取这些行为的原因 them to engage in this type of behavior.
斯金纳关于行为主义的观点 B.F. Skinner's approach to behaviorism
讨论了反应的强化和惩罚 talks about reinforcements and punishments.
我们之后会讲到这一部分 You will cover some of that as well:
人们是被强化才会有那样的举动吗? are people reinforced for that type of behavior.
另一个很重要的理论是 And then another very important theory
社会学习 也就是 人们通过 is social learning: that people learn by
模仿别人而学习 通过观察 imitating other people, by observing them,
和倾听学习他人 and by listening to them.
因此 这是主要的观点 So those are the major perspectives.
我们将研究挫折如何进入其中 And we'll see how frustration plays into it,
人们如何应对压力 how people respond to stress,
人们如何采用一种方式应对压力 how they respond to stress in such a way
因而他们采取了攻击行为 that they engage in aggressive behavior,
如果不是反社会或者犯罪行为的话 if not antisocial or criminal behavior.
顺便说一句 这些术语 And by the way those terms
会交替使用 will be used interchangeably:
我们讨论的反社会犯罪行为 antisocial criminal behavior which basically
通常指的是不符合规范的事情 we are talking about things that are outside the norm
并且通常是违反刑法典的行为 and quite often against the criminal code.
因此 我们会从这一点出发 So you will move on from there to start
研究其中涉及到的一些危险因子 looking at some of the risk factors that are involved.
我认为使用这种方法非常重要 I think it's very important that we use that approach
这是基础方法 and it's a foundational approach
会影响你在这门课中的方方面面 that will color everything else you do in the course.
你们会着手学习 And you will start out looking at
发展派 the developmental approach
它研究人的一生 which looks at a person's entire life span
以及生命中的 and the things that they experienced
所有经历 throughout their life.
接着 你们会认识一些 And then you will look at
社会危险因子 some of the social risk factors.
例如贫困 学校经历 Things like poverty, experiences at school,
被同伴拒绝等 peer rejection.
经研究 所有这些事物都是其中的因素 All those types of things have been found to factor in.
虽然不能说贫困让 Not to say that poverty causes
一个人作出犯罪行为 a person to engage in criminal behavior.
这不是我的观点 That's not the attitude that I take,
也不是你们在这门课上的看法 nor the attitude that you will take in this course
你们在教科书上也找不到这种理论 or that you will see in your textbook in so forth.
但是 我们要说 But rather what we'll say is that
我们所有人 在人生中 all of us, as we move through life,
都会遇到一些这样的危险因子 may encounter some of these risk factors,
但是你遇到危险因子的越多 but the more risk factors that you encounter,
遇到的负面事情越多 the more negative things you encounter,
防护性事情越少 and the fewer protective things that you encounter
这可能导致一个人 could result in a person engaging
实施犯罪行为 in this type of behavior.
所以 我们检验这些因素 So we will examine some of those things
有了心理学 and with psychology,
神经心理学在研究所有行为时 neuron-psychology is becoming very important
变得非常重要 in the study of all behavior
在研究犯罪行为时也是如此 but also in criminal behavior.
人的大脑中正在发生什么? What's going on in a person's brain,
大脑的生理学结构中发生着什么? in the physiological structure of the brain?
你们也会研究这些内容 So you'll examine some of those things as well.
然后 就会继续 从学习犯罪的知识开始 And so you'll move on then from learning about crime.
会学习它是如何定义的 You will learn about how it's defined,
如何报告的 how it's reported,
关于人类观点的一些理论 some of the theories of human perspective,
尤其是犯罪的理论 the perspectives of crime and
和我们观察人的方法 the way we look at human beings in particular.
然后会 And then you'll move from that
讨论一些危险因子 to talking about some of the risk factors.
接着我们继续 And then we will move on to
学习更有针对性的内容 being a little bit more specific.
我们会讨论人为的侵害和暴力 We will talk about human aggression and violence.
什么让人变得有侵略性? What causes people to become aggressive?
他们如何表现侵略性? How do they express that aggression?
会就这些问题进行一些讨论 You'll talk about that quite a bit.
然后我们会学习一些你们 Then we will move on to some areas
会觉得更加有趣的 that you will probably find a little bit more
领域 interesting and exciting.
这是我们讨论心理病态性格时要做的 This is when we move onto talking about psychopaths.
心理病态性格很有趣 Psychopaths are an interesting breed,
因为 这种行为超出了 because again, it is behavior that is very outside
我们认为正常的范围 what we consider to be normal.
你们会学习真正的精神病患者 You will learn to difference between a true psychopath
和 犯罪性精神变态者之间的差别 and a criminal psychopath.
你们也会读到罗伯特·黑尔的作品 You will learn to read people like Robert Hare
他的问卷可以帮助我们 who has the questionnaire that he uses to
判断精神病 help us gauge psychopathy.
我们还会讨论性别差异 We will talk about gender differences.
男性精神病人和女性精神病人 Are there differences between the way
之间存在差异吗? female psychopaths and male psychopaths,
犯罪方式存在不同吗? the way they commit crimes?
接着 我们要 Then we will move on to becoming
更加明确 a little more specific even.
我们要开始讨论精神障碍 We will start talking about mental disorders.
讨论精神障碍时 And when you talk about mental disorders,
会讨论一个人的精神障碍 you'll be talking about whether a person is
是否达到一定程度 因此不会 so mentally disordered that they could not be held
为所犯的罪承担刑事责任 criminally responsible for their crimes.
我们会调查一些 We'll examine some of the popular
很有名的辩护 defenses that people use, the defense that use
无论成功与否 Whether they are successful or not,
都会了解精神错乱辩护 you will learn about the standards
的标准 for the insanity defense,
因精神错乱而无罪 not guilty by reason of insanity,
人们精神错乱的程度很高 因此他们不得不 and people that are so disordered that they have to
住院或者到机构接受治疗 be hospitalized or institutionalized.
之后 我们会 And then from there we will move on
讨论多重谋杀 to talk about multiple murders:
连环杀人 疯狂杀人 serial murders, spree murderers.
还会了解两者之间的不同 You'll learn the difference between those two.
你们会了解 连环杀人犯通常 You'll learn that serial killers usually
在作案的时候 有一种特殊的手法 have a very specific way that they go about
展示他们所犯的罪行 doing their crimes, staging their crimes.
你们还会了解侧写 You'll learn about profiling
我知道 这在电视上和媒体上 which I know again is a popular thing
也是非常流行的 on television and in the media.
我认为你们会非常享受学习这些 And I think you will enjoy learning about that as well.
随后 我们继续 And then we will move on
讨论多重谋杀 and we'll be talking about multiple murders,
家庭暴力 家庭内部的暴力 family violence, what takes place inside the family.
接着我们会更加目的明确 We will move on then to become even more specific
讨论 and talk about
我们会讨论针对儿童的犯罪 we'll be talking about crimes that are committed
特别是 against children, particularly sexual crimes
对儿童进行性犯罪 that are committed against children.
会有一些人参与到讨论中来 You will have some speakers coming in.
也会有一些阅读材料帮助 You'll have some reading material that will help you
了解更多的内容 learn much more about that, which is
这是我个人关注的领域 保护儿童 a personal passion of mine, protecting children,
特别是在网上保护儿童 and particularly protecting children online.
这门课最后讲到的是 And the last thing we will cover in this course
酒精和药物滥用 will be alcohol and substance abuse
以及这两者和犯罪之间的关系 and their relationships to crime.
所以 你们在这门课上学到的是 So what you will be learning is this class is
我喜欢用"什么"这个词 什么是犯罪 I like to use the words "what". What is crime?
人们犯下什么类型的罪? What types of crimes do people commit?
"如何" 他们如何实施犯罪? "How". How do they go about committing these crimes?
但是 我认为更重要的是 But more importantly, I think,
或者同样重要的 是"为什么" or as importantly, is "why".
为什么人们会参与 Why do people engage in
这种类型的犯罪? these particular types of behavior?
我认为 对我们基督教徒而言 And I think for us as Christians,
我们要理解这一点 we need to understand that.
以及其中涉及到的 And what are some of the risk factors
危险因素 that are involved.
希望当你们学完这门课时 So hopefully, when you finish this course,
会知道什么是犯罪 you will know what crime is.
你们会理解犯罪的衡量标准 You will understand how it's measured.
会知道一些危险因子 You will understand some of the risk factors
以及一些防护因素 and some of the protective factors.
希望你们会比现在了解更多 And you will get to know much more, hopefully,
特定种类的犯罪 about specific types of crimes than you do now.
再次 我希望你们学习过程中 Again I wish you all the best
一些顺利 as you go through this course.
希望你们顺利完成这门课程 I wish you success in this course
和其他的课程 and in your upcoming courses as well
并且希望你们不仅仅被犯罪吸引 and that you will not only be intrigued by crime
而且 你们要认识到 作为一个人和 but that you will see ways that you
基督教徒 as a person and as a Christian
你能帮忙阻止犯罪行为的发生 can help prevent it in this world that we live in.
谢谢大家 Thank you.